Professional Documents
Culture Documents
References:
Ship Design & Construction Vol. I
Ship Design & Construction Vol. II
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Introduction to Marine Engineering
Marine Auxiliary Machinery
Maritime Engineering Reference Handbook
Ship Construction
Dedi Budi P ST MT
Basics of a Fire
There are three (3) components required for combustion to occur:
Fuel to vaporize and burn
Oxygen to combine with fuel vapor
Heat to raise the temperature of the fuel vapor to its ignition
temperature
There are two important factors to remember in preventing and
extinguishing a fire:
i) If any of the three components are missing, then a fire cannot start.
ii) If any of the three components are removed, then the fire will go out.
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Basics of a Fire
Oxygen
Air normally contains about 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen
and1% other gases
Fuel
Solid fuels
Liquid fuels
Gaseous fuels
Heat
conduction,
radiation and
convection
Dedi Budi P ST MT
Classification of Fires
Ordinary
Flammable
Liquids
Combustibles
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Electrical
Equipment
Combustible
D
Metals
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Classification of Fires
Class A fires involve three groups of materials commonly found onboard a
vessel, including:
Wood and wood-based materials
Textiles and fibers
Plastics and rubber
Areas in which Class A materials may be located include the following:
Bridge contains wooden desks, charts, almanacs and other such
combustibles.
Wood in many forms may be found in the carpenter shop.
Various types of cordage are stowed in the boatswains locker & Emergency
locker
Undersides of metal cargo containers are usually constructed of wood or
wood-based materials.
Large numbers of filled laundry bags are sometimes left in passageways,
awaiting movement to and from the laundry room.
Dedi Budi P ST MT
Classification of Fires
Class B fires involve two groups of materials commonly
found onboard a vessel:
Flammable liquids
Flammable gases
Areas in which Class B materials may be located include
the following:
Machinery Spaces
Cargo Tanks
Ro-Ro Spaces.
Paint Lockers.
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Classification of Fires
Class C Fires ; Electrical equipment involved in fire, or in
the vicinity of a fire, may cause electric shock or burns
tofirefighters.
Areas in which Class C materials may be located include
the following;
Engine Room
Emergency Generator Room
Passageways
Other Locations bridge deck
Dedi Budi P ST MT
Classification of Fires
Class D Fires ; Metals are commonly considered to be
non-flammable. However, they can contribute to fires and fire
hazards in a number of ways.
Areas in which Class D materials may be located include
the following;
principally used in the construction of vessels is steel.
containers used for shipping cargo
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Classification of Fires
Dedi Budi P ST MT
Classification of Fires
Prinsip Pemadaman
Udara
Dilution
Smothering
Starving
Bahan bakar
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Cooling
API
Heat
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Fire Fighting
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Damage to sensitive
equipment can be avoided,
especially in the case of
electronic equipment.
Clean up time and
equipment down time is
substantially reduced.
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Disadvantages
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General Principles
Cooling of the flame temperature
Reduction of the radiant heat received at the fuel surface
Requires the system to be capable of providing water
application at a rate of at least 3.5 L/min/m2 for spaces with a
deck height not exceeding 2.5 meters
and a capacity of at least 5 L/min/m2 (for spaces with a deck
height of 2.5 meters or more.
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Pumps
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Sprinkler System
Piping Components
and Materials
Nozzles
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Water
Air
Foam making agent
Foam Characteristics
Knockdown Speed and Flow
Heat Resistance
Fuel Resistance.
Vapor Suppression
Alcohol Resistance
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Types of Foams
Low Expansion Foams
expansion ratio of 12:1 12 volumes of foam.
Pressure in the lines range 12 bar
Mid Low Expansion Foams
expansion ratio of between about 20:1 to 100:1.
High-Expansion Foams
expand in ratios of over 100:1.
Pressure in the lines range 4-5 bar
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The system is used to protect the cargo deck area and all
loading station manifolds on the vessel
The units are self-contained fire-fighting systems that use
a dry chemical extinguishing agent propelled by a highpressure inert gas such as nitrogen.
Dry chemical powders, such as sodium bicarbonate,
potassium bicarbonate and urea potassium bicarbonate
can be very effective in extinguishing small LNG or LPG
fires
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Chain Breaking
Cooling
Smothering
Shielding of Radiant Heat
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Mechanical
Foam
Extinguishers
Stored-Pressure
Water
Extinguishers
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POWDER
CartridgeOperated Water
Extinguisher
Dry powder
CO2
Chemical Foam
Portable Fire
Extinguishers
Dry chemical
WATER
Soda-Acid
Extinguishers
Carbon-dioxide
FOAM
Foam
Dry Cemical
Water
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Water Extinguishers
9.5 liter and weighs 13.6
kg
It has a typical reach of
10.7 to 12.2 meters and
expends itself in about 55
seconds.
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Foam
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CO2
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Disadvantages CO2
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Dry Powder
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