Steel Truss Bridge Design Example

1.
Introduction
This design note consists of 40m through trussed bridge.
The analysis of the structure has been done by a complete mathematical modelling using STAAD-Pro
analysis software, while the design is done manually in line with the procedure & parameters laid
down in the following standards:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
IRC:6-2000
IRC:21-2000
IRC:22-1986
IRC:24-2001
IS:11384-1985
BS:5400-Part5:1979
2.0
Basic Design Data:

Statical scheme
Main Girders
Cross Bracings
Top chord bracings
Simply supported N type trusses (2 sets)

with concrete deck at the top acting
compositely with the main longitudinals
at locations of the joint of verticals & the top
& bottom chord
No bracing as the composite deck will serve
the purpose
At every panel, as crossed braces.
Bottom chord bracing :

Span of Main girders
(c/c of bearing)
40 m
Carriageway width
4.25 m
Crash barrier width
0.45 m
Total clear width of structure

(span of cross girders)
5.15 m
Wearing coarse thickness
Cross fall on roadway
Minimum depth of slab
Live load
Density of concrete
2.5 t/m3
Density of wearing coarse
2.3 t/m3
Density of steel
7.85 t/m3
Grade of Concrete
M 20
Grade of Steel
Fe 540
Yeild Stress of Steel
390 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel
2.11E+05 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Conc.
Coefficient of thermal expansion

Steel
Concrete
:
:
75 mm to be provided
100 mm for design purpose
2.5 % in both directions
200 mm
24 R
27500.00 MPa
(as per IRC:21-2000 cl.303.1)
For class 25t tracked vehicle, impact factor

(as per IRC:6-2000 cl.211.2 & figure 5)
0.000012 /C
0.000012 /C
(as per IRC:22)
1.154
elling using STAAD-Pro

ure & parameters laid
Design of Through Steel Bridge

Effective Span 40.0m
Calculation of Member properties
Steel Members:
Cross sectional area (A) (m2):
C.g. distance from top (m):
C.g. distance from left (m):
10
255
10
275
Bottom chord.(ND-1)
250
Ix-x (I about x-axis)
(m4):
Iy-y (I about y-axis)
(m4):
0.0101
0.1375
0.125
0.0001154585
0.000099524
Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):
0.0001601964

0.0101
0.1375
0.125
230
10
255
10
275
Bottom chord.(ND-2)
250
(m4):
(m4):
0.0001154585
0.000099524
0.0001601964

0.0101
0.1375
0.125
230
10
255
10
275
Bottom chord.(ND-3)
250
Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4):

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4):
0.0001154585
0.000099524
0.0001601964

0.0101
0.1375
0.125
230
10
FX
230
255
10
275
Top chord.ND-1
250

0.0001154585
0.000099524
0.0001601964

10
255
10
275
Top chord.ND-2
250
(m4):
(m4):
0.0101
0.1375
0.125
0.0001154585
0.000099524
0.0001601964

0.0101
0.1375
0.125
230
10
255
10
275
Top chord.ND-3
250
(m4):
(m4):
0.0001154585
0.000099524
0.0001601964
230
8
Cross Sectional Area (m 2)
C.g. distance from bottom (m)
C.g. distance from left (m)
8
x
234
Vertical Member.
100
y
IX-X (m4)
0.00003198
IY-Y (m4)
0.00000134
0.00000007
Torsional Constant (m4)
100
0.0035
0.1250
0.0500
Zt (m3)
0.0003
Zb (m3)
0.0003
ZLeft (m3)
0.0000
ZRight (m3)
0.0000

234
8
250
Diagonal Member.
250
(m4):
(m4):

234
0.0077
0.125
0.125
0.00007567
0.00007567
0.0001133799

465.2
IX-X (m4)
17.4
150
Y
2-ISA50x50x6
Face to face
with
20 mm
gap in between
150
8
y
8
x
0.0003829
0.0000098
0.00000058
Zt (m3)
0.0015
Zb (m3)
0.0015
ZLeft (m3)
0.0001
ZRight (m3)
0.0001
(m4):

Ix-y (tortional constant)
150
0.0001136
0.00000
0.03780
0.00000026
(m4):
0.00000256
0.00010
0.00000
zt (m3):
0.00001
zb (m3):
0.00000

0.0043
0.1250
0.0750
IX-X (m4)
0.0000437
IY-Y (m4)
0.0000045
0.00000008
0.0096
0.2500
0.0750
IY-Y (m4)

(2-22 hole on each leg)
234
Top Main Transverse Member.
17.4
9.4
Top & Bottom Bracing Member.
Bottom Transverse chord.(ISMB 500)
150
y
Zt (m3)
0.0003
Zb (m3)
0.0003
ZLeft (m3)
0.0001
ZRight (m3)
0.0001
Design Of Bottom Transverse Member

0.925 m
6.412 kn
10.87 dead load

4.313 SIDL
6.412 kn
6 m
DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS
1
I)
ii)
iii)
iv)
2
I)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Load calculation.
Due to deck slab=
=0.23182*2.5*1.875*10
Due to kerb & railing =
=2.461*1.875+0.454*1.875
Due to future overlay=
=0.1*1.875*2.3*10
Using ISMB550 as member=
Moment calculation
Moment due to dead load=
=10.866563*6*6/8
Moment due to Railing & Kerb=
=5.465*(6/2-0.925)
Moment due to overlay butemen=
=4.3125*6*6/8
Moment due to ISMB550
=1.037*6*6/8
10.8665625
5.465625
4.3125
1.037
kn/m
kn
kn/m
kn/m
48.8995313
11.3411719
19.40625
4.6665
knm
knm
knm
knm
LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

64.04 kn
64.04 kn
520
A
Reaction at A=Ra=
1560
B
6 m
=64.04(2.98+5.06)/6
Moment at mid span=
85.8136 KNM
263.785883 knm
Load combination
1 Dead load + Deck Load=
2 SIDL+LL=
53.5660313 knm
294.533305 knm
Only steel member

Z required=
357106.875 mm3
357.106875 cm3
Using ISMB 550

Zxx=
Check for only steel member
Calculated bending compression stress=
Calculated bending tension stress=
Check for composite section
Stress at level1
Stress at level4
2359.8 cm3
22.70 Mpa
22.70 Mpa
Hence ok
Hence ok
5.4889317 Mpa
-96.334557 Mpa
Hence ok
Hence ok
Calculation of section properties

Modular ratio(m):
Creep Factor(Kc):
10
0.5
Moduar ratio for permanent loadings(mp):
20
Moduar ratio for transient loadings(mt):
10
Sectional Properties of Top Chord:

Member Profile:
0 200
3.0
Basic Property of ISMC 225:

(refer IS:808-1989)
Sectional Area (A):
IXX :
2694.6 cm4
CYY :
2.3 cm
25.9 cm
IYY :
Thickness of Flange (Av.), tf =
187.2 cm4
12.4 mm
Thickness of Web, tw =
6.4 mm
For Steel Only Case:

Area of Top Chord:
(25.9*2*100-2*12.4*22-2*2*6.4*22)/10^6 =
(Assuming 2-22 hole on the web & 1-22 hole on top flanges of the channels)
C.g. Distance from top:
2*(2694.6*1e+04)/1e+012 =

2*(187.2*10000+25.9*100*(2.3*10+80)^2)/1e+012 =
For Composite (short term loading) Case:
Area of Top Chord:
0.0041+(2575/10*200)/10^6 =

(0.0041*(0.2+0.1)+(2575*200/10*200/2)/1e+09)/0.0555712 =
m = mt
180

0.000054+0.0040712*(0.2+0.1-0.115)^2+ (2575*200^3/12+(2575*200*(200/20.115*1000)^2))/10/1e+012 =
0.000059+((200*2575^3/12)/10)/1e+012 =
m = mp
For Composite (long term loading) Case:

Area of Top Chord:
0.00407+(2575*200+(6+0)/2*1)/(20*10^6) =
(0.0041*(0.2+0.1)+(200*2575*100)/20/1e+09)/0.0298 =
0.00005+0.0041*(0.2+0.1-0.12744)^2+((2575*200^3/12+2575*200*(127.44200/2)^2)/20)/1e+012 =
0.000059+((200*2575^3/12)/20)/1e+012 =
The other properties are calculated in line to above calculation & are tabulated as below:
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item
Steel only
2575
Cross cestional area (A) (m2):
0.00407
(2-22 hole on web, 1-22 hole on flange)
0.100
X
0
Top Chord
1 200

Ix-y (tortional constant) (m4):
0.000054
0.000059
0.0001
6
Y
2-ISMC225
Back to back
with
160 mm
gap in between
zt (m3):
0.0005
zb (m ):
0.0002
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item
Steel only

0.00407
0.100

0.000054
0.000059
0.0001
Bottom Chord
Y
2-ISMC225
Back to back
with
160 mm
gap in between
zt (m3):
0.0005
zb (m ):
0.0005

(2-22 hole on web)
0.00511
0.100
Y
Verticals

X
Y
2-ISMC200
Face to face
with
160 mm
edge to edge dist.

0.000036
0.000022
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0004
zb (m3):
0.0004
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item

(2-22 hole on web)
Diagonals
Y
2-ISMC150
Face to face
with
160 mm
edge to edge dist.

0.00511
0.100
0.000036
0.000022
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0004
zb (m ):
0.0004

(2-22 hole on web)
Bottom Bracing
Steel only
0.00057
0.004
Y
X
Y
ISMA 50x50x6
0.0000001
0.0000001
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.000036
zb (m ):
0.000003
Value
Transversals at locations other than Xbracings
Transversals at cross bracing location
Memb
er
Profile
Item

(2-22 hole on web)
Steel only
0.00370
0.075

zt (m3):
0.0002
zb (m ):
0.0002
Y
2-ISMC150
Back to back
with
20 mm
gap in between
0.000016
0.000006
0.0001

(2-22 hole on web)
0.00169
0.075
Y
X
ISMB150

0.000007
0.000001
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0001
zb (m3):
0.0001
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item
Transvers Diagonals

(2-22 hole on web)
Steel only
0.00140
0.075
ISMC150

0.000008
0.000001
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0001
zb (m ):
0.0001
* mt = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as mt

# mp = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as m p
2575
Y
X
0
180
0
Y
2-ISMC225
Back to back
0.0041 m2
0.1 m
0.000054 m4
0.000059 m4
0.0556 m2
0.115 m
0.000376 m4
0.028515 m4
0.0298 m2
0.127 m
0.000282 m4
0.014287 m4
e tabulated as below:
Value
mt
mp #
0.05557
0.02982
0.115
0.127
0.000376 0.000280
0.028515 0.014287
0.0001
0.0001
0.0033
0.0022
0.0008
0.0010
Value
mt
mp #
Value
mt
mp #
Value
mt
mp #
Value
mt
mp #
Calculation of Member properties

Composite Members
M20
25491.17 N/mm2
211000 N/mm2
Grade of Concrete =
E of Concrete =
E of Steel =
8.28
16.55
Modular Ratio for Short term loading =

Modular Ratio for Long term loading =
Member
Sectional Properties
Short Term = 8.28
(all in Steel units, except where specified otherwise)
Profile
200
1875
190
A
Level 1
x
8
19.3
515.6
11.2
Level 4
y
190
IX-X (m4)
0.0016
IY-Y (m4)
0.0177
0.00001
Z1 (m3) (in concrete units)
0.0537
0.2961
Z3 (m3)
0.0358
Z4 (m3)
0.0031
ZA (m3) (in concrete units)
0.1562
ZA (m3)
0.0189
ZB (m3)
0.1862
ZC (m3)
0.1862
Cross Sectional Area (m2)

0.0455
0.4858
0.3788
IX-X (m4)
0.0015
IY-Y (m4)
0.0045
0.00001
0.0437
0.1580
Z3 (m3)
0.0191
Z4 (m3)
0.0030
ZA1 (m3) (in concrete units)
0.0595
ZA3 (m3)
0.0072
ZB (m3)
0.0211
ZC (m3)
0.0211
ZD (m3)
0.0112
ZE (m3)
0.0112
19.3
937.5
y
Level 1
190
200
70
19.3
x
515.6
Level 2 & Level 3
11.2
Transverse Girders (Type 2)
0.0734
0.0131
0.5179
0.9375
& Level 3
Transverse Girders (ISMB 550)
Level 2

Area steel only(m2)
Level 4
190
19.3
y
ZF3 (m3)
0.0119
ZF1 (m3) (in concrete units)
0.0987
Long Term = 16.55

Area steel only(m2)
0.0508
0.0131
0.3389
0.9375
IX-X (m4)
0.0015
IY-Y (m4)
0.0111
0.000002

0.0585
0.1108
Z3 (m3)
0.0067
Z4 (m3)
0.0044
ZA (m3) (in concrete units)
0.1952
ZA (m3)
0.0118
ZB (m3)
0.1163
ZC (m3)
0.1163

0.0333
0.4513
0.3332
IX-X (m4)
0.0013
IY-Y (m4)
0.0032
0.000002

0.0697
0.1955
Z3 (m3)
0.0118
Z4 (m3)
0.0029
ZA1 (m3) (in concrete units)
0.0793
ZA3 (m3)
0.0048
ZB (m3)
0.0192
ZC (m3)
0.0192
ZD (m3)
0.0090
ZE (m3)
0.0090
ZF3 (m3)
0.0097
ZF1 (m3) (in concrete units)
0.1605
3.0
Calculation of section properties

Modular ratio(m):
Creep Factor(Kc):
10
0.5
Moduar ratio for permanent loadings(mp):
20
Moduar ratio for transient loadings(mt):
10
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item
Steel only
2575
0.00858
0.059
Top Chord
1 200
Y
1/2-ISMB500
Top Fl. Width =
Top Fl. thickness =
Web Thickness =
with
260
plate on top
180 mm
17 mm
10.2 mm
x 20 thk
Bottom Chord
0.000048
0.000038
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0008
zb (m3):
0.0002

0.00893
0.248
Y
1/2-ISMB600
Top Fl. Width =

210 mm
Top Fl. thickness =

21 mm
12.0 mm
Web Thickness =
with
210 x 16 thk
plate on bottom

0.000081
0.000028
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0003
zb (m3):
0.0012
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item

(2-22 hole on web)
Steel only
0.00395
0.100
Verticals
Y
200NB (Heavy)
Tube
Diagonals
Y
2-ISA130x130x15
Face to face
with
20 mm
gap in between
0.000022
0.000022
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0002
zb (m3):
0.0002

(2-22 hole on each leg)


0.00434
0.038
0.000011
0.000022
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.0003
zb (m3):
0.0001
Value
Memb
er
Profile
Item
Steel only
Bottom Bracing

(1-22 hole on web)
0.004
Y
ISMA 50x50x6
Transversals at cross bracing location
0.00044

1.29E-07
1.29E-07
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.000036
zb (m3):
0.000003
Cross cestional area (A)

C.g. distance from top
(m2):
(m):
0.00101
0.033
Y
65NB (Heavy)
Tube

0.000001
0.000001
0.0001
zt (m3):
2.00E-05
zb (m ):
2.00E-05
Value
Transvers Diagonals
Transversals at locations other than Xbracings
Memb
er
Profile
Item

(2-22 hole on web)
Steel only
0.00101
0.033
Y
65NB (Heavy)
Tube

0.000001
0.000001
0.0001
zt (m3):
2.00E-05
zb (m3):
2.00E-05

(1-22 hole on web)
0.00136
0.003
Y
ISA 100x100x8

0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0001
zt (m3):
0.000526
zb (m3):
0.000015
* mt = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as mt

# mp = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as mp
erties
Value
mt
mp #
0.06008
0.03433
0.123
0.140
0.000405
0.028494
0.0001
0.000296
0.014266
0.0001
0.0033
0.0021
0.0012
0.0009
Value
mt
mp #
Value
mt
mp #
Value
mt
mp #
4.0
Load Calculation
4.1
Selfweight of truss
Selfweight of the truss is inserted in the analysis through the use of "SELFWEIGHT" command of
STAAD. However, the total load is increased by 7% to take care of the gussets, joints & variation
in member weights due to rolling margin, which otherwise is not accounted for.
4.2
Dead Load due to deck

The deck is proposed to be cast after erection of the trusses and all bracings in place.
The weight of the deck concrete thus will be carried by the two truss only.
Running thickness of the deck:
200 mm
Additional thickness at the center for cross slope at deck:
53.125 mm
Integral Wearing Coarse :
12 mm
So, average (weighted) thickness of deck:
231.82 mm
So, Weight of the deck on the truss in running portion:

231.82*/2000**10 =
14.92 kN/m
load on each transverse girder due to deck slab=
=2.5*231.82*2.5*10/1000
14.49 kN/m
Superimposed Dead Load

a. Due to kerb
425
225
4.3
0.5*(0.45+0.425)*0.225**10 =
2.461 kN/m
450
b. Due to Railing
1.
1200 LONG ISMC 150 @ 1000c/c
2.
4 Nos 65NB (Medium) Pipe
1.2*16.4*10/1000 =
4*6.42*10/1000 =
Total
0.197 kN/m
0.257 kN/m
0.454 kN/m
c. Due to Future Overlay of Bituminous Wearing Coarse

=2.50*2.3*0.1*10
Net Load :
5.750+0.454+2.461 =
5.75 kN/m
8.665 kN/m
Page 31 of 63
4.4
Live Load
Since the other type of loads in 24R category are lesser in total weight & they are spread out over larger
spaces also, we are considering 24R Tracked Vehicle only for live load actions, as this shall produce the most
severe actions.
Live will be generated and applied for one lane Class 24R vehicle within the STAAD analysis on the top
chord only.
Impact factor:
(refer IRC:6-2000 cl.211.2 and figure 5.)
4.5
1.154
Seismic Load
6.
Calculation of Actions Due To Seismic Load
6.01
Arunachal Pradesh Section is in Seismic Zone
Type of Soil
Ah
Medium Soil
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

(Z/2)*(Sa/g)/(R/I)
0.18
Vertical Seismic Coefficient
0.09
Zone factor
0.36
Importance factor
Response reduction factor
2.5
Sa/g
Average response acceleration coefficient

(depending upon fundamental time period T)
2.5
Fundamental Time Period

2.0*sqrt(D/1000F)
0.33
sec
Horizontal Force in KN required to be applied

at the centre of the superstructure for 1mm
deflection at the top of pier/abutment
(6EI/L3)
68.7
Deflection at the top of Pier/abutment
Moment of Inertia of the Pier/Abutment

(()*d4/64)
0.785
m4
Diameter of the Pier/Abutment
2.0
Grade of Concrete for Pier/Abutment
M20
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

5700*sqrt(fck) as per IRC:18,2000 Cl:10.2
25491.17 Mpa
3.15E+06 t/m^2
Av
mm
Page 32 of 63
Height of the Pier/Abutment above Fixity Level
6.000
Appropriate Dead Load of the Superstructure

and Live Load
1884.69
TOTAL LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE

Top Chord :
Bottom Chord :
Verticals :
Diagonals :
Vertical Short Member :
Vertical Short Diagonal Member :
Transversals (Bottom):
Transversals (Top):
Top Bracings :
Total Steel Work:
Add 7% for gussets &
Connections :
Gross Weight :
63.428
63.428
29.436
99.993
13.082
39.997
112.956
18.109
1.466
441.895
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
30.933
kN
472.828
kN
Deck Slab :
kerb, railing :
Wearing course overlay :
Refer sectional area of

corresponding member given in
Property Calculation page
0.23182***40*10 =
477.556 kN
(2.461+0.4536)*40 *2=
233.163 kN
11.2786726358056*40 = 451.14691 kN
Total Weight of the Structure Including SIDL:

Total Weight of the Structure Excluding SIDL:
472.83+477.56 =
1634.694 kN
950.384 kN
Page 33 of 63
Live load arrangement on deck during earthquake:

3660
3660
25t
25t
30
40000
Maximum live load on the deck =
So, Live load on the bridge for seismic case:
2*25 =
50 t
0.5*50*10 =
250 KN
0.18*(1,634.69+250) =
339.24 kN
339.24/32 =
10.60/2 =
10.60 kN
5.30 kN
So, net horizontal seismic force:
So, seismic force on interior nodes:

and that on end nodes:
(Since the main contributor to this load is the concrete deck slab, so the force will be imposed on
the mathematical model on the bottom chord nodes only)
Page 34 of 63
Wind Load (according to IRC:6-2000):

Note:-Assuming height of formation level from river bed =20.m
Wind load on the structure :
Minimum bed level=
Formation level=
20.00m
Hieght of formation level from river bed :

Depth of Slab :
Depth of bottom Girder :
200 mm
350 mm
Depth of top Girder :

Depth of vertical member:
Depth of diagonal member:
350 mm
100 mm
300 mm
136.00 kM/H
139.6 kM/H
Wind Speed at deck level :

Wind Speed at a height of 23.00from bed level :
Wind Speed at a height of 26.0m from bed level :
143 kM/H
So, Wind force on the deck =
0.065 t/m
& Wind force on top girder:
0.048 t/m
Wind Force
Height from river bed
20.00m
0.042 t/m
(on
23.00m
0.013 t/m
(on
23.00m
0.041 t/m
(on
26.00m
0.048 t/m
(on
26.00m
0.014 t/m
(on
26.00m
0.041 t/m
(on
Wind load on exposed moving load (as per cl.212.4 of IRC:6-2000) :
=
=
300 kg/linear meter

0.3 t/linear meter
Pressure at that level:

0
20
119
126.5
136.6
the bottom chord)

vertical member)
diagonal member)
the top chord member)
vertical member)
diagonal member)
As wind speed is more than 130km/hr

no live load considered for wind load
analysis.
As per cl.212.6 of IRC:6-1966 minimum wind load on structure :
450
kg/linear meter
Page 35 of 63
7.2863
Page 36 of 63
Page 37 of 63
Page 38 of 63
Page 39 of 63
kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/m2
Page 40 of 63
5.0
Design of truss members
CL SYMM.
ND 103
5.1
ND 102
Recapitulation of member forces
(From STAAD Output)
(Sign Convention: +ve : Compression, Sagging Moment, -ve : Tension, Hogging Moment)
(Values corresponding to live load case are inclusive of impact factor)

a. Top Chord
Axial
Shear
Moment
Midspan
Support
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
ND 103
ND 102
ND 101
(kN)
(kN)
Selfweight of Truss
Deadweight of deck slab
Superimposed deadload
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Legend: 'ND' represents a segment, comprising of a "top chord", a "bottom chord", a
"diagonal" and a "vertical member". The vertical member to the left of panel is a
part of the segment under consideration.
ND 103
ND 102
ND 101
b. Bottom Chord
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Axial
Shear
(kN)
(kN)
Moment
Midspan
Support
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
ND 101
ND 103
Wind load
c. Long Verticals
Axial Forces in (kN)
ND 101
ND 102
ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
d. Long Diagonals
ND 101
ND 102
ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Shrinkage Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
e. Short Verticals
ND 101
ND 102
ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Shrinkage Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
e. Short Diagonals
ND 101
ND 102
ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Shrinkage Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
f. Transvarsals (at top)
ND 101
ND 102
ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
h. Top Bracings
ND 101
ND 102
ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
5.2
Calculation of Allowable Stresses

a. Top Chord.
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete:
5.0 MPa
(From IRC:21-2000 cl.303.1)
Permissible flexural compressive stress in concrete:
6.67 MPa
(From IRC:21-2000 cl.303.1)
Permissible axial tensile stress in concrete:
0.53 MPa
(From IRC:21-2000 cl.303.3)
Permissible stresses in steel

lxx =
lyy =
Effective length of member:

Radii of gyration :
Maximum slenderness ratio:
5625=
5625=
5625 mm
5625 mm
rxx =
106.92 mm
ryy =
99.27 mm
5625/99.3 =
56.67
Allowable stress in axial compression :
175.34 MPa
Allowable stress for axial tension :
234.00 MPa
Flexural compressive stress:

(in steel)
Since the top flange of the beam will be supported by the

concrete deck throughout its length, so the allowable
compressive stress shall be same as allowable tensile stress.
Allowable stress in bending tension:
241.80 MPa
Allowable stress for equivalent stress for combined actions:
358.80 MPa
Allowable average shear stress:

Allowable maximum shear stress:
148.20 MPa
167.70 MPa
b. Bottom Chord.
lxx =
lyy =
1875 mm
1875 mm
Radii of gyration :
rxx =
ryy =
106.92 mm
99.27 mm
Maximum slenderness ratio :
18.89
234.00 MPa
234.00 MPa
241.80 MPa
358.80 MPa

148.20 MPa
167.70 MPa
c. Verticals
Radii of gyration :
lxx =
6000 mm
rxx =
95.97 mm
ryy =
6000 mm
lyy =
19.67 mm
305.04
18.00 MPa
234.00 MPa
Allowable stress in bending compression:
241.80 MPa
241.80 MPa
358.80 MPa

148.20 MPa
167.70 MPa
d. Diagonals
Radii of gyration :
lxx =
4110.0 mm
lyy =
4110.0 mm
rxx =
ryy =
98.85 mm
98.85 mm
41.58
206.84 MPa
234.00 MPa
241.80 MPa
358.80 MPa

148.20 MPa
167.70 MPa
e Main Transversal at top

lxx =
lyy =
6000 mm
6000 mm
Radii of gyration :
rxx =
ryy =
32.49 mm
101.13 mm
184.66

32.60 MPa
234.00 MPa
f Bottom Transvarsals
lxx =
lyy =
6000 mm
Radii of gyration :
rxx =
199.80 mm
ryy =
31.99 mm
6000 mm
187.53
31.74 MPa

Allowable stress for bending compression tension :
234.00 MPa
257.40 MPa
I. Top Bracing Member.

Radii of gyration :

lxx =
4110 mm
lyy =
4110 mm
rxx =
ryy =
150.07 mm
47.66 mm
86.24
31.74 MPa
234.00 MPa
Note:-All the allowable stresses will be increased by 25% incase of wind load is considered and
40% when seismic load is considered.
7.0 Check for truss during construction stage

During construction, it is assumed that the 40% of the deck shall be supported by the top
chord of the truss & the rest by proper & adequet arrangement of propping from the top
transversals & bottom chord.
Additionaly, construction stage loading of 150kg/m2 is also considered.
Modified forces in the members:
Top Chord:
Axial
0.0
Moment
0.0
Shear
0.0
Weight of the green

concrete
0.0
0.0
0.0
=(2.6/2.5)*corresponding values
of member forces for deck
loading
=(1.5/2.5)*corresponding values
Construction Stage
Loading
0.0
0.0
0.0
of member forces for deck

loading
Selfweight
Other members will not be checked as they are already safe with much higher loads &
without any change in properties.
Allowable stresses in top chord:
Radii of gyration :
rxx =
ryy =
Maximum slenderness ratio:
lxx =
lyy =
2500
2500
(0.000/0.009)^0.5*1000 =
(0.00004/0.009)^0.5*1000 =
74.41
66.24
37.74
213.39 MPa
234.00 MPa
Calculation of allowable stress in bending compression:

c1 =
58.9 mm
c2 =
191.1 mm
D=
250 mm
T=
17.2 mm
l=
2125 mm
ry =
66.2 mm
k1 =
1.0
k2 =
=
0.005
-1
Y= = 26.5*10^5/(2125/66.2)^2 =
2575
X = = 2575*sqrt(1+(2125/20)*((2125*17.2)/(66.2*250))^2) =
58642
fcb = = 1*(58642-1*2575)*(59/191) =
17264
Allowable stress in bending compression:
164.00
241.80

148.20
167.70
Actual Stresses:
Axial:
(0.0+0.0+0.0)/(0.0086*1000) =
0.00
Flexural Tension :
Flexural Comp. :
(0.00+0.00+0.00)/(-0.0002*1000) =
(0.00+0.00+0.00)/(0.0008*1000) =
0.00
0.00
Shear:
(0.00+0.00+0.00)/(0.00858496*1000) =
0.00
Net Stresses:
(max)
(min)
0.00
0.00
All stresses are within the allowable limit.
0.00+0.00 =
0.00+0.00 =
Hence, OK.
be supported by the top

f propping from the top
.5)*corresponding values
ber forces for deck
.5)*corresponding values
ber forces for deck
much higher loads &
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
6.2*250))^2) =
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
DESIGN OF CONNECTION
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
1) BOTTOM CHORD
Area of bottom chord=
Maximum force carried by the member=
No of bolts required=
Provide=
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
2) TOP CHOTD
Area of top chord=
Maximum force carried by the top chord=
Provide=
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
3) VERTICAL MEMBER
Area of vertical member=
Maximum force carried by the vertical member=
Provide=
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
4) VERTICAL DIAGONAL MEMBER
Area of vertical diagonal member=
Maximum force carried by the diagonal member=
Provide=
20
3.4
6.8
0.0101
244.218
36.2
32
20
3.4
6.8
0.0101
177
26
28
20
3.4
6.8
0.003472
81.2448
12
10
20
3.4
6.8
0.007744
160
24
22
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
5) TOP MAIN TRANSVERSE MEMBER.
Area of transverse member=
Maximum force carried by the transverse member=
Provide=
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
6) BOTTOM TRANSVERSE MEMBER.
Provide=
Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
7) TOP BRACING MEMBER.
Provide=
20
3.4
6.8
0.00427
14
2
4
20
3.4
6.8
0.00959288
91.13236
13
14
20
3.4
6.8
0.0001136
2.65824
0.3938
4
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
7.0
Design of end cross girder for jack-up condition
It is assumed that the superstructure will be needed to be lifted off the bearing for bear
replacement. The jacks shall be placed below the transverse member at the end. For this purpo
the location of these jacks alongwith their capacity shall have to be engraved on the locat
proposed.
1) Reaction on each each bearing=
409
KN
centre line.
409
kn
6 m
409 kn
0.45
A
B
5.1 m
Design of end cross girder.

a)
b)
c)
d)
Reaction on each bearing.

Support moment=
Maximium mid span moment=
Maximum shear force=
409
184
184
409
Zxx required for the section=
kn
knm
knm
kn
760559 mm3
Using ISMB 550 as end cross girder.

Zxx of the girder=
2359800 mm3
Now maximum bending tensional stress=

Now maximum compression stress=
78 mpa
78 mpa
Hence provide ISMB 500 as end cross girder.

Dia of bolt=
Bolt capacity
Singel shear=
Double shear=
20 mm
3.4 ton
6.8 ton
Maximum shear force of the member=

No of bolts required
Provide 8nos bolt.
409 kn
41 ton
6.05 nos
e bearing for bearing

end. For this purpose
aved on the location
8.0
Connection Design
a. Splicing of 300x300x12 box used as top chord.
C/s Area:
101 cm2
Reduction for holes:
28*2.2*12 =
Net Area:
73.92 cm2
138.24-73.92 =
27.08 cm2
Allowable stress in compression in the BOX:
175.34 MPa
So, total maximum load that the section can take :

64.32*100*137.45/1000 =
474.8095 kN
Assuming the BOLT shall all be site installed. So, the allowable stresses for bolts are (as
per IRC:24-2001):
in shear:
in bearing:
0.33*250 =
0.67*250 =
82.5 MPa
167.5 MPa
So, bolt resistance in double shear = 2*82.5*/4*222/1000 = 62.72 kN

& in bearing
=167.5*12*22/1000 = 44.22 kN
So, bolt value:
No. of bolts required:
44.22 kN
474.809451207655/44.22 =
10.7 Nos.
20 Nos.
say
Thickness of the cover plate required = 6432/(1200-26*2.2) = 8.00mm on both side.

So, provide 12mm thick cover plate on both side..
b. Splicing of 300x300x12 box used as bottom chord.
C/s Area:
101 cm2
Reduction for holes:
32*2.2*12 =
Net Area:
84.48 cm2
138.24-84.48 =
16.52 cm2
Allowable stress in tension in the BOX:
234.00 MPa
So, total maximum load that the section can take :

53.76*100*150/1000 =
386.568 kN
Assuming the BOLT shall all be site installed. So, the allowable stresses for bolts are (as
per IRC:24-2001):
in shear:
in bearing:
0.33*250 =
0.67*250 =
82.5 MPa
167.5 MPa
So, bolt resistance in double shear = 2*82.5*/4*222/1000 = 62.72 kN

& in bearing
=167.5*12*22/1000 = 44.22 kN
So, bolt value:
No. of bolts required:
44.22 kN
386.568/44.22 =
say
8.7 Nos.
20 Nos.
The arrangement of bolts (using 4 bolts in one row) in the joint

Thickness of the cover plate required =5376/(1200-32*22) = 8mm.plate on both side.
So, provide 10mm thick cover plate on both side..
Axial compression (Table 11.1 of IRC:24-2001)

Fy =
250
340
400
Bending compression (Table 8.2 of IRC:24-2001)

fy
250
340
fcb
l = l/r
10
150
204
239
20
13
13
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
148
145
139
132
122
112
101
90
80
72
64
57
51
45
41
37
33
30
28
25
23
21
20
18
201
194
183
168
152
135
118
103
90
79
69
61
54
48
43
38
34
31
28
26
24
22
20
18
235
225
210
190
168
147
127
109
94
82
71
62
55
49
43
39
35
31
28
26
24
22
20
19
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
19
25
31
36
41
46
51
55
60
64
67
71
74
78
81
84
87
89
92
94
96
99
101
103
104
106
108
110
111
113
114
115
117
118
119
120
121
122
124
126
128
130
131
133
134
135
136
137
19
26
31
37
43
48
54
59
64
68
73
77
81
85
89
93
97
100
103
106
110
113
115
118
121
123
126
128
130
133
135
137
139
141
143
144
146
148
151
154
157
159
162
164
166
168
170
172
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
152
153
154
155
156
157
157
158
158
159
160
160
161
161
161
162
163
163
163
163
164
174
175
177
178
180
181
182
184
185
186
188
191
193
195
196
198
199
200
203
205
206
208
209
210
211
212
213
215
216
216
217
218
219
220
221
221
222
ression (Table 8.2 of IRC:24-2001)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
k1
0.9
0.8
11473613
0.5
0.4
22947226
0
-0.2
0.5
190
225
210
168
210
190
175.34
213.39
206.84
239
235
235.44
400
13
19
26
32
38
44
49
55
60
65
70
75
80
84
89
93
97
102
105
109
112
116
119
122
126
129
132
135
137
140
143
145
148
150
152
155
157
159
161
165
169
172
175
178
181
184
187
189
192
k2
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
Axial stress: (top chord)

50
60
30
40
40
50
Axial stress: (bottom chord)
10
20
Axial stress: (tension tie)
Bending compression (tension tie):

6000
0
164
6000
0
164
Axial compression (truss):
250
0
18
Bending compression (truss):
6000
0
222
Axial compression (bracing):
10
20
204
180
190
34
180
190
34
60
70
152
Bending compression (bracing):
Bending compression (truss):
6000
0
222
0 -1790.2719
0 -143.87455
0
-81.07
0 86.065404
201
31
31
135
201.51
32.60
31.74
142.46
0 -1249.0755
194
196
198
200
202
204
205
207
208
210
213
216
219
222
224
226
228
230
233
236
238
240
242
243
245
246
248
250
251
252
253
255
257
258
259
259
260
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

Steel Truss Bridge Design Example

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Steel Truss Bridge Design Example

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1.

Basic Design Data:

Top chord bracings

Simply supported N type trusses (2 sets)

Bottom chord bracing :

Crash barrier width

Total clear width of structure

Wearing coarse thickness

Cross fall on roadway

Minimum depth of slab

Density of wearing coarse

Yeild Stress of Steel

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel

Modulus of Elasticity of Conc.

Coefficient of thermal expansion

For class 25t tracked vehicle, impact factor

elling using STAAD-Pro

Design of Through Steel Bridge

Ix-x (I about x-axis)

Iy-y (I about y-axis)

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Ix-x (I about x-axis)

Iy-y (I about y-axis)

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4):

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4):

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Ix-x (I about x-axis)

Iy-y (I about y-axis)

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Ix-x (I about x-axis)

Iy-y (I about y-axis)

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Torsional Constant (m4)

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Ix-x (I about x-axis)

Iy-y (I about y-axis)

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4):

Cross Sectional Area (m 2)

Torsional Constant (m4)

Ix-x (I about x-axis)

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4):

Cross Sectional Area (m 2)

Torsional Constant (m4)

Cross sectional area (A) (m2):

Top Main Transverse Member.

Top & Bottom Bracing Member.

Bottom Transverse chord.(ISMB 500)

Design Of Bottom Transverse Member

10.87 dead load

LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Moment at mid span=

Only steel member

Using ISMB 550

Calculation of section properties

Moduar ratio for permanent loadings(mp):

Moduar ratio for transient loadings(mt):

Sectional Properties of Top Chord: