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Name the parts A and B of the transcription unit given below. D 2008.
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Structural gene
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B
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Name the component a and b in the nucleotide with a purine, given below. D2008
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Name the types of synthesis a and b occurring in the replication fork of DNA as shown
below. D2008
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Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs? AI08
Mention the polarity of the DNA a-b and c-d shown in the replicating fork given below. AI08
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Mention the carbon positions to which the nitrogenous base and the phosphate molecule
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a) Name the molecue X synthesized by i gene. How does this molecule get
inactivated?
b) Which one of the structural genes codes for -galactosidase?
c) When will the transcription of this gene stop? AI09
36. Study the given portion of double stranded polynucleotide chain carefully. Identify a, b, c
and the 5 end of the chain AI09
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37. Name the category of codon UGA belongs to. Mention another codon of the same category.
Explain their role in protein synthesis. F09
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Study the mRNA segment given above which is complete to be translated into a polypeptide
chain.
i)
Write the codons a and b
ii)
What do they code for?
iii)
How is peptide bod formed between two aminoacids in the ribosomes? AI08
54. Study the pedigree chart and answer the questions that follow.
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a) Is the trait recessive or dominant?
b) Is the trait sex- linked or autosomal?
c) Give the genotypes of the parents in generation I and of their third and fourth child
in generation II. AI08
55. How does Darwin theory of Natural selection explain the appearance of new forms of life on
earth? AI08
56. Study the pedigree chart and answer the questions that follow:
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III
a) Is the trait recessive or dominant?
b) Is the train sex- linked or autosomal?
c) Give the genotypes of the parents shown in generation I and their third child shown
in generation II and the first grand child shown in generation III. AI08
57. Draw a labeled schematic sketch of replication fork of DNA. Explain the role of enzymes
involved in DNA replication. D09
58. Haemophilia is a sex linked recessive disorder of humans. The pedigree chart given below
shows the inheritance of haemophilia in one family. Study the pattern of inheritance and
answer the questions given. D09
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a) Give all the possible genotypes of the members 4,5 and 6 in the pedigree chart.
b) A blood test shows that the individual 14 is a carrier of haemophilia. The member
numbered 15 has recently married the member numbered 14. What is the
probability that their first child will be haemophilic male?
59. Inhertiance pattern of ABO blood groups in humans shows dominance, codominance and
multiple allelism. Explain each concept with the help of blood group genotypes. D09
60.
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a) Mention the specific geographical region where these organisms are found.
b) Name and explain the phenomenon that has resulted in the evolution of such
diverse species in the region.
c) Explain giving reasons the existence of placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf sharing
the same habitat.
61.
a) Write your observations on the variations seen in the Darwins finches shown above.
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b) How did Darwin explain the existence of different varieties of finches on Galapagos
Islands? AI09
65. Draw a schematic representation of the structure of a transcription unit and show the
following in it:
i)
Direction in which the transcription occurs
ii)
Polarity of the two strands involved
iii)
Template strand
iv)
Terminator gene
b) Mention the function of promoter gene in transcription. AI09
66.
a) In human genome which one of the chromosome has the most genes and which one
has the fewest?
b) Scientists have identified about 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphs in human
genome. How is this information of their existence going to help the scientists? AI09
67.
a) Identify the polarity from a to a, in the above diagram and mention how many more
aminoacids are expected to be added to this polypeptide chain.
b) Mention the DNA sequence coding for serine and the anticodon of tRNA for the same
amino acid.
c) Why are some untranslated sequences of bases seen in mRNa coding for a
polypeptide? Where exactly are they present on mRNA? F09
68. In one family each of the four children has a different blood group. Their mother is group A
and the father is group B. Explain this pattern of inheritance with the help of a cross along
with the genotypes. F09
69. Who proposed chromosomal theory of inheritance? Point out any two similarities in the
behaviour of chromosomes and genes. F09
70.
What do these pictures a and b illustrate with reference to evolution? Explain. F09
71. During his studies on genes in Drosophila that were sex-linked. T.H Morgan found F2
population phenotypic ratio deviated from expected 9:3:31. Explain the conclusion he
arrived at. D10
72. Describe the initiation process of transcription in bacteria. D10
73. Explain convergent and divergent evolution with the help of one example of each. D10
74. Describe the elongation process of transcription in bacteria. D10
75. Why are F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios same in a cross between red-flowered
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snapdragon and white-flowered snapdragon plants. Explain with the help of a cross. D10
76. Describe the termination process of transcription in bacteria. D10
77. In a series of experiments with Streptococcus and mice F.Griffith concluded that R-strain
bacteria had been transformed. Explain. AI10
78.
a) How does the Hardy-Weinbergs expression (p2+2pq+q2=1) explain that genetic
equilibrium is maintained in a population?
b) List any two factors that can disturb the genetic equilibrium. AI10
79. Explain the sex determination mechanism in humans. How is it different in birds. AI10
80. EExplain the mechanism of sex determination in insects like Drosophila and grasshopper.
AI10
81. Workout a cross between true breeding red and white flowered dog-flower plants (
Snapdragon) up to F2 progeny. Explain the results of F1 and F2 generations. F10
82. Inheritance pattern of flower colour in garden pea plant and snapdragon differs. Why is this
difference observed? Explain showing the crosses upto F 2 generation. D09
83. Explain Hershey-Chase experiment. What was proved through this experiment? D2008
84. a) A true breeding pea plant, homozygous for inflated green pods is crossed with another
pea plant with constricted yellow pods (ffgg).What would be the phenotype and genotype of
F1 and F2 generations? Give the phenotype ratio of F2 generation?
b) State the generalisation proposed by Mendel on the basis of above mentioned cross.
D2008
85. A true breeding pea plant homozygous for axial violet flowers is crossed with another pea
plant with terminal white flowers (aavv)
a) What would be the phenotype and genotype of F1 and F2 generations?
b) Give the phenotypic ratio of F2 generations.
c) List the Mendels genralisation that can be derived from the above cross. D2008
86. a)Explain Griffiths experiments where he witnessed transformation in bacteria he worked
with.
b) Name the scientists responsible for detemining the biochemical nature of transforming
priniciple in Griffiths experiments. What did they prove? D2008
87. What is semiconservative DNA replication? How was it experimentally proved and by
whom? AI08
88. A homozygous tall pea plant with green seeds is crossed with a dwarf pea plant with yellow
seeds.
i) What would be the phenotype of F1?
ii) Work out the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation with the help of a Punnett square. AI08
89. A tall pea plant with yellow seeds (heterozygous for both the traits) is crossed with a dwarf
pea plant with green seeds. Using a Punnet square work out the cross to show the
phenotypes and genotypes of F1 generation.AI08
90. a) Why is DNA molecule a more stable genetic material than RNA? Explain.
b) unambiguous, degenerate and universal are some of the salient features of genetic
codes. Explain. AI08
91. Draw a labelled schematic structure of a transcription unit.Explain the function of each
component of the unit in the process of transcription. AI08
92. A snapdragon plant homozygous for red flower when crossed with a white flowered plant of
the species produced pink flowers in F1 generation.
a) What is this phenotypic expression called?
b) Work out the cross to show the F2 generation when F1 was self pollinated. Give the
phenotype and genotypic ratios of F2 generation.
c) How do you compare the F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios with those of Mendelian
monohybrid F2 ratios? AI08
93. Two blood samples A and B picked up from the crime scene were handed over to the
forensic department for genetic fingerprinting. Describe how the technique of genetic
fingerprinting is carried out. How will it be confirmed whether the samples belonged to the
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102.
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Codominance
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Incomplete dominance
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The progeny resembled only one of
the parents.
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homozygous dominant for the trait. How would you ensure its genotype? Explain with
crosses. F09
106.
i)
How does a chromosomal disorder differ from a Mendelian disorder?
ii)
Name any two chromosomal aberration associated disorders.
iii)
List the characteristics of the disorders mentioned above that help in their
diagnosis. D10
107.Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. Explain with
suitable example. D10
108.Explain the causes, inheritance pattern and symptoms of any two Mendelian genetic
disorders. D10
109.
i)
Natural selection operates when nature select for fitness. Explain .
ii)
The rate of appearance of new forms is linked to the lifespan of an organism.
Explain with the help of a suitable example. D10
110.Write the symptoms of haemophilia and sickle cell anemia in humans. Explain how the
inheritance of the two diseases differs from each other. D10
111.
a) Write the Hardy-Weinberg principle
b) Explain the three different ways in which natural selection can affect the
frequency of a heritable train in a population shown in the graph below. D10
112.
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