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Cells

Cells are the basic unit of all living things.


IF IT IS ALIVE, IT HAS CELLS!
Cell Theory:

1. All living things come from cells.


2. All cells come from other cells.
3. All cells contain the heredity information of
the organism of which they are a part of.

Cells
Living

things are made of

cells!
Cells.
Produce waste
Make new cells
Take in nutrients

The Wacky History of Tell


Theory- Ted Talk
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Two Types of Cells


Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

No Nucleus

Has a Nucleus

This is a prokaryotic cell


Is a single celled organism that does
not have a nucleus or membrane
bound organelles.
Its DNA is locked in the cytoplasm.

Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells (there are more)


What organelles do they have in common?

Vacuoles

Animal Cell Facts


Alive!
Eukaryotic
Compose multicellular organisms
Reproduction:

Mitosis (Asexual)
Meiosis (sexual)

Food: Heterotrophs

Cellular Respiration
Fermentation

You are made of animal cells!

Plant Cell facts


Alive!
Eukaryotic
Compose Multicellular organisms
Reproduction;

Mitosis (asexual)
Sexual by spores, cones or pollination

Food: Autotrophs

Photosynthesis

Square shape, need help from


mitochondria for photosynthesis

Cell Differentiation

Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to


doit is specialized.

I am a
heart cell!

I am a
skin cell

Im a
Prison
Cell!

Cell Organelles and their


Functions

When you hear the new vocabulary,


just think of a TURTLE!

Cell Wall
Cell Walls are only in plant cells
They make the cell strong and rigid
They are like a turtles shell (but only
plants have themthats why grass
stands straight up!)

Cell Membrane
The cell membrane holds the cell
together and allows nutrients into the
cell.
Its just like a turtles skin - the cell
membrane is on the edge of a cell.

Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the watery gel (Jello!)
inside a cell.its goop! It holds the
ORGANelles.
Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and
other liquids.

Nucleus

The nucleus controls the cell.


It is the largest organelle in the cell and
contains the cells DNA.
The nucleus is like the turtles brain.

Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus is another organelle


called the nucleolus.
It is responsible for making ribosomes.
It is similar to all the neuron pathways inside
a turtles brain.

Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane allows
substances to pass in and out of the
nucleus.
It surrounds the nucleus (the brain) like
the turtles skullprotects it.

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and


are made of genes (DNA).
Genes decide the cells traits and activities
(heart cell, eye cell - such as color).

Mitochondria

Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy


from food (Cellular Respiration).
Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria.
There are more mitochondria in cells that have to
perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells.
Other cells need less energy to do their work and have
less mitochondria.
Mitochondria is like a turtles stomach.

Vacuoles
Vacuoles are spaces in the
cytoplasm (gel) where food and
chemicals are stored
Its like fat on a turtle

I am NOT
fatIm
just a little
plump!!

Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm


of the cell and is a place where proteins and lipids are
made.
It helps to move materials around the cell
The rough ER is covered in ribosomes and is located near
the nucleus. It makes many of the cells proteins
The smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxic
materials.
It is much like the blood vessels throughout a turtle.

Golgi Apparatus

It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for


sorting and correctly shipping the proteins
produced in the ER.
The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membranecovered sacs.
They also package proteins to be moved out of
the cell.
Its like the liver of a turtle.

Vesicles

It is a small sac that surrounds material


to be moved into or out of a cell

Ribosomes

Organelles that make proteins (Protein Synthesis).


Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most
are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While
attached to the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the
cell needs and also ones to be exported from the cell for
work elsewhere in the body.

Lysosomes
Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling
compartment.
Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help
break down food molecules, wastes, and worn out
cell parts.
Its similar to the turtles digestive system!
The
lysosomes are
stained RED!

Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are only in plant cells
They contain chlorophyll, which helps
make energy/food from sunlight
Chlorophyll is green in color.

Im
greendo I
have
chloroplasts?

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