Professional Documents
Culture Documents
mercado de
Infraestructura de Redes
Proveedores de Servicios
PROBAR Y SOLUCIONAR
PROBLEMAS DE CABLES DE FIBRA
PTICA DE LA EMPRESA
AGENDA
REQUISITOS DE DESEMPEO
11
CONDUCTORES DE CRECIMIENTO
100000
11
40000
266100
10000
3.56
1000
2.6
E-SR10
IEEE
802.3ba
1.9
1.9
IEEE
802.3ba
Fibre
Fibre
Fibre
Channel
Channel
100BASE100BASEChannel
FX
FX
100BASE1000
1000
FX
BASE-SX
BASE-SX
10GBASE10GBASE1000BAS
E-SXSS
40GBASE40GBASE10GBASESR4
SR4
100GBAS
S
100GBAS
E-SR10
ATM
ATM
ATM
Token
16
Ring16
FDDI/TP
Ring
FDDI/TP
FDDI/TP
PMD
PMD
PMD
10BASE10BASE10BASEFL FL
FL
10BASEToken
FOIL
16
RingFOIL
Token
Token
10BASEToken
Mb
Ring
FOIL44Mb
Ring
10BASE-
3500
120000
3000
100000
2500
13 12.5 13
Higher 12.5
Speeds
80000
2000
10
11
60000
1500
1000
40000
Shorter Distances
500
20000
4
10loss
16 budgets
100 10 52
0 0Smaller
Token
Ring 4 Mb
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Mbps
Meters
dB
40/100 GB Ethernet
- Aprobado por el IEEE en junio de 2010
- La tendencia contina ...
1986
2002 2010
20102010
2010
19861987
19871989
19891992
19921993
1993 1993
1993 1994
1994 1995
1995 1998
1998 2002
1986 1987 1989 1992 1993 1993 1994 1995 1998 2002 2010 2010
Intrnseco
Raleigh Scattering
Prdida por empalme
Fusin: alineacin por Nucleo
Mecnica: la alineacin de los ncleos, la suciedad en la
cara final, la reflexin
Dimetro del campo Modal en fibras monomodo
Discrepancia apertura numrica de las fibras multimodo
Prdida de conector
Par acoplado en el acoplador
La alineacin de los ncleos, la suciedad en la cara final,
la reflexin
Macrocurvaturas
Micro curvaturas
MEDICIN DISPERSIN
MODAL
utiliza LED
Totalmente llena todos los medios de la fibra multimodo
utiliza lser
Inyecta pulsos de luz desde un lado del ncleo a la otra a
intervalos micras
Mide la intensidad del pulso y el tiempo de llegada
El Ancho de banda modal efectivo se determina a partir de
esta prueba
10 Gb/s
Bit Period
10 Gb/s
Bit Period
Fiber
Core
Center
1 GB/s
Link Length
(@850 nm)
10 GB/s
Link Length
(@850 nm)
FDDI
62.5
160
220 m
26 m
OM1
62.5
220
275 m
33 m
OM2
50
500
550 m
82 m
OM3
50
1500 (2000)*
~1000 m *
300 m
OM4
50
3500 (4700)*
~1040 m *
400 m *
* Effective Modal
Bandwidth
* Lengths unsupported
by application
standards
* Formally stated by
the IEEE. Some
manufacturers specify
more (500-550m)
MBW
160
200
400
500
Loss
2.38 dB
2.60 dB
3.37 dB
3.56 dB
Distance
220 m
275 m
500 m
550 m
500
400
500
2.35 dB
2.35 dB
2.35 dB
500 m
550 m
550 m
- For multimode links >300 m, a mode conditioning patch cord may be required
- singlemode fiber:
4.70 dB
5000 m
20
MBW
160
200
400
500
2000
Loss
2.60 dB
2.50 dB
2.20 dB
2.30 dB
2.60 dB
Distance
26 m
33 m
66 m
82 m
300 m
500
400
500
2000
2.50 dB
2.00 dB
2.00 dB
2.00 dB
6.30 dB
300 m
240 m
300 m
300 m
10 km
21
40GBASE-R4, 100GBSE-SR10
- 50 micron multimode fiber: OM3
- 50 micron multimode fiber: OM4
MBW
2000
4700
Loss
1.90 dB
1.50 dB
Distance
100 m
150 m
22
Se le permite:
0,75 dB por adaptador (par de conectores)
BICSI limita esto a 0,5 dB
0,3 dB por empalme
850 nm:
Adapters
Splices
Fiber
= 2 * 0.75 dB
= 0 * 0.3 dB
= 0.1 km * 3.5 dB
Allowable loss =
1.50 dB
0.00 dB
0.35 dB
1.85 dB
REFLEXIN: EL ASESINO
SILENCIOSO DE REDES DE ALTA
VELOCIDAD
26
WHAT IS REFLECTANCE?
Cuando la luz se mueve de un medio de un ndice de refraccin n1
dado en un segundo medio con ndice de refraccin n2, pueden
ocurrir tanto la reflexin como la refraccin de la luz.
Estas reflexiones Fresnel son lo que se ve
cuando se mira en una ventana.
Causada por la diferencia de ndice de
refraccin entre el aire y el vidrio.
Si no est demasiado mal, todava se
pueden ver a travs del cristal.
Un espacio de aire entre las caras de
extremo de una fibra tambin causan que se
produzca reflexiones de Fresnel.
Preflected
Refl 10log
P
incident
P
ORL 10 log incident
P
reflected
CONNECTOR TYPES
REFLECTANCE IN CONNECTORS
MEJOR MANERA
Utilice un conector terminado en fbrica pulida, los ejemplos
incluyen:
Thread-Lock
Corning UniCam
CommScope OptiCam
Hay muchos otros
CLEAVE ERRORS
SHEARI
NG
CONC
AVE
CONV
EX
HACKLE /
MIST
SHATTER
SUB-SURFACE
CRACK
SURFACE
CRACKS
SURFACE
PITS
BEST WAY
TWO-TIER TESTING
50/125 m cabling
X X
Backbone Cables
2.60 dB for 10GBase-SR per IEEE
Power
Meter
2.00 dB
Light
Source
TR
X X
MC
X
Backbone Cables
OTDR
characterizes link
details
EventMap
Event Table
42
INTRODUCCIN AL
OPTIFIBER PRO OTDR
Company Confidential
QU HAY DENTRO!
La unidad central OptiFiber con
mdulo Quad Pro con NOTA: Los
mdulos monomodo y multimodo
tambin disponible
Cables de lanzamiento / Tail fibra
retrctil
Factor de forma ms pequeo
Inspector de la fibra con consejos
interfaz USB
OneClick Cleaners
Singlemode,
Multimode and
Quad modules
EventMap
Smartphone user
interface
47
#1 PROBLEMA: SUCIEDAD!
48
49
INSPECTION IMAGES
Good Connector
Fingerprint
on Connector
Dirty Connector
Las imgenes reales tal como se captura de las redes de fibra con un
Fluke Inspector
COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
El alcohol isoproplico NO
IPA no funciona en los contaminantes no polares
Pulling lubricants, buffer gels, etc.
correctamente
Company Confidential
FIBER INSPECTION
Company Confidential
PROBE TIPS
Connect the FiberInspector to
the OFP USB port
Examine the probe tips
FS tip is for FC and SC
bulkheads. Note that it is
asymmetrical
LC tip for bulkheads
2.5mm tip for SC/ST/FC patch
cords
1.25mm tip for LC patch cords
And many more available
Bulkhead FC/SC
Bulkhead LC
Company Confidential
ATTACHING A TIP
Attach the 2.5mm tip to the
probe
Note that all the tips have a key
Hold the tip in position while
tightening the nut
Company Confidential
FIBER INSPECTION
Tap TOOLS
Tap FiberInspector
Focus the image with the knob
on the probe
Press
to pause or enter
the still mode
Company Confidential
Zoom on image
Tap GRADE
Tap GRADE again
FiberInspector Mini
Inspect most patch cords and
ports (SC, ST, FC and LC)
FiberViewer
Inspect patch cords only
Rugged, ergonomic form
factor
Most affordable way to
inspect an end-face
OTDR TECHNOLOGY
60
OTDR Port
Connector
OTDR
Directional
Coupler
Two
Laser
Diodes
Fiber
Under
Test
Very Sensitive
Photo
Detector
(measures length)
Optical Fiber
Electrical
OTDR IN ACTION
Loss
Distance
62
OTDR TECHNOLOGY
Rayleigh Scattering
Fresnel Reflection
63
Rayleigh Scattering
Scattering, (Rayleigh
Scattering) occurs when
transmitted light energy is
higher than what the glass
molecules can absorb and
the energy is released in all
Backscattering occurs
directions. It is the major
from about 0.0001%
loss factor in fiber.
of the light being
reflected back to the
OTDR.
64
Fresnel Reflection
65
66
EVENTMAP
Reflection
Backscatter
68
REFLECTION EVENT
Connector
69
LOSS EVENT
Non-reflective event
Splice or severe bend
70
END EVENT
End of Fiber
71
GAINER EVENT
Gainer
GHOST EVENT
Ghosts
73
DYNAMIC RANGE
74
DYNAMIC RANGE
dB
Noise
0
Length
DEAD ZONE
Event
dead zone
Attenuation
dead zone
77
Event Dead Zone is the minimum distance it can detect an event after
the preceding event on an OTDR
80
Tail
Fiber
Launch
Fiber
81
Shows the
end of the
launch
fiber
Shows the
beginning
of the tail
fiber
Company Confidential
Company Confidential
SETUP
Supplies
Launch and Tail Cords
SC/SC adapter
OptiFiber Pro (OFP)
Connect Launch Cord to OFP
Connect Tail to Launch with SC/SC
adapter
Company Confidential
TEST ACQUISITION
Press
or
Always ensure your Port Quality
is good.
Trace progress gives instant
insight into test results.
EventMap interprets the trace
for you.
Company Confidential
EVENT DETAILS
Tap the Summary Bubble to see
the Event Details.
Details are provided for the
events loss, reflectance and
segment attenuation.
Next and previous events can be
viewed.
Context sensitive help is
available.
Company Confidential
EVENT TABLE
Tap the Table tab.
Large tables can be scrolled
Company Confidential
TRACE
Tap on TRACE
Change wavelength here
Company Confidential
EXERCISE 4
LAUNCH/TAIL COMPENSATION
Company Confidential
Company Confidential
EXERCISE 4: SETUP
Supplies
Launch and Tail Cords
SC/SC adapter
OptiFiber Pro (OFP)
Connect Launch Cord to OFP
Connect Tail to Launch with SC/SC
adapter
Company Confidential
LINK TEST
Company Confidential
SET UP
Supplies
Launch and Tail Cords
Demo Artifact
1m patch cord
OptiFiber Pro (OFP)
Connect Launch cord to port 2
Connect 1m to ports 6 and 8
Connect Tail cord to port 4
1m
Typical cassette
Premium cassette
50/125um MM
Pre-terminated MTP
Cassette
50/125um MM Patch
Cord
111
114
116
MEASURING LOSS
117
OPTICAL POWER
Absolute measurement of power measured in dBm as
a reference to one milliwatt of power
Optical Power is measured in dBm
(0 dBm = 1 milliwatt)
Some examples
0 dBm
-10 dBm
-20 dBm
-30 dBm
1. Milliwatt
= 1000 microwatts
=
=
=
0.1 milliwatts
0.01 milliwatts
0.001milliwatts
=
=
=
100 microwatts
10 microwatts
1 microwatt
Source
Detector
-20 dBm
2. Loss measurement: light energy arriving at detector through fiber under test
and tail test reference cord
Fiber Optic
Link-under-test
Test Reference
Additional Test
Cord
Reference Cord
Source
Detector
Adapter
Adapter
-24.2 dBm
Disadvantages:
Can only be used when adapters at the end of the link-under-test match the
adapter type in the tester (detector)
Launch Reference
Cord
Detector
Source
Measure loss:
Launch
Reference
Cord
Fiber
Link-under-test
Tail
Reference
Cord
Detector
Source
CL3
CL4
Receiving
Patch Cable
Detector
Source
Measure loss The difference: Link plus ONE connection
Source
Launch
TRC
Fiber Optic
Link-under-test
Adapter
Receiving
TRC
Adapter
Detector
Launch
Reference
Cord
Reference
Jumper
Tail Reference
Cord
Detector
Source
CL1
CL2
Reads P1
Fiber Optic
Link-under-test
Tail
Reference
Cord
Detector
Source
CL3
CL4
Reads P2
131
LAUNCH CONTROL
Power Meter 1
Multimode
Source 1
LAUNCH CONTROL
Power Meter 1
Multimode
Source 2
New TSB:
- Practical Considerations for Implementation of
Multimode Launch Conditions in the Field (Draft as of Dec
2012)
HOW IS EF DEFINED?
Total Power
Intensity in radius
R
HOW IS EF MEASURED?
EF
output
Test cord
output
Near field
measurement
Reference grade
test cord
Source
mandrel
From:
To:
measurement accuracy is
Best Practice
Use high-quality Test Reference Cords (TRCs)
Clean TRC ends before you set the reference
Let the tester warm up to steady-state internal temperature
About 10 min with ambient temp and tester temp difference <20F
148
SIMPLIFIBER PRO
Multimode Source
Dual Wavelength, Single Port, Auto Wavelength Mode
and FindFiber Mode, 850 nm and 1300 nm
Singlemode Source
Dual wavelength, Single Port, Auto Wavelength and
FindFiber Mode, 1310nm and 1550nm
Power Meter
Calibration points at 850, 1300, 1310, 1490, 1550 and
1625 nm,
CheckActive Mode, FindFiber Mode
Min/Max Feature
USB Port
FindFiber Remote ID
One device for both SM and MM fiber
Sends a unique identifier signal (1 thru 8)
12 dB Loss!
0.5 dB Loss!
DTX-SFM2 Laser
1310 nm & 1550 nm
DTX-MFM2 LED
850 nm & 1300 nm
DTX-GFM2 VCSEL/Laser
850 nm & 1310 nm
SC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
SC
SC
Out
In
Main Unit
Out
LC Adapter
In
Remote Unit
To LUT End 2
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
SC
SC
Out
In
LC Adapter
Do not move
Out
In
LC
SC
Out
In
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
SC
Out
In
Polarity Test
Plug black boot at end of TRC into transmit port on the
panel
Plug red boot at end of TRC into receive port on the panel
LC panel
Out
In
LC panel
TR
RC
RC
TR
Out
In
Install fan-out
Complex
Test 12 times
Polarity?
Test to Limit?
Documentation?
Incomplete
Tedious
10GBASE-S
40GBASE-SR4
100GBASE-SR10
Length m (ft)
Loss Budget
(dB)
Length m (ft)
Loss Budget
(dB)
Length m (ft)
Loss Budget
(dB)
Length m (ft)
OM2
OM3
OM4
3.6
4.5
4.8
550 (1804)
550 (1804)
550 (1804)
2.3
82 (269)
2.6
300 (984)
2.9
400 (1312)
-----
1.9
100 (328)
1.5
150 (492)
-----
1.9
100 (328)
1.5
150 (492)
SET REFERENCE
Bulkhead FC/SC
Bulkhead LC
QuickTest: 2 seconds*
DataCenter: 2 seconds typical*
Auto OTDR: 5 seconds typical*
*- Per wavelength
SUMMARY
Do not Plug-and-Pray
VFL testing is not testing
Perform full Tier 1 Certification Testing
Inspect and Clean
Proper loss referencing (1-Jumper)
Meticulous loss testing
BACKUP SLIDES
Slides here described the use of DTX to test MPO
cassette, and with MultiFiber Pro, this is no longer
necessary. The slides are left here such that in case
there are prospects who still use DTX and want to
know how to test MPO cassette, they can be used to
illustrate the steps and upsell them to MultiFiber
Pro.
0.75 dB
300 m
1.05 dB
0.75 dB
0.75 dB
The loss budget here would be 4.05 dB; not good enough
0.75 dB
300 m
1.05 dB
SET A REFERENCE
RUN AN AUTOTEST
0.75 dB
0.75 dB
300 m
1.05 dB
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EF
Option 2
- Use an external mode controller
- Replaces the mandrels
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EF
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EF
Todays solution
MUCHAS GRACIAS
Hugo Barros 2927-4422
hbarros@intronica.com