Evelyn Loekito

2112100032

TUGAS II
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION RESUME
Normal Distribution Definition
The normal
distribution refers
to

family

of continuous

probability

distributions described by the normal equation.

The normal distribution is defined by the following equation:
The value of the random variable P is:

Where :
X is a normal random variable
is the mean
is the standard deviation
is approximately 3.14159
e is approximately 2.71828
The random variable X in the normal equation is called the normal random
variable. The normal equation is the probability density function for the normal
distribution.
Data tends to be around a central value with no bias left or right and it is often
called as a Bell Curve since its tendency mostly looks like a bell curve.

A Normal Distribution
The yellow histogram shows some data that follows it closely, but not perfectly
(which is usual).
Many things closely follow a Normal Distribution:

heights of people
size of things produced by machines
errors in measurements
blood pressure
marks on a test

The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution all of which led to

several implications for probability:

The total area under the normal curve is equal to 1.

The probability that a normal random variable X equals any particular

value is 0.
The probability that X is greater than a equals the area under the normal
curve bounded by a and plus infinity (as indicated by the non-shaded area

in the figure below).

The probability that X is less than a equals the area under the normal
curve bounded by a and minus infinity (as indicated by the shaded area in
the figure below).

Parameters and Properties

Normal distribution can be characterized by these two following parameters:
= expected value
determines the value of x about which the distribution is centered
with the range -
= standard deviation
determines the width of the distribution about the true mean
with the range 0
The Standard Normal Distribution (SND)
"Standardizing":

Rather than computing each value of and , any normal distribution can be
converted in to The Standard Normal Distribution (SND) with its parameter z.
z is the "z-score" (Standard Score)
x is the value to be standardized
is the mean
is the standard deviation
Thus, the normal distribution equation can be referred as :

P ( Z )=

1 z /2
e
2
2

We can say that any value is:

likely to be within 1st standard deviation (68%should be)

very likely to be within 2nd standard deviations (95% should be)
almost certainly within 3rd standard deviations (99.7% should be)

Usage of Standard Normal (Z) Table

Values in the table represent areas under the curve to the left of Z (cummulative)
quartiles along the margins.
For Example :
P( 90 < X < 110 ) = P( X < 110 ) - P( X < 90 )
From the Z table :
P( X < 110 ) is 0.84
P( X < 90 ) is 0.16.
We use these findings to compute our final answer as follows:
P( 90 < X < 110 ) = P( X < 110 ) - P( X < 90 )
P( 90 < X < 110 ) = 0.84 - 0.16
P( 90 < X < 110 ) = 0.68
Thus, about 68% of the test scores will fall between 90 and 110.

Source :
http://stattrek.com/probability-distributions/normal.aspx
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NormalDistribution.html
http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-normal-distribution.html
http://www.oswego.edu/~srp/stats/z.htm
http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-normal-distribution-table.html