1. A commercial oil reservoir has recently been discovered.

If the oil reservoir pressures above the

bubble point pressure, the factor in material balance .. far more important if the reservoir was
producing below bubble point pressure:Produced GOR
2. An induced hydraulic fracture is aligned:Perpindicular to the minimum in situ stress direction
3. Based on Buckley-Leverett eq. What's the expected effect of capillary p.on microscopic displac.effic.
of a water flooding? Decrease the microscopic displacment efficency.
4. Bucley Leverett equation: fw=(ko+ (koA/qtot*uo)*((Dpc/Dl)+g(w-o)*sin)) / (1+
(kro/o)*(w/rw))
5. Considering a dynamic reservoir model, give 2 of the parameters need to be matched & 2 of the
data can be used? WCT-> Kv,pc; HOIP->PHI, pc
6. Define apparent skin for gas wells: S'= S+Dgsc D=No darcy coefficient =kM/2khuR *
(psc/Tsc)*['(1/rw - 1/r')+(1/rw-1/r')]
7. Define the main features of injection fall off test. Why it is used as unconventional well testing?it's
a press.trans.testing performed during injection of a fluid into a well. I't similar to drawdown testing
for const. & variable rates.Shutting in an inject. well gives a press.falloff similar to press.build up in
prod.well. A distintion from a drowdon/buildup test is made when the fluids injected are different. It's
UNONCV. cause: 0 emission, no safety issues, mply equipment
8. Define the main features of MDT test. Why, it is used as an unconventional test?MDT havs a single
probe or a dual parker configuration, and it's posssible test the fluid in an open cased hole by setting
the parkers above and below the two interval ofinterest. It can be used to collect PVT sample, and it
can be provide info about in situ fluid characteristics. In can be considered unconventional WT cause
fluids are not produced tto surface, solving problem related to the handly of the fluid.
9. Describe briefly the static and dynamic model in reservoir: Static: consist of a conceptual&3D
construction of a subsurface geological model. The 3D model
describe:Structure,Stratigraphy,property of rock. Dynamic: it's a fluid flow similation, which workflow
is composed by: Initialization, Hystory Matching, Forecasting,Evaluation of forecasting scenario (risk
analysis).
10. Differences between static and dynamic model:Static (3D geolog.model) To investigate&model the
res.structure&rock&fluid properties;Compute the HOIP;Make well trajectory planning. Dynamic (Fluid
flow simul):Estimate recoverable resources&forecast the product. performaances;Select the best
production scenario;Investigate all the possible improved recovery options
11. Eclipse initialization: 1)Datum depth,2)pressure@datum depth,3)GOC,4)WOC,5)Cp w-o,6)Cp g-o
12. Flow period is: Total period of time when well is producing
13. For an undersaturated oil reservoir, one equilibrium region is defined by: Initial press,datum
depth,fluid contact,cp,PVT propert,API
14. For which reasons the facies simulation is performed before the assignment of the petroph.proper?
In order for the petroph.proper.to be distribuited according to a geological creiterion based on the
facies distribut.
15. From operational point of view, conventional well testing consists of: 1)Imposing the surface
rates;2)Measure of bottom hole pressure
16. Give the definition of reservoir: It's an subsurface body rock whit a sufficient permeability and
porosity to store and trasmit hydrocarbons fluids and overlaid by a sealing rock that prevent hydr.to
move upward
17. How can dual porosity be distinguished from dual permeabilty?Getting info on the reservoir
geological environment
18. How can the formation fracture..pressure be evaluated?From mini frac test carried out
19. How can we find sweep efficency? Sweep efficency is the rate between, the reservoir Area interested
by thedisplacementfluid and the total area.It depend by the Mobility ratio,distance betwwen
inj.wells, and the volume of injected fluid.
20. In a simulation model the hydros.equilib. Between 2 undersat.oil res.connected by the acquifer and
with different OWC can be obtained by:Equal p &datum depth in the 2 regions@a depth deeper than
the deepest OWC

21. In a typicall naturally fractured reservoir: Fluids are mainly stored in the matrix blocks and mainly
flow along th fractures
22. In the case of monophase flow which of the following logs provides info bout the fluid entry points
in a prod.well? Temperature logs
23. In the cut off analysis, the net-pay is obtained by applying: the cut off on shale volume, porosity
&water saturation
24. In the definition of most appropiate orizontal grid cell dimensions(xy) in a 3D reserv.model,which
issues must be taken in account? 1)Dimension of sedimentary bodies,3)Well spacing,4)Total numb.of
cell
25. In the definition of most appropiate vertical grid cell dimensions in a 3D reserv.model,which issues
must be taken in account? 1)Vertical eteroegenity,2) Presence of fault,3)Suspect of water
coning,4)Total number of cell
26. In wich of the following steady state, flow occurs? Strong water drive (press=cost x presenza
acquifero)
27. Indicate the term that wil NOT change the performance for an oil well:Water influx such as reservoir
pressure remain const
28. Indicate what defines the correctness of the model initialization: Fluids equilibrium, static
OHIP=dynamic OHIP
29. Investigation radius is: 1)Valid under transient conditions;2)A function of q;3)A function of K
30. List the main phase of numerical model/reservoir simulation:1)initialization,2)history
matching,3)forecasting
31. List the main phase of reservoir static modelling: 1)Database creation &quality check,2)Stratigraphy
well correlation&fluid contact&compartment identification
32. Logs: Fluid:Resistivity&Conductivity; Geology/lithology: Gamma ray;Porosity:Density&Neutron
33. Mechanical Skin correspond to: 1)Permeability reduction near wellbore;2)Lower well productivity
34. Plot the specilized plot and write the appropiate equation (Transient conditions): prw=pi-qu/4kh *
(ln2,25td+2S)
35. Select slope: Radial= 0; Linear=1/2;Bi-Linear=1/4; Spherical=-1/2
36. Should the press.derivat.indicate a slope equal to half?Horizontal well;Infinite conductvitity vertical
fracture;parallel boundary(channel)
37. Simulation constrains apllied during a reservoir producation? Qo_MAX, Qin_MAX, GOR_MAX,
WHP_MAX,BHP_min
38. Strong water drive is in a gas or oil reservoir? Oil reservoir
39. The assumption NOT used in the derivation of the Horner eq? Flow into wellbore continues after
well shut in
40. The do nothing scenario is simulated: in the case of production reservoirs
41. The effect of shutting the well in, through a tester valve located down hole: WBS minimization
42. The end point scaling option can be used to apply: A variation of the relative permeability curves
and/or cp curves in specific model areas
43. The parameter to calibrate in History matching are: Those affected by uncertain
44. To compare the production forecasts between 2 development scenarios of an oil reser. Which
param. Are considered?Cumulative hydroc.productions &Gas, Oil, Water rates
45. To completely sustain the reservoir pressure in a producing oil reservoir through gas inj.,the water
rate must be equal to: QgiBgi=QoBo+QwpBwp+QgfBgf
46. To completely sustain the reservoir pressure in a producing oil reservoir through water inj.,the
water ratemust be equal to: QwiBwi=QoBo+QwpBwp+QgfBgf
47. What are the espected effects of decreasing the vertical permeability(anisotropy) in a dynamic
reservoir model? delayed waterbreaktrough and decreasing water prod.
48. What are the espected effects of increasing the vertical permeability in a dynamic reservoir model?
Anticipated waterbreaktrough and increasing water production
49. What are the influence of temperature on GOIP?No effect in the reservoir
50. What are the main objectives of WellTesting? 1)Estimate the reservoir k; 2)Estimate the

skin;3)Define remedial jobs;4) Estimate formation press.

51. What does a caliper log measure? WBS damage
52. What does the negative value of skin indicate? There is a permeability enhancment,i.e.stimulation,
made by acidification
53. What is avarage pressure, and define all terms? P(av)=1/vpdv p(av)= pi-(qt/Ct*A*PHI*h)
54. What is history matching? Model calibration by matching real and simulated data by changing
parameter model
55. What is the apparent skin? The apparent skin is the damage S' caused by the turbolence due by
turbolent gas flow in the well. S'=S+Dqgsc, where D include: mechanical skin and geometrical skin
56. What is the equation of investigation radius? Rd=1,5*(kt/ct*PHI*u)^0,5
57. What is the log facies characterization?The assignment of lithological and petrohisical properties to
the previously classified log-facies
58. What is the MBH function? 4*tDA + Ei(-dj^2/4t) F dipende da: Shape of drainage area, Position of
wells, Time tDA
59. What is the objective of reservoir simulation? To build 3D model that simulates the reservoir
dynamic behaviour in order to forecast the field productivity according to different development
scenario
60. What is the typicall behaviour of fluid flow in the fractured reservoir called due porosity? If S>0
(Restricted flow condit)There is a damage @ the interface of matrix and fissures, and the production
is substained only by fissures through thehydrocarbons contained in it. If S=0
(Unrestric.flow.cond.)there is no damage @ the interface and the matrix, respond quickly to pressure
variation, and feed the fissures with hydrocarb
61. What is the water cut? The percentage of water present respect the total liquid produced
62. Which are parameter affect WBS effect? Vw(volume of the well) & K(formation permeability) &
C(compr.of the fluid)
63. Which are the main goals of areal interference test? AREAL: verify the continuiity between
well,(drainage at the same level); VERTICAL:verify hydraulic communic. between 2 pools of the same
well and reserv.commun.in the well.
64. Which are the main goals of limit test? Investigate on thedimensions of the reservoir
65. Which are the main types of unconventional well testing?1) Mini DST,2) Injection fall off test,
3)Closed chamber test,4) Downhole production reinjection
66. Which of the following are hydrocarbons traps? 1)Anticline,2)Fault,3)Statrigraphic,3)Salt dome
67. Which of the following are reservoir rocks?1)Clastic(sand,gravel), 2)Carbonate(limestone,dolomite)
68. Which of the following are sealing rocks?1)Salt, 2)Anydrite,3)Shale/clay
69. Which of the following combinations provides the highest efficency of an oil displacment process by
water injection?Low mobility ratio, Low capillary pressure,Low krw, Low inj rate.
70. Which of the following workflow is correct?Fault modelling,horizontal modelling,internal zonation
modelling,layering petrophisical modelling,upgridding&upscaling
71. Which parameter can be changed during history matching? Kabs,krel,cp,Acquifer parameters,Fluid
contact,HOIP
72. Which parameters affect Dietz factor?: A (Shape of drainage area) & rw^2 (distance)
73. Why the knowledge of minimum in situ stress is important?It represent the press @ which the rock
breaks
74. Wich pressure is normally measured by wirelin formation tester? Pressure of the dynamic mobile
phase in the reserv. (Dynamic)
75. Write an equation describing the gas flow in a reservoir under transient cond.and define all terms:
m(pi)-m(pw)=qsc*T*psc/2khTsc*(ln2,25*td+2S') td=tk/u*PHI*ct*rw^2
76. Write equation of pressure depletiond ue to production? Pi-P(avarage) = qt/ A*PHI*h*ct
77. Write the equation describing the gas flow in a reservoir area under early transient cond.and define
all terms: m(pi)-m(pw)=qsc*T*psc/2khTsc*(ln2,25*td+2S') td=tk/u*PHI*ct*rw^2
78. Write the equation of Skin Factor: S= (k/k' -1)ln(r'/rw)

79. Write the Horner Equation: p(rw,t)=p*-(qu/(4kh))*(log(tp+p/p)); if new well non in prod: p*=p
OR p*=p(av) * (qu/4kh)*F F:F function