Q.

N.
I

II

Note: - Attempt only five questions, selecting at least one question from each unit.
Assume any missing data
UNIT -1
(a) Differentiate between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary types of measurements. Cite suitable
examples for each case.
(b) Describe with examples the applications of Measurement systems.
(a) What are the different sources of errors in the measurements and measuring instruments? Explain.
(b) Define the following terms:
(i)
Repeatability (ii) Accuracy (iii) Hysteresis (iv) Drift
UNIT II

III

MM

10
10
10
10
20

Show that, when a step input is applied to a first order system, the output reaches 0.63 of the step value
after time equal to time constant of the system.
A thermometer has been suddenly plunged into a steaming water bath whose temperature remains steady
at 1000 C. It takes 10 seconds for the thermometer to reach the equilibrium condition which occurs at five
time constant (t = 5). Calculate the time constant and the time taken by the thermometer to indicate half
of the temperature difference. The initial thermometer temperature can be considered to be zero.
IV

20
The following data are expected to follow a linear relationship of the form y = ax+b. Obtain the best
linear relation in accordance with a least square analysis. Calculate the standard deviation of the data
from the result.

0.9

2.3

1.1

1.6

3.3

4.5

5.7

6.7

2.6
3.2
4.0
5.0
UNIT III
(a) Describe the principle of operation of a piezo-electric transducer. Identify the input and output of the
system.
(b) Mention some natural and synthetic materials that exhibit piezo-electric effect.
(c) Explain why it is desirable that piezo-electric transducers should be used for the measurement of
dynamic quantities only

VI

10
5
5
10

(a) What are Proving rings? Explain how they can be used for measurement of force using a vibrating
reed and a micrometer.

10

(b) What are Load cells? Explain the working of Load cell using strain gauges.
UNIT IV
VII

20
What do you mean by Transfer function?

VIII

20

Write a short notes on:

a) Pneumatic nozzle
b) Hydraulic pump

Q.
N.
I

II

Note: - Attempt only five questions, selecting at least one question from each unit.
Assume any missing data
UNIT -1
(a) Distinguish between the direct and indirect methods of measurement. Cite examples to support your
answer.
(b) Explain the analog and digital modes of operation of instruments. Explain how the resolution of
digital instruments can be increased?
(a) What are gross, systematic and random errors? Illustrate with suitable examples.
(b) Define the following terms:
(ii)
Precision (ii) Sensitivity (iii) backlash (iv) Resolution
UNIT -II

III

MM

10
10
10
10
20

The period of the input signal is stated to decrease, i.e., the frequency increases. Will the magnitude of
output signal increase or decreases? And will the phase angle (lag) of the system normally increase or
decrease?
A thermometer with a time constant of 50 seconds has been used for measuring temperature cycling with
500 s time period. Calculate the amplitude attenuation (ratio of output to input), the phase angle and the
corresponding time lag.
IV

20
From the following data, obtain y as linear function of x using method of least square.

1.2

2.0

2.4

3.5

3.5

1.0

1.6

3.4

4.0

5.2

Also calculate the standard deviation of the data from the result.

UNIT III
V

15
(a) Describe the principle of operation of linear variable differential transformer. State its advantages,
disadvantages and application. Identify the input and output of the system and sketch the typical
input-output graph.

05

(b) Discuss some adhesive along with their properties used in making of strain gauge.
VI
(a) Describe the method of measuring torque of rotating shafts using strain gauges.

08
12

(b) Explain how elastic sensing elements can be used for measurement of force. Describe their salient
features, advantages and limitations. Cite suitable examples.
UNIT IV
VII

20
What do you mean by Transfer function?

VIII

20

Write a short notes on:

a) Hydraulic fluid characteristics
b) Hydraulic control v/s Pneumatic control