15

VOCABULARY BUILDING II
Meeting II
The following diagram is description of understanding vocabularies.
Derivation Forms
VERB
a. en, ize, fy, ate, (as
suffixes)
b. en or be ( as
prefixes).

Example :

deepen, colonize,
beautify,
differentiate,
enlarge, befriend

NOUN

ADJECTIVE

a. condition :
age, al, ance, or ence,
(e) ry, ment, t, tion or
sion, ure
b. People
ant, or ent, er or or, or
eer, (i) an, or, arian, ist
c. Gerund
d. Adjective to Noun
ity, ness, th.
e. Noun forms adjective
ence
f. Concrete to abstract
hood, ism, ship
Example :

marriage, weight,
arrival, allowance,
persistence, bribery,
arrangement,
deviation, failure,
defendant, attendant,
manager, governor,
auctioneer, activity,
beauty, happiness,
warmth, intelligence,
brilliance, Child hood,
heroism, friendship

a. Noun To Adjective:
al, ar, ary, eq, en,
esque, ful, licial,
istic, less, like, ly,
ous, word, wide, y

ADVERB
Making Adverbs:
Adjective + Ly

b. Verb to Adjective
able or, ible, ent or
ant, ed, ile, ing, ive,
at or y
c. Degree of comparison

Example :

Example :

Monumental, familiar,
elementary, talented
picturesque, painful,
beautiful,
historical,
Characteristic,
friendly, useless, life
like, famous, windy
Sensible, dependent,
frustrated, hostile
boring, attractive

Painfully,
beautifully etc.

Sentence :

Subject +
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.

to be +
Verb

O + Compl.(Adj) + Adv

She always beautifies herself every night.

I like her beauty.
She looks beautiful.
She sings a song very beautifully.

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Then, some elements stamp with the sentence.

SENTENCE

A
1. Noun
1. Linking 1. N
1. N
1. N
2. Noun Phr.
Verb
2. N. Phr.
2. N. Phr.
2. N.
Phr.
3. Noun Cl.
3. Noun Cl
3. Noun Cl.
3.Adv.
4. Pronoun
2. Trans. Verb.
4. Pronoun
4. Pronoun
4. Adv. Phr
5. Gerund
5. Gerund
5. Gerund
5. Adv. Cl
6. Gerund Phr.
6. Gerund Phr
6. Gerund Phr. 6. To Inf.
7. To Inf.
3. Intrns.Verb
7. To Inf.
7. To Inf.
7. To
Inf.Phr.
8. To Inf. Phr.
8. To Inf. Phr. 8. To Inf. Phr
8. Pres. Part.
9. Adj.
9.
Pres.Part.Pr.
10. Adj. Phr
10. Past Part.
11. Adj. Cl.
11.Past
Part.Pr.
12. Pres. Part.
12.Prep.
13. Prep.
13.Inf.Phr.
14. Prep. Phr.

*Verb.Linking
1. Aux.Verb
To Be

: IS
Was
Am Were
Are
Be
1. Special Verbs :
Appear
Become
Feel
Get
Go
Grow

*Transitive Verbs

Keep
Look
Remain
Seem
Sound
Smell

Turn

Taste

: Verb yang memerlukan suatu Object

*Intransitive Verbs : Verb yang tidak perlu suatu Object

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SENTENCE

Unsur-Unsur Subject:
a. Noun
Noun Phr.
b. Pronoun
c. Gerund
G. Phrase
d. To Inf
To Inf Phrase
e. Noun clause

:Raflesia is a flower.
:A big, beautiful flower is Raflesia
:
:
:
:

She is very charming.

Sleeping is my hobby.
Sleeping in a spring bed is comfortable
To sleep s a need
: To know me is to love me.
: What he dreams becomes the truth.

Unsur-unsur Object : Kata kerjanya harus transitive verb.

1. Noun
: He loves animals
Noun Phrase
: He gives a beautiful flower to her
2.
Pronoun
: She saw me yesterday
3.
Gerund
: We finish studying
G. Phrase
: John loves reading English very much
4.
To Inf.
: I want to study
To inf phrase
: She likes to read novels
5. Noun Clause
: I know that you are proud
Setiap clause mesti punya subject and verb baik Ind. Clause / pun sub
clause

SENTENCE

UNSUR-UNSUR
Complement :
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a. Noun
N. Phrase
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
Adj. Phrase
d. Preposition
Prep. Phrase
e. Gerund
G. phrase
f. To Inf .
To Inf. Phrase
g. Present Part
Present Part. Phrase
h. Past part
Past Part Phrase
i.
Adj. Clause
yesterday
j.
Adv. Clause
studying
k.
Noun Clause
money

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

African is black
She is a very intelligent student
It is I / me
I am sick
: My bone Is very painful
: He is off now
Jane was at home
He remains reading
He remains reading a magazine
My hobby is to swim
My hobby is to swim in to river
: I saw them Laughing
I saw them catching apples
The girl seems Offended
The girl seems very offended
: She is whom I met
: The next is after you finish
: The question is how he will get

* Remember : After linking verb harus diikuti dengan

complement
Unsur-unsur point a - k
Perhatikan point G Laughing dan eating apples di sebut
object complement artinya complement yang melengkapi
object yaitu them.
Contoh lain : I find it difficult .She makes me crazy

SENTENCE

Unsur-Unsur Adverb.
a.
b.

Noun
N.Phrase
morning.
Adverb
Adderb Phr.

: When will you go home?

: I will go home
: Lydia well.
: Reni perfectly well.
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after

tomorrow

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c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Preposition
Prep. Phr.
To inf.
To inf. Phr.
Present Part.
Pres. Part. Phr.
Past Part.
Past. Part. Phr.
Adverb Clause

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

They stay inside.

Ery lives in front of the campus.
I was born to win
I come here to teach you.
: The went sailing yesterday.
She came crying her fathers death.
Painted, the house looks nice.
Brought by the crazy man, the son cried.
I come late because I got a traffic Jam.

* Remember : Setelah Kata Kerja Intransitive tidak boleh diikuti

dengan object tepatnya diikuti dengan adverb.
NOUN
Derivational form of noun
1. Suffixes changing verb to noun
a. Menyatakan kondisi : age, al, ance, or ence, (e) ry, ment, t,
tion or
sion, ure.
Ex : marriage, weight, arrival, allowance, persistence,
bribery,
arrangement, deviation, failure, etc.
b. Menyatakan orang : ant, or ent, er or or, or eer, (i) an, or,
arian, ist.
Ex : defendant, attendant, manager, governor, auctioneer,
etc.
c. Bentuk gerund
2. Ending distinguishing noun from verb
Verb
Believe
Prove
Live
Defend

Noun
belief
Proof
Life
Defence

3. Adj to noun : ity, ness, th.

Ex : activity, happiness, warmth.
4. Suffixes distinguishing noun form Adj
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Ex

: Intelligent
Brilliant

intelligence
brilliance

5. From concrete nouns to abstract noun : hood, ism, and ship.

Ex : Child hood, heroism, friendship, etc.

WHAT IS NOUN CLOUSE?

N.C Is a sub-clause that consists of a subject and predicate That
function as noun it self.(N.C adalah anak kalimat yang terdiri dari
subject dan predicate yang fungsinya sebagai noun itu sendiri.)
1. N.C. Menggunakan Introductory conjunction
1. Question words
That
When Who/Whom
Where What
Why Which
How Whose
2. Fungsi N.C sebagai :
1. Subject
necessary.
2. Subject After It
be hospital.
3. Complement
hospital.
4. Object
5. Object of prep.
6. Appositive

2. Whether

3.

If

: That she had to be hospital was

: It was necessary that she had to
: My opinion was that she had to be
: He explained that an operation was
necessary.
: I think of what I said.
: His opinion that an operation was
necessary was right.

3. N.C. berasal dari :

a) Statement
She is sick : That she is sick is right.
b) A question
Expecting yes/no answer
Is she ill? : The problem is whether (if) she is ill (or not)
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Interrogative Question Words.

Where does she live? : I dont know where she lives.
c)
A request
Drink some aspirin: The doctor suggested that I have to drink
some aspirin.
d)
An exclamation
What a beautiful girl: We talked about what a beautiful girl
she is.

ADJECTIVE
Derivational Form of Adj.
1. Suffixes changing noun to Adj. : (al, ar, ary, eq, en, esque,
ful, licial,
istic, less, like, ly, ous, word, wide, y)
Ex
: Monumental, familiar, elementary, talented
picturesque, painful,
historical, Characteristically, useless, life like, famous,
windy, etc.
2. Suffixes changing verb to adj. : (able or, ible, ent or ant, ed,
ile, ing, ive, at or y).
Ex : Sensible, dependent, frustrated, hostile boring,
attractive,
congratulation, etc.
Makers of adj.
Adj. dapat ditandai dengan adv of degree: very quite, rather,
extremely, so, too, etc.

Degree of

1. Regular comparison
Positive degree
Superlative degree
(as) tall (as)
tallest
(as) beautiful (as)
most adj
2. Irregular comparison

Comp degree
taller

The

more adj than

The

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good
well
bad
far
farthest/furthest
little
mush & many
old
oldest/eldest

better
worse
farther/further
less
more
older/elder

worst
least
most

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Adj clause

Ex :

:
Anak kalimat berfungsi menjelaskan noun (head
word) dalam noun phrase yang dihubungkan dengan
sub-ordinate conjunction (relative clause) seperti :
Who, whom, that, where, when, whose, and which.

1. Head word nya orang

The doctor who suggested that he stop smoking is a
radiologist.
The nurse that looks after me every day seems
interested in me.
Can you show me the patient whom you a special
treatment.
2. Head word nya benda (binatang)
That is the problem that we must solue.
The hospital which lies in town is different from one
which lies in a country.
3.
Head word nya menunjukkan tempat
Raflesia is a nursing academy where we study nursing.
4.
Head word nya menunjukkan waktu
I dont remember the date when I was born.
5. Yang menunjukkan possessive
The student whose parent work in hospital will not get
any problem in nursing.
ADVERB
Derivational form of Adverb
Suffixes changing Adjective to Adverb: Adjective + Ly
Ex : Beautiful beautifully
Serious Seriously
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Happy Happily
Etc.
ADVERB CLAUSE
Adv. C. is a sub- clause that consists of subject and predicate that
function as an adverb modifies main
1. Menggunakan sub-ordinate conjunction.
When, before, where, if, after, because, so (that) etc.
2. Fungsi sebagai kata keterangan :
EX :
a. Time
a. m.

: When she is on early shift, she goes on duty at 7

and comes off duty at 3 p. m.

b. Place
campus.
c. Cause

Duma lives where her house is near the

: Because fatty tissue deposits vary among

individuals,
the size of labia major varies.

d. Condition :
were
and his
hourly.

Form time to time, the toes of his injured leg

examined to see if they were warm and pink,
pulse and blood pressure were taken half-

e. Purpose
: She is a student nurse so ( that ) she does not
work in
the word every day.
VERB
Derivation forms consist of
dan , be
( as prefixes).

: en, ize, fy, ate, (as suffixes) and en

Ex : deepen, colonize, beautify, differentiate, enlarge, be friend.

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