GRASSO Screw Comp - Product Information

Grasso
Refrigeration Division
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Series SH, MC and LT
Product Information
2004/4
_040000_pi_sc__gbr_.doc
Copyright Grasso GmbH Refrigeration Technology

The contents of this documentation and the enclosed drawings, sketches and diagrams are intended only for plant
users and operating personnel. They may be neither duplicated nor divulged to third parties or firms without
written consent.
The technical data, figures, dimensions and weights presented in the documentation may be more closely defined
or otherwise specified as a result of contractual agreement and are binding only after our confirmation in writing.
The stipulations set forth in the contract have precedence over those in this documentation.
We reserve all rights to introduce technical modifications in the course of further development.
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
DIRECTORY
Introduction
040 015gbr
Philosophy of Series
040 040gbr
Product name
040 200gbr
Compressor Design Citeria
040 300gbr
Limits of Application
040 310gbr
Main Dimensions
Series SH
Types C, D
040 400gbr
Main Dimensions
Series SH
Types E, G
040 410gbr
Main Dimensions
Series MC
Types H, L, M, N
040 420gbr
Main Dimensions
Series LT
Types P, R, S, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD
040 430gbr
Main Dimensions
Series LT
Types XE, XF
040 440gbr
Conditions for Refrigerant Connections
040 500gbr
Conditions for Lubricating Oil Connections
040 510gbr
Electric Connections
040 520gbr
Installation Conditions, Sound, Vibration
040 600gbr
Coupling Requirements
040 610gbr
Starting Conditions
040 620gbr
Operational Monitoring
040 630gbr
Lubricationg Oils
040 721gbr
Hints for Selection of Refrigeration Oil
040 730gbr
P+I Diagrams
040 800gbr
Series SH
Series MC
Series LT
03.2004/2
Series SH, MC
Overall Concept
AISH02-1gbr
Description of Design
AISH03-1gbr
Schematic Diagram, Connections
AISH04-1gbr
Overall Concept
AIMC02gbr
AIMC03gbr
Connections, Oil Passage
AIMC04gbr
Overall Concept
AI_LT_02gbr
AI_LT_03gbr
Connections
Types P, R, S, T, V, W, Y
AI_PY_04gbr
Connections
Types Z, XA, XB, XC, XD, XE, XF
AI_Z_XF_04gbr
040 010gbr - 1/1
INTRODUCTION
Grasso
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
The screw compressors are oil injected dual rotor
positive displacement machines.
The machines are available as standard refrigeration
compressors for single-stage operation, as boosters as
well as heat pump compressors.
The compressors can be applied in cold storage houses,
in food industry (slaughter houses, breweries, dairies,
food- and vegetable processing), air conditioning,
chemical and petrochemical industries, refrigerating,
cooling and air conditioning plants onboard ships as
well as heat pump operation.
The refrigerants NH3, R22, R134a, R404A, R507 and
refrigerant mixtures can be used up to a discharge
pressure of 362.5 psia (28 bar abs.).
For these refrigerants, lubricating oil is chosen in
accordance with data sheet 040 700e.
The compressors are directly driven by the electric
motor through a flexible coupling and are designed for
speeds of 50Hz and 60Hz.
Supply range
The whole supply range of screw compressors comprises
19 types subdivided into the following 3 series:
Series SH, SemiPacks, including 4 types (C, D, E, G) with
a theoretical swept volume ranging from 231 to
372 m/h.
Series MC, Compact-Screw compressors, including
4 types (H, L, M and N) with a theoretical swept volume
ranging from 471 to 860 m/h.
Series LT, High Performance-Screw compressors,
including 11 types (P, R, S, V, W, Y, Z, X, XB, XC, XD)
with a theoretical swept volume ranging from 805 to
5800 m/h.
The 3 series differ from each other in the degree of
integrated functional components of the oil and
refrigerant circuits.
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Series LT - High Performance Screw compressors require external filters and valves as well as a separate
oil feed system (exception: types W, Z, XA, XB, XC
and XD with attached solenoid valves).
All compressors feature stepless capacity control and
can be provided with self-adjusting, variable volume
ratios (parallel slides, system PS with series SH and MC;
tandem slides, system TS with series LT). Compressors
with built-in Vifixed volume ratios 2.6 to 4.8 ie: 5.5 are
available. The value Vi is calculated for the specific
operation condition in the compressor selection
program COMSEL.
All types are fitted with an economiser connection as
well as connections for refrigerant injection (liquid
injection) and for returning oil from the plant system.
Compressors with high pressure ratios are equipped
with a self-adjusting system for vibrationfree partial
load operation.
Before delivery, each compressor is subjected to a test
run with nitrogen in the pressure range of the future
application which is proven by a works test certificate
accompanying each compressor. On request, a
certificate of acknowledged classification societies, e.g.
TV, Lloyds Register of Shipping, Germanischer Lloyd,
Norske Veritas, Bureau Veritas, will be provided.
A comprehensive quality assurance system based on
DIN ISO 9001 and comprising all stages from design/
development, manufacturing, assembly and testing
through to customer service guarantees excellent
quality of the Grasso Screw compressors.
The compressors are delivered without oil.
All connections are closed, and the compressors are
filled with dry nitrogen (0.2 psig.).
Each compressor comes complete with a users manual
with instructions on operation, installation,
maintenance and repair and showing the set of tools
and spare parts required.
The SemiPacks of the series SH are equipped with a

check valve on the suction and the discharge sides,
respectively, a suction filter, an oil filter, an overflow
valve, an internal oil management system, a flanged oil
pump, a coupling and coupling casing with a centring
flange for flange-mounting motors as well as attached
solenoid valves for capacity control and Vi adjustment.
Variations of this are therefore possible. The finished
design will be specified on the ordering list.
The components of series MC - Compact-Screw
compressors - include an internal oil system, a flanged
oil pump, a check valve on the suction side, suction
filter and attached solenoid valves for capacity control
and Vi adjustment.
03.2002/1
040 015e - 1/2
INTRODUCTION
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
TECHNICAL FEATURES
Rotors
The rotors are made of forged tool steel. They are
designed according to low energy consumption criteria
(patented profile with optimised main dimensions). The
primary rotor is driven by the motor, whereas the
secondary rotor is directly driven by the primary rotor
by means of a thin oil film.
Shaft sealing
The driven main shaft is sealed by means of a ring
bearing oil seal with a rotating ring and a fixed ring
(impregnated carbon/ steel). The seal is designed to
relieve load variations whilst containing the oil charge
and the thin oil film between the rings results in a long
service life.
Casings
The casings are made of laminated grey cast iron and
can be applied with discharge pressures up to 406.1
psia (28 bar abs.).
Capacity control
Stepless adjustment of the hydraulic mechanism enables
both the suction volumetric capacity to be changed
within the full load range of the compressor from 100%
to minimum capacity. Compressors with a variable
volume ratio operate according to a system of
combined Vi partial-load control.
Storing
The compressors of the series SH and MC are
completely equipped with rolling bearings. Capacity
improving cylindrical-roller bearings for radial load and
ball bearings of angle-contact design for axial load
ensure a nominal service life up to 100.000 operating
hours. A hydraulically loaded balance piston reduces
axial loads and increases the designed service life of the
thrust bearings. In compressors of the series LT, lowwear friction bearings carry the radial loads of the rotor
shafts on a thin oil film without contact, whereas the
angle-contact ball bearings take the axial load.
040 015e - 2/2
Position indication
For positioning the hydraulic systems of the capacity control
and the Vi adjustment, a hermetic path sensor is used which
provides an output signal between 4 and 20mA.
03.2002/1
PHILOSOPHY OF SERIES
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Grasso
Type
swept volume in m/h
231
265
Series SH
321
SemiPacks
372
471
Series MC
544
690
Compact Screws
860
805
Series LT
1040
1290
High Performance
1640
1940
2296
Y
Z
2748
a
XA
3250
XB
b
4150
g
XC
4900
XD
d
5800
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
swept volume in m/h (at 50 Hz)
03.2002/1
040 040e - 1/2
PHILOSOPHY OF SERIES
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Grasso
Geschftsbereich
Kltetechnik
SH - SEMIPACKS
extremly high degree of component integration,
exclusively antifrictional bearings,
Vi- , partload control (PS - system).
type
swept volume in m/h

(50 Hz)
swept volume in CFM

(60 Hz)
231
164
265
188
321
228
372
264
MC - COMPACT-SCREW COMPRESSORS
high degree of component integration,
exclusively antifrictional bearings,
stepless Vi- , partload control (PS - system).
type
swept volume in m/h

(50 Hz)
swept volume in CFM

(60 Hz)
471
335
544
387
M*
690
490
N*
860
611
LT - HIGH PERFORMANCE SCREW COMPRESSORS

long life time for highest performance,
sleeve type for radial and ball type for thrust
bearings,
stepless Vi- and partload control (TS - system).
Typ
swept volume in m/h

(50 Hz)
swept volume in CFM

(60 Hz)
805
572
1040
739
1290
917
1640
1165
1940
1378
2296
1632
2748
1953
XA
3250
2309
XB
4150
2949
XC
4900
3482
XD
5800
4122
040 040e - 2/2
03.2002/1
PRODUCT NAME
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Name
(Z)
Screw Compressor Type

Screw Compressor Vi Version
Coupling Type
(only for screw compressor types C, D, E, G)
X
Screw Compressor Type
Series
Code letter
Theoretical swept volume at

2940 rpm in m/h*)
Series
Code letter
Theoretical swept volume at

2940 rpm in m/h*)
SH
C
D
E
G
231
265
321
372
LT
MC
H
L
M
N
471
544
690
860
P
R
S
V
W
Y
Z
XA
XB
805
1040
1290
1640
1940
2296
2748
3250
4150
4800
5800
XC
*)
50Hz power system; for a 60Hz system, multiply the values by 1.2.
XD
Screw Compressor Vi Version
key number
1
Standard refrigeration compressor
Vi = 2.6
Vi = 3.6
Vi = 4.8
Vi = 5.5
Vi = variable
SH series
51
Vi = 2.6/4.8
stepped
52
Vi = 2.6/4.0
stepped
53
Vi = 3.2/4.8
stepped
Vi = 2.6...5.5
stepless
51
Vi = 2.2...4.0
stepless
52
Vi = 2.6...5.5
stepless
MC series
5
LT series
03.2002/1
040 200e - 1/5
PRODUCT NAME
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Booster application
61
Vi = 2.6
62
Vi = 3.6
Heat pump compressor

Vi - fixed
71
Vi = 2.6
72
Vi = 3.6
Vi - variable
SH series
751
Vi = 2.6/4.8
stepped
752
Vi = 2.6/4.0
stepped
Vi = 2.6...5.5
stepless
Vi = 2.2...4.0
stepless
MC series
75
LT series
751
8
Commercial refrigeration compressor LH series in 2 rating classes 50% and 100%

81
Vi = 2.6
82
Vi = 3.6
83
Vi = 4.8
Speed controlled refrigeration compressor

SH series only type G
95
Vi = 2.6...4.8
MC series only type N

95
stepless
stepless
Vi = 2.6...5.5
Examples of designation
P - 61
Screw compressor 805m/h (P), Booster with an internal volume ratio Vi=2.6 (61)
C-2(E)
Screw compressor 231m/h (C), internal volume ratio Vi=3.6 (2), coupling housing with
coupling for KN7 225M - 75kW electric motor (E)
040 200e - 2/5
03.2002/1
PRODUCT NAME
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
(Z)
Coupling Type (coupling housing with coupling)

for screw compressor types C, D, E, G only
Electric flange motor, type IM B 5 *)

manufacturer
Siemens AG
output in kW
15
18,5
22
30; 37
ABB
160M 1LA5
160L
enclosure
sc type C/D
sc type E/G
IP 54
1LA5
180M 1LA6
1LA6
225M 1LA6
55
250M 1LA6
75
280S
90
280M 1LA6
200L
W/1
Speed controlled
1LA6
110
315S
132
315M 1LA6
150
1PL6186-4HL
1LA6
75, 90
250
SA2
110
250
MA2
280
SMA2
55
M2BA 250 SMA
75
280
90
280
SMA
315
SA
132
315
SMA
15
IP 23
IP 55
SA
110
18,5
P160MG
IP 23
K
-
P160L
30
P180M
37
P180L
55
PLS200LP
75
P225M
90
P250S
110
P250M
132
P280M
A
15
18,5
03.2002/1
name
45
132
Leroy Somer
coupling type
LS 160M
IP 55
LS 160L
22
LS 180MT
30
LS 200LT
37
LS 200L
55
LS 250MP
75
LS 280 SP/MP
110
LS 315 SP/MP
T
-
040 200e - 3/5
PRODUCT NAME
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Electric flange motor, type IM B 5 *)

manufacturer
output in kW
coupling type
name
enclosure
sc type C/D
sc type E/G
IP 23
P
R
AEG
30
KN7 180M
(Schorch)
37
KN7 180L
45
KN7 200M
55
KN7 200L
75
KN7 225M
90
KN7 250S
110
KN7 250M
132
KN7 280M
22
KA7 180M
30
KA7 207L
37
KA7 200L
45
KA7 225M
55
KA7 250M
75
KA7 280S
Frank & Dvorak
90
KA7 280M
110
KA7 315S
132
KA7 315M
15
18,5
VEM
160 L
180 M
30
200LA
37
200LB
45
225M
55
250M
75
280S
90
280M
A
15
K11R 160MX2
IP 55
K11R 160 L2
22
K11R 180 M2
30
K11R 200 L2
37
K11R 200 LX2
45
K11R 225 M2
55
K11R 250 M2
75
K11R 280 S2
90
K11R 280 M2
110
K11R 315 S2
132
special request
IP 55
22
18,5
WEG
160 MB
IP 54
75
K11R 315 M2
225 S/M
IP 23
*) according to IEC standard 34-7; type IM B 35 (flange motor with mounting feet) may also be used.
040 200e - 4/5
03.2002/1
PRODUCT NAME
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
coupling type
manufacturer
output in PS
name
USA
40
40HP - 286 TS
(Nema-face)
50
50 HP 324 TS
60
60 HP 326 TS
75
75 HP 364 /5 TS
100
100 HP 364 /5TS
125
125 HP 404 /5TS
USA
50
RAM Industries
60
(C-face)
75
enclosure
sc type C/D
sc type E/G
IP 23
D/1
R/1
D/2
R/2
E/ FES
S/ FES
100
125
150
03.2002/1
040 200e - 5/5
COMPRESSOR DESIGN CRITERIA
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
compressor
type
theoretical
swept vol.
m/h
(0)
ZM/ZF
(1)
231
5/6
265
5/6
321
G
H
L
Vi-adjustment
Vi-Version
compressor
equipment
bearing
radial/ axial
oil
supply
drive
motor
(2)
(3)
PS2
1235678
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
W/W
PS2
1235678
W/W
5/6
PS2
1235678
W/W
372
471
5/6
PS2
12356789
W/W
5/6
PS0
123567
W/W
544
5/6
PS0
123567
W/W
690
5/6
PS0
123567
W/W
860
5/6
PS0
1235679
W/W
805
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
1040
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
E
E
1290
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
1640
4/6
TS0
123567
G/W
1940
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
2296
4/6
TS0
123567
G/W
E
E
2748
5/6
TS0
123567
G/W
XA
3250
5/6
TS0
123567
G/W
XB
4150
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
XC
4900
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
XD
5800
5/6
TS0
1234567
G/W
(0)
at 2940rpm (50Hz power system; for a 60Hz power system, multiply values by 1.2
(1)
ZM
ZF
numbers of lobes, male rotor

numbers of lobes, female rotor
(2)
PS
parallel slide system,
TS
tandem slide system
(3)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Vi = 2.6
Vi = 3.6
Vi = 4.8
Vi = 5.5
Vi = variable
booster application
heat pump compressor
commercial refrigeration compressor
speed controlled refrigeration compressor
(4)
A
B
C
D
standard equipment without additional components

solenoid valves for capacity and Vi-adjustment on the compressor
solenoid valves, suction filter, check valve on the suction side, oil pump on the compressor
solenoid valves, suction filter, check valves (suction/ discharge sides), oil pump, overflow valves (suction/ discharge sides) on
the compressor
PS0 : stepless Vi-adjustment

PS2 : 2-stage Vi- adjustment
TS0 : stepless Vi-adjustment
---- : underlined components are optional (operation with external pump is possible)
(5)
W
G
antifriction bearings
sleeve bearings
(6)
O
M
compressor operation with flanged oil pump for capacity control

compressor operation with external oil pump
(7)
F
E
flange motor
motor and compressor installed separately
03.2002/1
040 300e - 1/1
LIMITS OF APPLICATION
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
The screw compressors can be operated under the most

varied operation conditions within the given limits of
application according to the requirements involved. The
limits of application listed below for the screw compressors are based on the operational principle of the screw
compressor and thermodynamic relations and are the
result of practical operating conditions and design.
The tabulated data apply for single, two-stage and heatpump operation. The appropriate compressor model
design (1-7) should be selected for the particular
operating conditions *) Depending on the specific
operating conditions, there might occur reductions of
the limits given in the table due to the Compressor
Selection Programme COMSEL/GSCREW.
suction temperature compressor inlet
t0h
min
> - 60
discharge pressure (condensing pressure)
bar (a)
max
< 28
discharge temperature at compressor outlet
te
max
< 120
pressure ratio (p/p0)
min
> 1,5
pressure difference (p - p0)
bar
min
> 0,8
compressor type
maximum driving power (kW)
maximum nominal torque
maximum speed limits
compressor type
maximum driving power (kW)
maximum nominal torque
maximum speed limits
50 Hz
60 Hz
Nm
rpm
C/D
105
126
350
6.000
E/G
150
180
500
6.000
H/L
200
240
640
4.500
M /N
300
360
960
4.500
50 Hz
60 Hz
Nm
rpm
P
330
400
1060
3.600
R / S/ T
530
640
1700
3.600
V /W/ Y
900
1080
2900
3.600
Z / XA
1250
1500
4020
3.600
XB, XC, XD
1800
2160
5730
3.600
XE, XF
3000
3600
9500
3.600
Instructions:
Minimal over-heating on suction side: wet operation to be avoided.
The minimum compressor discharge temperature te must be sufficientlyabove the oil temperature for supply
to the bearings for compressor with sleeve bearings.
Limits for temperature differences will be considered in COMSEL/GSCREW
Gas pulsation protection required for 8 only.
SH and MC series: Minimal speed control in integrated oil pump 2000 min -1
Rotation direction: view to compressors driving shaft: clockwise
For p= p-po 4 bar is an external oil pump to be taken into consideration
For operation conditions with speeds differing from 50 or 60 Hz, the manufacturer should be contacted
Comments :
1.
For each individual application all conditions given in the tables should be taken into consideration and
adhered to.
2.
Should the given limit values be exceeded in any particular case, the manufacturer must be consulted.
3.
In addition to the application limits given in the tables, consider the operating conditions which must be
observed for the corresponding type of the compressor (e.g. start-up regime, oil pressure, oil quantity etc.).
4.
The oil temperature at the compressor inlet must be least 18C.
5.
Ensure that the oil viscosity will be 7...70 cSt at n 2950 min-1 for the oil supply to bearings. Take into
account the drop in viscosity due to refrigerant dissolved in the oil!
6.
Economizer operation between the 100% and 85% control slide positions.
07.2003/2
040 310gbr - 1/1
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
SH SERIES - SEMIPACKS, TYPES C, D
Grasso
main
coupling housing
dimensions with coupling *)
l1
(overall length)
A; B
C; G
(mm)
888 [918]
918 [948]
l2
(mm)
351
381
l3
b1 (overall width)
(mm)
h1 (overall height)
(mm)
d1 (locating flange-)
(mm)
250
d2 (hole-circle-)
(mm)
300
(thread size)
(number of bolts)
381 [411]
(mm)
411 [441]
544
660
588
510
615
560
300
350
550
450
350
400
600
500
M 20
M 16
352 [362]
313 [324]
492
M 16
4
suction side
DN 80
discharge side
DN 65
supercharging
DN 25
refrigerant injection
DN 8
approx.weight, max. (kg)

[...]
*)
282 [293]
E; F
292 [303]
300 [310]
320 [330]
for screw compressor Type D

see product name Data sheet 040 200E
09/2001 Rev.2
Screws SH Series
040 400e - 1/2
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
SH SERIES - SEMIPACKS, TYPES C, D
FES DESIGN
Grasso
135
280
D1
257
110
51
350
450
25
285
190
492
H1
D2
Main
dimensions
coupling housing
with coupling
Order No.
L1
(overall length)
Booster
High stage
250165:28D50
250175:28D50
High stage
special design
250174:28D50
(mm)
918 [948]
910 [940]
L2
(mm)
381
373
L3
(mm)
381 [411]
383 [413]
B1
(overall width)
(mm)
526
576
H1
(overall height)
(mm)
510
560
D1
(locating flange-)
(mm)
266,7
317,5
406,7
D2
(hole-circle-)
(mm)
228,6
279,4
355,6
(thread size)
(mm)
15,5
17,5
(number of bolts)
suction side
DN80
discharge side
DN65
supercharging
DN25
DN8
approx.weight, max.
[...]
(kg)
328 [338]
364 [374]
368 [378]
for screw compressor Type D
040 400 2/2
Screws SH Series
09/2001 Rev.2
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
SH SERIES - SEMIPACKS, TYPES E, G
Grasso
main
coupling housing
dimensions with coupling *)
M; N
P; V
S; T
(mm)
975 [1004]
1005 [1034]
l2
(mm)
362
392
l3
b1 (overall width)
(mm)
h1 (overall height)
(mm)
d1 (locating flange-)
(mm)
250
300
d2 (hole-circle-)
(mm)
300
350
l1
(overall length)
(thread size)
(number of bolts)
432 [461]
(mm)
462 [491]
620
675
595
615
670
350
450
550
400
500
600
M16
M20
suction side
DN 100
discharge side
DN 65
supercharging
DN 25
DN
approx.weight, max. (kg)
412 [423]
418 [429]
423 [433]
8
442 [452]
438 [448]
461 [472]
[...] for screw compressor Type G

*) see product name Data sheet 040 200E
09/2001 Rev.2
Screws SH Series
040 410e - 1/2
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
SH SERIES - SEMIPACKS, TYPES E, G
FES DESIGN
Grasso
main
dimensions
L1
coupling housing
with coupling
order no.
(overall length)
Booster
High stage
250166:28G50
250177:28G50
High stage
special design
250176:28G50
(mm)
1005 [1034]
997 [1026]
L2
(mm)
392
384
L3
(mm)
395 [424]
397 [426]
B1
(overall width)
(mm)
545
595
H1
(overall height)
(mm)
510
560
D1
(locating flange-)
(mm)
266,7
317,5
406,7
D2
(hole-circle-)
(mm)
228,6
279,4
355,6
(thread size)
(mm)
15,5
17,5
(number of bolts)
suction side
DN100
discharge side
DN65
supercharging
DN25
DN8
approx.weight, max.
(kg)
451 [461]
509 [519]
513 [523]
[...] for screw compressor Type G
040 410E - 2/2
Screws SH Series
09/2001 Rev.2
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
MC SERIES, TYPES H, L, M, N
Grasso
Type
theoretical swept volume in m/h
471
544
690
860
b1
425
510
b2
350
425
b3
109
138
b4
132
150
dm
18
22
h1
537
646
h2
215
270
h3
36
50
h4
23
26
l1
938
974
1094
1145
l2
350
386
406
457
l3
165
219
l4
245
296
l5
219
260
l6
60
55
l7
75
95
weight
366
381
660
690
nominal sizes
suction side
NB 125
NB 150
of connections
discharge side
NB 80
NB 100
supercharging
NB 32
NB 40
00.09
Screw MC Series
040 420e - 1/1
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
LT SERIES - TYPES P, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD
Grasso
l4
l
b
1
female
rotor
male
rotor
suctio
side
connectio
superfee
discharg
side
h4
e
liqui
injectio
**
5
type
theoretical swept volume

(in m/h)
805
1040
1290
1460
1640
1940
2296
b1
600
660
750
d1
26
26
26
d2
e1
60 h6
375
e2
500
566
e3
160
176,3
200
e4
170
195
200
418
60 h6
485
525
480
80 h6
535
e5**
250
283
300
h1
525
570
670
h2
290
330
350
h3
50
70
70
h4
110
130
145
l1
817
l2
272
347
l3
95
115
l4
65
45
965
1085
1125
1040
1095
130
105
HR*
HR*
HR*
DN 150
DN 175
DN 250
sizes of
discharge side
DN 100
DN 100
DN 150
connec-
superfeed
DN 32
DN 40
DN 65
tions
liquid injection
DN 15
DN 15
DN 15
598
890
960
130
100
driving shaft
weight: max [kg]
1160
360
suction side
nominal
600
600
1060
1134
1195
1283
* male rotor
** position discharge connection
07.2003/2
Screws LT Series
040 430gbr - 1/2
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
LT SERIES - TYPES P, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD
Grasso
l4
l
b
1
female
rotor
male
rotor
suction
side
connection
superfeed
discharge
side
h4
e
4
2
liquid
injection
**
5
type
XA
XB
XC
XD
2748
3250
4150
4900
5800
b1
760
900
26
d1
80 h6
d2
e1
630
705
650
90
717
e2
660
800
e3
220,3
272
e4
230
278
e5**
353
443
h1
700
850
h2
400
495
h3
70
90
h4
140
195
l1
1315
1390
1387
1444
l2
435
462
l3
128
122
85
120
driving shaft
l4
HR*
HR*
nominal
suction side
DN 250
DN 300
sizes of
discharge side
DN 150
DN 200
DN 100
DN 125
DN 15
DN 18
connections superfeed
liquid injection
weight: max [kg]
1670
1740
2400
2560
800
1527
2650
* male rotor
** position discharge connection
040 430gbr - 2/2
Screws LT Series
07.2003/2
MAIN DIMENSIONS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES LT TYPES XE, XF
Grasso
l t1
l t4
Economizer
port
Liquid
injection
MR
Suction
side
l t3
h t2
Discharge
side
h t4
h t3
h t1
d t2
FR
b t1
e t3
e t4
e t2
e t5
d t1
type
XE
XF
7170
8560
b1
1078
d1
33
d2
e1
905
800
e3
320
e4
255
e5**
430
h1
980
h2
580
h3
95
h4
220
1614
1713
l2
500
l3
124
l4
130
driving shaft
Male rotor
nominal
suction side
DN400
sizes of
discharge side
DN250
connections superfeed
DN150
Oil injection
DN80
liquid injection
DN25
weight: max [kg]
l t2
110 h6
806
e2
l1
**
e t1
Main oil
injection
3500
3800
position discharge connection
07.2003/ 0
040_440gbr.doc - 1/1
CONDITIONS FOR REFRIGERANT CONNECTIONS
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Connection
Filter mesh size

[m]
Remarks
Suction
Discharge
Series SH, MC:

100 m
Economizer port
Series LT :
140 m
Liquid injection port
During pressure equalisation after stopping of the

compressor, care should be taken to prevent foreign matter
which are bigger than the mesh size in the suction filter from
getting into the compressor together with refrigerant vapour
flowing back from the plant components arranged
downstream of the compressor.
The operating range is between control slide positions of
100% and 85%. At part-load operation, care should be taken
to maintain the projected intermediate pressure.
Refrigerant injection should only be used in conjunction with
inertia-free temperature measurement on the compressor
discharge side (k<10s). When operating with refrigerant
injection, the regulating valve should be sized to ensure that
no liquid refrigerant enters the oil separator downstream.
N.B:
Liquid (refrigerant or oil) can lead to destruction of the filter at the suction and economizer connection.
07.2003/2
040 500gbr - 1/1
CONDITIONS FOR LUBRICATING OIL CONNECTIONS
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
type
oil-
poil
viscosity
filter
pump
l/min
bar
mm/s
function, purpose
min
functional oil1)
C, D,
without
max
see instructions
min
max
max
min
max
p+3,55)
80
70
154)
p+3,55)
80
70
15
p2,5
p+3,55)
100
70
140
p+0,5
p+5,0
80
70
15
p2,5
p+3,55)
100
70
60
80
70
15
5)
p+0,5
p-1,0
E, G
functional oil2)
H, L,
p+0,55)
without
see instructions
M, N
P, R,
oil injection
without
functional oil3)
with
p-2,5
see instructions
S, T
oil injection
capacity control
balancing piston,
without
with
without
10
20
6)
Room 1
p+0,5...5,0
Room 26)
p0+7 bar
Room 36)
p0+ 4,5 bar
p1,5
100
70
15
p+0,5
p+5,0
80
70
15
p2,5
p+3,55)
100
70
140
80
70
15
heat pump
functional oil3)
V, Y
with
see instructions
oil injection
without
capacity control
with
Room 16)
p+0,5...5,0
Room 26) p0+7 bar

Room 36) p0+ 4,5 bar
balancing piston,
without
15
25
p1,5
100
70
15
p+0,5
p+5,0
80
70
15
p2,5
p+3,55)
100
70
140
p1,5
100
70
15
80
70
15
heat pump
W, Z,
XA, XB
functional oil3)
XC, XD
oil injection
without
balancing piston,
without
20
30
with
XE, XF
with
see instructions
heat pump
capacity control 7)
Room 16)
p+0,5...5,0
Room 26)
p0+7 bar
Room 36)
p0+ 4,5 bar
poil
oil pressure at the espective connection point of compressor
pressure on the discharge side of compressor
1)
functional oil
for bearing, shaft seal, balancing piston, oil injection, internal oil pump, capacity control and Vi-adjustment
2)
functional oil
for bearing, shaft seal, balancing piston, internal oil pump, capacity control and Vi-adjustment
3)
functional oil
for bearing, shaft seal, balancing piston (+ capacity control, and Vi-adjustment for types Z, XA, XB, XC, XD)
4)
oil filter in compressor
5)
oil pressure with use of external oil pump
6)
rooms 1,2 and 3 are defined in diagram
7)
for external oil supply of capacity control (operation without integrated solenoid valve block)
07.2003/4
040 510gbr - 1/2
CONDITIONS FOR LUBRICATING OIL CONNECTIONS

Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Hints:
1. Use the selection programme Kabcom/GSCREW to choose the screw compressor. It gives additional
information about the oil circuit of the compressor and application limits of the compressors belonging to the
series SH and MC with integral oil pump. The selection programme specifies for which operating conditions an
external oil pump for the functional oil circuit will be required (External oil pump required).
2. Depending on the operating conditions of the compressor, the oil flow rates required for safe compressor
operation are shown in the selection programme Kabcom/GSCREW. The oil pump must have a delivery rate
reaching at least the value 1.5 x functional oil flow.
In the Kabcom/GSCREW selection programme, the terms
functional oil flow
total oil flow (with additional oil injection, if required)
are used.
3. Series LT
Hydraulic chambers for capacity control and Vi-adjustment:
1, 2
: Hydraulic chambers for capacity control; connections K, L
1, 2, 3 : Hydraulic chambers for combined Vi-partload adjustment; connections K, L, M
040 510gbr - 2/2
07.2003/4
ELECTRIC CONNECTIONS
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
POSITION SENSOR / VALVE BLOCKS

component
connected load
position sensor
position sensor
valve block 2
valve block 4
24V (DC)
24V (DC)
24V DC
24V AC
48V AC
110V AC
230V AC
output signal
4-20 mA
20-4 mA
-
function
screw compressor
type
control slide/ primary slide

position display
H, L, M, N, P,
R, S, V, Y, Z, XA,
XB, XC, XD, XE, XF
Vi slide position display
H, L, M, N
control slide position display
C, D, E, G
Operates capacity control with C, D, E, G, H, L, M, N,

valve block 4 or combined Vi R, S, T, W, Z, XA, XB,
part load adjustment with valve XC, XD, XE, XF
block 2 and 4
Position sensor connection diagram
+24V DC
4 - 20 mA
0V (ground)
output signal:
For all SV types
control slide min. pos.:
control slide max. pos.:
4mA1)
20mA
) As distinct from the values indicated, values in

excess of 4 mA are also realized as minimum position
for the control slide. (adjustment values for minimum
position are shown on the position sensor coil)
For all MC series
Vi slide position for small Vi:
Vi slide position for large Vi:
4mA
20mA
SOLENOID VALVES
Valve block 2 connection diagram
Valve block 4 connection diagram

Y2
Y6
Y5
Y4
07.2003/2
Y1
Y3
040 520gbr - 1/2
ELECTRIC CONNECTIONS
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Valve bock 4: installed in all compressors

primary slide or control slide
moves in direction suction side :
primary slide or control slide
moves in derection discharge side:
Y1 and Y4 open
Y2 and Y3 closed
Y2 and Y3 open
Y1 and Y4 closed
Valve block 2: only in compresssors with variable Vi

SH and MC series
Vi reduction:
Y6 open
Y5 closed
Vi increase:
Y5 open
Y6 closed
LT Series
secondary slide
moves in direction suction side:
secondary slide
moves in direction discharge slide
Y5 open
Y6 closed
Y5 open
Y6 closed
Instructions:
The control of the magnetic valve blocks is outlined in data sheet 635014 Compressor Control.
040 520gbr - 2/2
07.2003/2
INSTALLATION CONDITIONS, SOUND, VIBRATION
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
INSTALLATION CONDITIONS:
compressor mounting surfaces
- overall evenness of mounting feet: 0,5 mm

- shim thickness: 25 mm
ambient temperature
18C*... 50 C
permissible vibration velocity

for compressor operation
Vmax:
CG=
HN=
PS =
V - XA =
XB, XC, XD =
2,0 mm/s
2,5 mm/s
3,0 mm/s
3,5 mm/s
4,0 mm/s
At low ambient temperatures the oil must be heated to 18C.

compressor type
permissible piping forces

and moments:
suction port
H, L, M, N
R, S
V, W, Y, Z, XA
XB, XC, XD
force
F [N]
2500
3000
5000
5500
6000
7000
moment
M [Nm]
1200
1800
2500
3000
3500
4000
F [N]
2000
2500
4000
4500
5000
3500
M [Nm]
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
radial force [N]
500
700
900
900
1300
1500
axial force
200
300
400
400
600
800
discharge port force

moment
driving shaft
C, D, E, G
[N]
sound power level:
compressor type
sound power level LWA
dB (A)
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
88
88
sound power level:
compressor type
sound power level LWA
dB (A)
XA
XB
XC
XD
89
90
91
91
92
93
94
96
96
96
vibration:
compressor type
C, D, E, G, H, L, M, N, P, R, S, W, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD
main exciting
frequencies at
3000 rpm
(3600 rpm)
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
50
100
250
500
6000
(60)
(120)
(300)
(600)
...8000
V, Y
50
(60)
100 (120)
200 (240)
400 (480)
5000 ...7000
structure-borne noise
Critical torsional natural frequency
(with consideration to the total mass moment of inertia of rotor pair)
Type
C N,
P, R, S
Torsional frequency (Hz) above 200
03.2002/1
XB
XC
XD
XE
XF
174,6
115,4
97,6
90,8
84,0
77,1
70,9
040 600e - 1/1
COUPLING REQUIREMENTS
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
The following requirements must be met when using a coupling not supplied by Grasso:
parameter
compressor type
C /D
E/G
H/L
M/N
R/S
V/W/Y
Z/XA
XB, XC,
XD
maximum driving
power (60 Hz)
kW
102
145
210
320
300
480
760
1080
1800
nominal torque
Nm
280
390
570
865
810
1300
2050
2850
5730
maximum starting
torque
Nm
700
980
1450
2150
2050
3250
5150
7200
14500
maximum speed
min-1
3600
maximum dynamic
mNm
unbalance allowable
500
700
900
1300
1500
200
300
400
600
800
mm
40-0,02-0,04
50h6
60h6
80h6
90
mm
60+5
70+5
70+5
80+5
90+5
permissible
radial force FR 1)
permissible
axial force FA
shaft diameter
compressor
distance between
shaft ends
compressor/motor
1)
Maximum forces which are allowed to act on the compressor shaft end. The coupling must be selected and
aligned in such a way that these forces are not exceeded.
Further requirements:
design of the compressor shaft end:
cylindrical without key
attached to the compressor shaft end:
by means of a firmly tightened clamping joint
direction of rotation:
clockwise and anticlockwise
startup and shutdown frequency:
maximum 20 per hour
operating temperature range:
- 20 C to + 55 C for dynamic operating load
03.2002/1
040 610e - 1/1
STARTING CONDITIONS
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
STARTING CONDITIONS WHEN COMMISSIONING

When commissioning the compressor, the following
conditions must be met:
A COMPESSOR SERIES SH AND MC:
TYPES C, D, E, G, H, L, M, N
B COMPRESSOR SERIES LT:

TYPES P, R, S, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD
1. Min-position of the regulating slide

Control of solenoid valves Y1 up to Y4 before
starting driving motor.
1. Min-position of the regulating slide

Control of solenoid valves Y2 and Y3 (minimum
direction).
At startup the current signal from position sensor of

regulating slide must be: 4,0...10 mA.
Starting the external oil pump.
If the named current signal is not reached after

180 sec, the starting condition is expanded to a
current signal of 15 mA (ca. 70%).
By starting driving motor the solenoid valves Y1 to
Y4 are closed and the solenoid valves Y2 and Y3 are
opened (minimum direction).
2. Oil pressure
For oil pressure see Data sheet 040510E.
3. Oil temperature
The oil temperature upstream of the compressor
must be at least 18C.
4. Limiting time periods
Within 15 sec after the driving motor has started the
oil pressure after the oil pump must be:
poil = p + 1,0 bar
p = discharge pressure
03.2002/1
At startup the current signal from position sensor of

regulating slide must be: 4,0...5,0 mA (0%...6%).
2. Oil pressure
For oil pressure see Data sheet 040510E.
3. Oil temperature
The oil temperature upstream of the compressor
must be at least 18C.
4. Time sequence and limitation
Start the oil pump prior to commissioning the
driving motor.
Start the driving motor, when both the required

Minimum position of the regulating slide and the
oil pressure have been reached within the first
15 sec after start-up of the oil pump.
If one or both requirements are not fulfilled within

this time, the oil pump keeps running until both
requirements have been met. However, the driving
motor must not be started immediately
afterwards.
After shutdown of the oil pump, an interval of

600 sec is required prior to restarting the oil pump
and commissioning the driving motor.
If the oil pump keeps running for more than

180 sec, a further start-up must not be performed.
Find out the reason. The compressor control device
must give a fault signal.
After start-up of the driving motor, a failure of the

oil pressure poil is permissible for 10 sec within the
first minute, and afterwards for 6 sec.
040 620e - 1/1
OPERATIONAL MONITORING
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
The following parameters must be recorded and monitored during operation of the compressor:
parameter
to be recorded
purpose
current of the compressor motor
upper limit value

(rated current limitation)
protection of motor and compressor
position of the control slide

(primary slide)
minimum position
ensures unloaded startup
entire adjustment length between

MIN and MAX position of the slide
for capacity control and

Vi adjustment
position of the Vi-slide
entire adjustment length between

Vimax and Vimin 1)
Vi-adjustment
suction pressure
lower limit value
protection against low

suction pressure
suction pressure within the

measuring range to be specified
controlled variable for capacity

control and Vi adjustment
upper limit value
protection of compressor and

downstream plant components
discharge pressure within the

measuring range to be specified 1)
controlled variable for Vi-adjustment
discharge temperature 2)
upper limit value
protection of compressor and

downstream plant components
oil temperature upstream of

compressor
oil feed temperature for bearings

and shaft seal within the measuring
range to be specified
protection of compressor
compressor oil inlet pressure

(after oil pump)
differential pressure between oil

pressure upstream of compressor
and compressor discharge pressure
protection of compressor
discharge pressure
1)
Only for the corresponding compressor model.
2)
Collected by transmitters with a low time constant k (k < 10 sec).
00.09
040 630e - 1/1
LUBRICATING OILS FOR

SCREW COMPRESSORS
Grasso
Special refrigerator oils must be used for refrigerant compressors. The selection of the type of oil not only
depends on its viscosity and its chemical properties, but also on the operating conditions of the respective
refrigeration plant.
The oils given in the table can be used for screw compressors. The choice depends on the refrigerant, viscosity (at
least 7cSt for oil temperature before entering the compressor), vaporisation temperature (pour point) and
requirement made of the oil separation behaviour (flash point, viscosity or specially treated oils*
hydrotreated).
The oils in Table 1 are recommended especially if minimum oil carry over is important.
Table 1:
Lubricating oils for R717 (Ammonia)
Recommended oils
Manufacturer
Oil type
Basis
Viscosity at
40C in cSt
Flash point in
C
Pour point
in C
Comment
CPI
CP 1009-68
M*
68
226
- 40
hydrotreated,
only for R717
Petro Canada
Reflo 68A
M*
58
236
- 42
hydrotreated,
only for R717
Table 2:
Lubricating oils for R22 and R717 (Ammonia)
Permissible oils
Manufacturer
Oil type
(see footnote)
Basis
Viscosity
at 40C in cSt
Flash point
in C
Pour point
in C
Comment
Castrol
Icematic 299
56
180
- 34
Castrol
Icematic 2294
PAO
69
233
- 60
for R717
CPI
CP-4600-46
PAO
46
268
- 51
only
ELF
Elfrima FR 46
46
171
- 37
ESSO
Zerice 46
46
204
- 41
ESSO
Zerice S46
AB
46
172
- 36
FUCHS-DEA
Reniso S68
AB
68
190
- 33
MOBIL
SHC 226E
PAO
67
266
- 54
MOBIL
SHC 326
AB+PAO
61
211
- 54
MOBIL
SHC 426
AB
65
176
- 36
MOBIL
Gargoyle Arctic Oil

300
64
202
- 40
MOBIL
Gargoyle Arctic Oil C

Heavy
44
187
- 50
Shell
Shell Clavus G46
44
195
- 39
only for R22
Shell
Shell Clavus G68
65
205
- 36
only for R22
Shell
Shell Clavus 46
44
195
- 39
only for R717
Shell
Shell Clavus 68
65
205
- 36
only for R717
TEXACO
Capella Premium
M*
67
262
- 42
hydrotreated,
only for R717
03.2002/2
only for R717
040 721e - 1/3

SCREW COMPRESSORS
Grasso
Table 3:
Lubricating oils for R134a; R404A; R407C; R410A; R507
Permissible oils
Manufacturer
Oil type
(see footnote)
Basis
Viscosity at
40C in cSt
Flash point in
C
Pour point in
C
Castrol
Icematic
SW 68
68
250
- 39
Castrol
Icematic
SW 100
100
255
- 30
Castrol
Icematic
SW 220
220
290
- 26
CPI
Solest 68
64
266
- 43
CPI
Solest 120
125
262
- 27
CPI
Solest 220
216
271
- 27
FUCHS-DEA
Reniso Triton
SE 55
53
270
- 51
FUCHS-DEA
Reniso Triton
SEZ 80
80
275
- 39
FUCHS-DEA
Reniso Triton
SEZ 100
91
288
- 39
FUCHS-DEA
Reniso Triton
SE 170
170
260
- 24
Shell
Shell Clavus
R 68
64
250
- 54
Shell
Shell Clavus
R 100
93
280
- 45
MOBIL
EAL 68
63
254
- 43
MOBIL
EAL 100
96
250
- 37
Comment
Table 4:
Lubricating oils for 290 (Propan)
Permissible oils
Manufacturer
Oil type
(see footnote)
Basis
Viscosity
at 40C in cSt
Flash point in
C
Pour point
in C
Shell
Madrela Oil T
PAG
185
260
-30
CPI
CP-1516-150
PAG
153
260
-34
Mobil
Glygoyle 22
PAG
161
229
-41
Comment
Abbreviations used for the lubricating oils basis:

AB
E
M
M*
Alkylbenzene
Polyolester
Mineral oil
Mineral oil with special treatment
(hydrotreated oil)
040 721e - 2/3
PAO
PAG
Polyalphaolefin
Polyalkylglycol
03.2002/2

SCREW COMPRESSORS
Grasso
Table 5:
Use of O-ring elastomers in screw-type compressors dependent on refrigerant and lubricant:
Oil
M*
AB
PAO
AB/PAO
PAG
R717 (Ammonia)
CR
CR1)
CR
HNBR
CR
HNBR
R22
CR
CR
HNBR
HNBR
Refrigerant
R134a, R404A, R407C, R410A, R507

R 290 (Propan)
Abbreviations used for the elastomers:
CR
Chloroprene (Neoprene caoutchouc)
HNBR Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene caoutchouc

1) for shaft seal : HNBR
Note:
The pour point describes the cold fluidity of an oil and represents a non-guaranteed guide value for the
minimum evaporating temperature.
[ The pour point is defined as the temperature at which the fluidity of an oil decreases to an extent that it
does not leave a jar within 5 sec under certain conditions.]
Compressors are equipped with suitable elastomers at the sealing point, which are selected dependent on the
refrigerant and lubricant. (Table 4)
When selecting the type of oil, the compatibility of the sealant material used in the compressor for o-rings
(elastomer quality) must be taken into consideration in addition to the refrigerant. (see Table 4)
Not all the listed oil types can be used for an existing compressor. Allocation of the oil type dependent on the
elastomer used is necessary, even for the same refrigerant.
Oil types are not always compatible with each other (not miscible).
Changing from one oil type to another can lead to disruptions in the operation of the compressor and to
leakages at the sealing points. The compressor manufacturer should always be contacted before changing the
oil type.
In exceptional cases, oils other than those listed in the table can be used, if the compressor manufacturer is
contacted first.
Attention:
The lubricant viscosity range downstream of the compressor given in data sheet 040 510e must always be
observed. At the same time, it must be noted that refrigerant/oil combinations are possible in which,
dependent on the pressure and temperature in the oil reservoir (oil separator), the refrigerant dissolves in the
oil. This leads to a reduction of the viscosity of the pure oil and to the formation of foam when the solution
equilibrium is altered due to pressure reduction or temperature increase.
In this case, the oil must be cooled by a minimum temperature difference, which is calculated in the
compressor selection programme Comsel for the given operating conditions (11 to 14 K dependent on the
refrigerant and operating condition). The compressor may only be operated if the oil entry temperature is
complied with in accordance with the compressor selection programme.
The oil separation behaviour of the types of oil given in the Table can vary greatly (e.g. influence of oil vapour
pressure, oil viscosity, solubility, final compression temperature).
03.2002/2
040 721e - 3/3
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
HINTS FOR SELECTION OF REFRIGERATION OIL
The properties of the refrigeration oil have an influence on the operation of refrigerating plants with oil-flooded
screw compressors, as it cannot be excluded that residues of the refrigeration oil get into the refrigerant circuit
despite of highly effective oil separators. For this reason, when selecting the oil consider besides
a sufficient lubricity of the oil at the bearing points of the screw compressor (minimum oil viscosity with
consideration of the solubility of refrigerants in oil depending on both the pressure and temperature),
the vapour pressure of the oil for a proper separation behaviour in the oil separator,
a sufficient fluidity of the oil at both the evaporating and suction temperature
the requirements upon the miscibility of the liquid phases of the refrigerant and the oil (miscibility gap).
The refrigerant used, the operation conditions and the specific plant design determine the required characteristics
of the refrigeration oil.
At present, five different base oil brands are used:
1. Mineral oils for ammonia and R22
2. Polyalphaolefins for ammonia
3. Alkyl benzene for ammonia and R22
4. Polyglycol (PAG-oil) for ammonia
5. Ester oil for R 404A, R 134a and R 507 as well as other new refrigerant blends such as R 410A or R 407C
Besides the pure base oil components there are also used blends of mineral oil and alkyl benzene or of
polyalphaolefin and alkyl benzene.
The characteristics of the refrigerants with relation to the oils mentioned differ greatly.
Two basic requirements are placed upon the working media combination of refrigerant and refrigeration oil:
a. Minimum oil viscosity of 7 cSt at the compressor inlet with consideration for the refrigerant solubility in oil
and
b. Miscibility of both liquid phases of a certain portion of the oil (ab. 1 to 2 %) and the refrigerant.
Besides the requirement of a sufficient viscosity of the lubricating oil, the discharge temperatures in the
compressor must be high enough to enable a subcooling of the refrigerant-laden oil by at least 10 K in order to
prevent foaming in the compressor in case of decrease in pressure and/or increase in temperature, before the oil
gets to the bearing points.
The basic requirement b) is not met by mineral oil, alkyl benzene and polyalphaolefin in connection with
ammonia, as there exists a miscibility gap of 100 %, and neither a solubility of the refrigerant vapour in the oil
nor a miscibility of liquid phases is given. Nevertheless these oils are preferably used in NH3-plants. Oil fine
separation stages prevent greater portions of the oil from getting into the refrigerant circuit.
The base oil versions mentioned will bring about differing oil carry-over rates as the flash points of the oils cited
differ greatly from each other (lowest flash point of alkyl benzene at ab. 160 C, highest flash point of
polyalphaolefin considerably above 200 C).
Although the fluidity of the oil is characterized by the pour point indicated by the oil manufacturers, the base oil
brands mentioned above feature different VT-characteristics so that at the same initial viscosity of say 68 cSt,
there may arise differences in viscosity at low temperatures in the evaporator in the range of ab. 1500 and
20000 cSt at 20C.
00.09/ 0
040 030e - 1/4
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
With relation to oils, the refrigerants feature the following properties:

Ammonia
Exclusive of PAG-oil, ammonia is not soluble with other lubricants. However, mechanical intermixing is very
intensive so that the oil always carries along ammonia. Due to the low portion of the ammonia the lubricity of
the oil will not be changed. The miscibility between the liquid phases of oil and refrigerant is not given, too.
For this reason, an efficient oil separation is required.
HFC (e.g. R134a, R404A, R507)
possess no chlorine and are not limited in their application. Ester oils are used for these refrigerants. The
higher solubility of these refrigerants in ester oil has to be considered when selecting an oil as the initial
viscosity of the oil might drastically change by the refrigerant solved in the oil. However, the fluidity of the oil
in the evaporator is given due to proper miscibility over a wide range.
The most important properties of the main oil groups are described in the following:
1. Mineral oil
Naphthenic base mineral oils are most suitable for refrigeration systems, but paraffinic base oils are also used.
Due to special treatment (dewaxing) paraffinic base oils have more or less the same properties as naphthenic
base oils. Mineral oils are characterized by a relatively low miscibility with HCFCs (e. g. R22) at low
temperatures. Mineral oils feature a relatively high viscosity index and a low vapour pressure (higher flash
point) whereby oil carry-over is positively affected.
2. Alkyl benzene (known also as alkyl benzole)
Alkyl benzenes represent synthetic oils produced from natural gas. They are characterized by high miscibility
with HCFCs (e.g. R22) even at lower evaporating temperatures. Alkyl benzenes feature higher thermal
stability than mineral oils (use of ammonia in piston compressors). Due to the lower flash point, however, they
have a tendency to heavy foaming in the oil separator and to higher oil carry-over. After changing from
mineral oil to alkyl benzene it should be considered that alkyl benzenes have a considerable cleaning effect
causing in its turn the filters to clog faster than usually in the time immediately after the oil change.
3. Polyalphaolefins
Polyalphaolefins represent synthetic oils of high chemical and thermal stability. Therefore, they are preferably
used in compressors operating at high discharge temperatures e.g. in heat pumps.
Polyalphaolefins are also employed in ammonia systems. The very low pour point permits very low
evaporating temperatures. The high flash point of the polyalphaolefins leads to smaller oil carry-over rate.
Attention: The high aniline point of polyalphaolefins causes a relatively high shrinkage of O-rings whereby
leakages may occur even at static seals, when mineral oils or alkyl benzenes are replaced by
polyalphaolefins. For this reason, the use of pure PAO-oils in Grasso-compressors is not permitted at present.
Shrinkage is prevented by adding of alkyl benzene. Therefore synthetic oil blends comprising polyalphaolefin
and alkyl benzene may be employed.
4. Ester oils
In contrast to mineral oil, alkyl benzene and polyalphaolefin ester oils are soluble in the new non-chlorinated
HFCs (R 134a, R 404A, R 507 etc.). Therefore, the ester oils are the only lubricants at present which may be
used for the HFCs. Ester oils possess a higher flash point whereby the oil vapour portion from the oil
separator and hence the oil carry-over rate are favourably affected. Ester oils are hygroscopic. They absorb
water when getting in contact with the atmosphere. For this reason, ester oils have to be stored in closed
tanks. Prior to oil charging, the compressor has to be thoroughly evacuated.
5. Polyglycol oil
Polyglycol oils are ammonia soluble and very hygroscopic. Thats why the same requirements have to be
imposed as when handling ester oil. When selecting the oil take into consideration the reduction of viscosity
caused by the refrigerant solved in the oil. Check the fluidity of the oil in the evaporator with consideration of
the miscibility between the lubricating oil and refrigerant at the corresponding evaporating temperatures.
040 030e - 2/4
00.09/ 0
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
PARAMETERS USED FOR OILS:

Specific gravity
The difference in specific gravity between the refrigerant liquid and the oil may be of interest for oil return.
In this case it should be considered that alkyl benzene has a lower specific gravity than mineral oil and polyglykol
has a higher specific gravity than mineral oil. The method for specific gravity measurement is described in DIN
51757.
Viscosity
According to ISO standard 3448 lubricants are classified in viscosity grades indicated as ISO VG numbers. The
ISO-no. is a nominal guide value only, i. e. the actual viscosity may vary in certain ranges (DIN 51562). The
viscosity indicated refers to 40 C and to 100 C.
Viscosity index
The viscosity index gives the relationship between the change in viscosity depending on the temperature (ISO
2909). A high viscosity index means smaller changes in viscosity at temperature changes as compared to a low
viscosity index.
Flash point
The flash point indicates at which temperature the vapours escaping from a heated cup may be ignited over a
flame. The method of measurement is described in ISO 2592. Oils with high flash point have a low oil vapour
pressure. This will enhance the possibilities of oil separation from a compressed gas in the oil separator and
reduce the oil carry-over rate from the compressor into the plant.
Pour point
The pour point is the temperature at which the fluidity of an oil decreases to an extent that under certain
conditions it will no more leave a jar within 5 sec. According to standard the pour point temperature is by 3 %
lower than the measured temperature (method of measurement according to ISO 3016). The pour point is
interesting for working media combinations which are not soluble with each other. Oils having a low pour point
can be returned to the suction side more easily than oils having a high pour point. The practice, however, shows
that oils may be used even at evaporating temperatures lower than the pour point without any operating
problems.
Floc point
The floc point indicates the temperature at which liquid R12 with the addition of 10 % oil will show flocculation
by wax particles precipitating from the oil when chilled (method of measurement according to DIN 51351).
The floc point is of interest when oil and refrigerant can be mixed. The floc point indicates that an oil contains
but a few wax particles and that plants employing HCFC (e. g. R22) can be operated at low evaporating
temperatures. When wax precipitation from the oil takes place, problems are to be expected at the expansion
valve or at the regulating valves. For ester oils a critical solution temperature is given measured with a mixture of
10 % oil and 90 % of R134a. The critical solution temperature is the temperature at which the oil completely
precipitates from the refrigerant (non-standardized value).
Aniline point
The aniline point indicates the temperature at which the oil concerned shows a homogenous mixture with pure
aniline. The aniline point is the measurement of the quantity of unsaturated carbon which can be found in the
oil. It is an indication of the compatibility of different sealing materials coming into contact with the oil (method
of measurement according to ISO 3977). Most lubricating oils possess a low aniline point. Neoprene and
chloroprene will swell. For this reason, O-rings have to be replaced after dismantling. Polyalphaolefin has a high
aniline point causing neoprene to shrink. (use of HNBR required).
Neutralization number
The neutralization number gives the acid content of an oil and is determined by titration with potassium
hydroxide solution (KOH). The value is given in mg of KOH per g of oil (method of measurement according to
DIN 51558). Fresh oils should have a low neutralization number.
Hints for oil change
Prior to changing the oil brand or the manufacturer of an oil, consult the compressor manufacturer to prevent
problems in plant operation. In case of incompatible oil brands precipitations from the oil can occur which might
lead to problems within the plant (oil filter, lubrication of bearings, oil return not guaranteed). If, however, it
should be necessary to employ another type of oil, it is of vital importance to remove all the oil from the plant
and to thoroughly clean both the compressor and oil separator (if possible, perform additional scavenging).
Oil selection table
All oils permitted for the Grasso-screw compressors are given in the oil selection table. Depending on the specific
conditions of a plant consider the above technical features when selecting an oil.
00.09/ 0
040 030e - 3/4
SCREW COMPRESSORS
Grasso
TABLE
REFRIGERANT OIL COMPATIBILITY
Ammonia
(NH3)
R22
R134a
R404A
R507
Mineral oil (M)
Polyalphaolefins
(PAO)
Alkyl benzene
(AB)
Polyglycol
(PAG)
Ester oil
M + AB
PAO + AB
x = suitable, use of CR-O-rings

* = suitable, use of HNBR O-rings
- = not suitable
040 030e - 4/4
00.09/ 0
Grasso
I.
A
Screw compressors for single stage

screw packages
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Oil pump
P+I-No
for refrigeration/a.c./heat pump (cooled injection oil)
intern
SM11
for booster / for refrigeration and a.c. with low condending temperature
(external oil pump for functional oil supply only)
extern
SM12
heat pump (uncooled injection oil)
intern
SM13
for ammonia chiller with PAG oil

(external oilpump for mechanical shaft seal only)
extern
SM14
for refrigeration/a.c./heat pump (cooled injektion oil)
intern
SD11
for booster / for refrigeration and a.c. with low condending temperature
(external oil pump for functional oil supply only; 2 oil stop valves each
compressor)
extern
SD12
for booster/ for refrigeration and a.c. with low condending temperature
(external oil pump for whole oil supply; 1 oil stop valve each compressor)
extern
SD13
for heat pump (uncooled injection oil)
intern
SD14
Oil pump
P+I-No
Mono-Packs: 1 screw in 1 package
Duo-Packs: 2 screws in 1 package

part load range of each 15%/100%, with position indicator)
II
Screw compressors for two stage packages
as high pressure stage (external oil pump for functional oil supply only)
extern
SM21
as Booster (with side load at intermediate pressure)

(external oil pump for 4 - solenoid valve block only)
extern
SM22
Remarks: Oil Pump - intern means: oil pump is a part of the screw compressor
- extern means: oil pump is a part of the package
The P & I diagramms have to be used for all permitted refrigerants including ammonia and all permitted oils.
For use of the combination of Ammonia and PAG-oil please contact Grasso R.T. in Berlin.
Screw compressors for DuoPacks are suitable for use in Multi-Packages with more than 2 screw compressors
The external oil pump has to supply functional oil with a pressure of pk+0,5 bar < poil < pk+2,5 bar.
The delivery flow of external oil pump has to be selected depending on compressor size (see compressor
selection program) and depending on the number of compressors in a package. The compressor selection
program calculates the oil volume flow for 1 screw compressor.
The integrated oil pump delivers 3 l/min only and supplies it to the hydraulic system (solenoid valve block);
the oil pressure of the integrated oil pump is limited by means of a integrated oil pressure control valve to 6
bar over pressure of functional oil.
Screw compressors for heat pump application are equipped with one side acting thrust bearings. It is not
allowed to use an external oil pump in screw compressors series SH and MC for heat pump application.
06.10.00/ 0
040 800e - 1/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P+I DIAGRAM SM11

SERIES SH
MONOPACK, SINGLE STAGE, INTERNAL OIL PUMP
basic plate
X2
R
C
oil supply
cooled oil
to oil filter
Screw
compressor
oilmanagement block 1
from oil filter
oil flow control valve

injected oil
injected oil
check valve
integrated oil pressure

control valve
functional oil
H
L
X1
p
solenoid valve block
040 800e - 2/20
measuring oil pressure

at discharge side of oil pump
integrated oil pump, flanged housing
06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SM12
SERIES SH
MONOPACK, SINGLE STAGE, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP

behind integrated oil filter
external oil pressure control valve

(0,5...2,5 bar)
external oil pump
cooled oil
p
Package
X2
R
C
oil supply
to oil filter

injected oil
from oil filter
closing stopper
injected oil
Screw
compressor
functional oil
L
basic plate
X1
p
solenoid valve block,

internal supply
06.10.00/ 0

at discharge side of external oil pump
040 800e - 3/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SM13
SERIES SH
MONOPACK, HEAT PUMP, INTERNAL OIL PUMP
external oil filter functional

il
oil cooler functional oil
uncooled oil

behind filter
Package
functional oil
X2
R
C
oil supply
to oil filter

injected oil
from oil filter
closing stopper
injected oil

control valve
Screw
compressor
functional oil
H
L
Z
basic plate
X1
p
040 800e - 4/20

06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SM14
SH SERIES
MONOPACK, DX CHILLER, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP
external oil pump

behind integrated oil
fil

(0,5...2,5 bar)
cooled oil
Package
X2
R
C
oil supply
to oil filter

injected oil
from oil filter

injected oil
Closing stopper
Screw
compressor
functional oil
discharge housing
basic plate
functional oil
shaft seal
N
L
Closing expander
X1
closing stopper
p

external supply
06.10.00/ 0

and functional oil
040 800e - 5/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SD11
SERIES SH
DUO PACK, SINGLE STAGE/HIGH STAGE, INTERNAL OIL PUMP
measuring oil pressure behind

filter and solenoid stop valve
X2
basic plate
R
C
oil supply
cooled oil
to oil filter
solenoid stop valve
from oil filter
injected oil
functional oil

injected oil
Screw
Compressor
check valve
integradet oil pressure

control valve
X1
040 800e - 6/20
integradet oil pump, flanged housing
06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SD12
SERIES SH
DUO PACK, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP, SINGLE STAGE, BOOSTER
solenoid stop valve
external oil pump
external oil pressure

control valve (0,5...2,5 bar)

behind filter
Package
X2
cooled oil
external oil filter
R
C
oil supply
Injected oil
Screw
compressor
solenoid stop valve

injected oil
functional oil
closing stopper
L
basic plate
X1
p

internal supply
06.10.00/ 0

discharge side oil pump, functional oil
040 800e - 7/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SD13
SERIES SH
DUO PACK, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP, SINGLE STAGE
external oil pump

for whole oil supply
external oil pressure

control valve (0,5...2,5 bar)

behind filter
Package
K
X2
cooled oil
external oil filter
R
oil supply
C
solenoid stop valve
injected oil
Screw
compressor

injected oil
functional oil
basic plate
oilmangement block 2
X1
p

internal supply
040 800e - 8/20

discharge side of oil pump, functional oil
06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SD14
SERIES SH
DUO PACK, INTERNAL OIL PUMP, HEAT PUMP
external oil filter functional oil
uncooled oil
behind filter
Package
functional oil
X2
R
C
injected oil
to oil filter
solenoid stop valve
from oil filter
injected oil
integradet oil pressure

control valve
Verdichter
injected oil
functional oil
H
ldruckRegulierventil
Z
X1
closing stopper
06.10.00/ 0

integradet oil pump,

flanged housing
basic plate
040 800e - 9/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SM21
SERIES SH
MONOPACK, TWO STAGE/HIGH PRESSURE STAGE, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP
external oil pump
external oil pressure contro lvalve

(0,5...2,5 bar)
Package
K
X2

behind filter
cooled oil
external oil filter
R
C
oil supply

injected oil
closing stopper
injected oil
Screw
compressor
functional oil
L
basic plate
X1
p

internal supply
040 800e - 10/20
measuring oil pressure at discharge side

of external oil pump and functional oil
06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM SM22
SERIES SH
MONOPACK, TWO STAGE/BOOSTER, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP
external oil pump

(0,5...2,5 bar)

behind filter
cooled oil
Package
external oil filter
X2
R
C
oil supply

injected oil
injected oil
Screw
functional oil
L
basic plate
X1

external supply
06.10.00/ 0
closing stopper
040 800e - 11/20
Grasso
I.
Screw compressors for single stage screw packages
Mono-Packs: 1 screw in 1 package
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Oil pump
P+I-No
for refrigeration/a.c./heat pump (cooled injection oil)
intern
MM11
for booster / for refrigeration and a.c. with low condensing temperature
(external oil pump for functional oil supply only)
extern
MM12
heat pump (uncooled injection oil)
intern
MM13
for ammonia chiller with PAG oil

(external oil pump for mechanical shaft seal only)
extern
MM14
for refrigeration/a.c./heat pump (cooled injektion oil)
intern
MD11
for booster / for refrigeration and a.c. with low condensing temperature
(external oil pump for functional oil supply only;
2 oil stop valves each compressor)
extern
MD12
for heat pump (uncooled injection oil)
intern
MD13
Oil pump
P+I-No
Duo-Packs (2 screws in 1 package/ part load range of each 15 or 30%/100%,

with position indicator)
II
Screw compressors for two stage packages
as high pressure stage (external oil pump for functional oil supply only)
extern
MM12
as Booster (with side load at intermediate pressure)

(external oil pump for 4 - solenoid valve block only)
extern
MM21
Remarks: Oil Pump - intern means: oil pump is a part of the screw compressor
- extern means: oil pump is a part of the package
The P & I diagramms have to be used for all permitted refrigerants including ammonia and all permitted oils.
For use of the combination of Ammonia and PAG-oil please contact Grasso R.T. in Berlin.
Screw compressors for DuoPacks are suitable for use in Multi-Packages with more than 2 screw compressors
The external oil pump has to supply functional oil with a pressure of pk+0,5 bar < poil < pk+2,5 bar.
The delivery flow of external oil pump has to be selected depending on compressor size (see compressor
selection program) and depending on the number of compressors in a package. The compressor selection
program calculates the oil volume flow for 1 screw compressor.
The integrated oil pump delivers 9 l/min only and supplies it to the hydraulic system (solenoid valve block);
the oil pressure of the integrated oil pump is limited by means of a integrated oil pressure control valve to 6
bar over pressure of functional oil.
Screw compressors for heat pump application are equipped with one side acting thrust bearings. It is not
allowed to use an external oil pump in screw compressors series SH and MC for heat pump application.
040 800e - 12/20
06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MM11
SERIES MC
MONOPACK, SINGLE STAGE, INTERNAL OIL PUMP
oil supply
injectedl oil
oil flow control check valve
injected oil
cooled oil
Screw
compressor
C2
oil supply
functional oil
functional oil
C1

control valve
06.10.00/ 0

040 800e - 13/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MM12
SERIES MC
MONOPACK, SINGLE STAGE, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP
oil filter
(0,5...2,5 bar)
Package
cooled oil
Package
external oil pump
injected oil
oil supply
injectedl oil
Screw
compressor
C2
oil supply
functional oil
functional oil
C1
S
p

internal supply
040 800e - 14/20

06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MM13
SERIES MC
MONOPACK, HEAT PUMP; INTERNAL OIL PUMP
uncooled oil
behind filter
Package
external oil filter injected oil

uncooled oil
cooled oil
oil supply
injectedl oil
injected oil
D
Screw
compressor
C2
oil supply
functional oil
functional oil
C1

control valve
06.10.00/ 0

040 800e - 15/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MM14
SERIES MC
DX CHILLER, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP
external oil filter
external oil pump

(0,5...2,5 bar)
Package
cooled oil
injected oil
Oil flow control

check valve
injected oil
check valve
oil supply
injected oil
Screw
compressor
C2
Functional oil discharge
housing
functional oil
C1
Functional oil shaft seal
functional oil, oil pump pressure
E
closing expander, only types H and L
S
p

internal supply
040 800e - 16/20

discharge side oil pump
06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MD11
SERIES MC
DUO PACK, SINGLE STAGE/HIGH PRESSURE STAGE, INTERNAL OIL PUMP
solenoid stop valve
cooled oil
Package
injected oil
D
oil supply
injectedl oil
Screw
compressor
C2
oil supply
functional oil
functional oil
C1

control valve
06.10.00/ 0

040 800e - 17/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MD12
SERIES MC
DUO PACK, SINGLE STAGE, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP
oil filter

(0,5...2,5 bar)
cooled oil
Package
solenoid stop valve
external oil pump
solenoid stop valve
injected oil
oil supply
injectedl oil
Screw
compressor
C2
oil supply
functional oil
functional oil
C1
S
p

internal supply
040 800e - 18/20

06.10.00/0
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MD13
SERIES MC
DUO PACK, HEAT PUMP, INTERNAL OIL PUMP
uncooled oil
behind filter
external oil filter injected oil
Package
solenoid stop valve
uncooled oil
cooled oil
oil supply
injectedl oil
injected oil
D
Screw
compressor
C2
oil supply
functional oil
functional oil
C1

control valve
06.10.00/ 0

040 800e - 19/20
P + I DIAGRAMS
SCREW COMPRESSOR
SERIES SH AND MC
Grasso
P + I DIAGRAM MM21
SERIES MC
MONOPACK, TWO STAGE/BOOSTER, EXTERNAL OIL PUMP

(0,5...2,5 bar)
Package
cooled oil
external oil pump
injected oil
Screw
compressor
C2
functional oil
(discharge pressure)
functional oil
C1
E
S
p

external supply
040 800e - 20/20

(discharge side oil pump)
closing stopper
06.10.00/0
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
OVERALL CONCEPT
SCREW COMPRESSORS
SH SERIES, TYPES C, D, E, G
Brief Description
Design Features
03.2002
AISH02-1_gbr.doc - 1/3
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Screw compressors of oil-flooded construction with
continuously variable capacity control and an
adjustable Vi-volume ratio. The compressors are
compactly designed and have the following integrated
subassemblies:
Check valve suction side

Suction filter
Oil filter system
Flanged oil pump
Overflow valve between discharge and suction side
Check valve discharge side
Solenoid valve blocks to control the capacity control

and Vi-adjustment
Flange connection between compressor and drive
motor
The following subassemblies are optional:
heck valve suction side
Suction filter
Oil filter
Oil pump
Figure 1 Screw compressor SH Series

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Centering flange
Suction filter
Solenoid valves for capacity control and Vi-Adjustment
Oil filter
Overflow valve
Oil pump
Overflow valve
The corresponding design can be seen from the List of
Parts supplied with the compressor concerned.
03.2002
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
DESIGN FEATURES
ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS:
Theoretical suction volume:

C: 231 m/h
D: 265 m/h
E: 321 m/h
G: 372 m/h
For a second volume flow (e.g. for coupling an

economizer)
Lateral arrangement of the connecting flange

suction side
For preventing gas pulsations
Optional lateral or lower arrangement of the

connecting flange discharge side
For external oil pump
Asymmetrical rotor profile with a lobe ratio male

rotor/ female rotor of 5 : 6
Capacity control and Vi-adjustment with 2 independently operating slides which are hydraulically
adjustable (parallel slide system PS)
Hermetically sealed electronic modules for
displaying the position of the control slide
For injecting liquid refrigerant (additional cooling)

For oil return from the refrigerating plant
For adjusting the capacity control
GAUGE CONNECTIONS
For measuring the temperature and pressure on
the suction and discharge side and of the oil system
compressor drive motor
suction filter
coupling
housing
Shaft sealing by means of balanced and oil-sealed

mechanical seal

for capacity control
Cylindrical roller bearings and ball bearings to

absorb radial and axial forces
Partial compensation of the axial forces by means
of a balancing piston
Mechanism to prevent gas pulsations in the lower
part-load range at high operating pressure levels
Operation of the compressor with flanged or
external oil pump
Operation of the capacity control with flanged oil
pump
An oil connection to the internal oil system for:
oil connection
for Vi-adjustment
check valve
oil filter
check valve
suction nozzle
Shaft sealing
Bearing lubrication
overflow valve
Oil pump
Partial compensation of the axial forces
Oil injection into the working area
Solenoid valve on oil connection (special design)
discharge nozz
Figure 2 Screw compressor SH Series
03.2002
DESCRIPTION OF DESIGN
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
02.04.02/ 0
Electric motor, Coupling

Compressor casing
Rotors
Bearings
Shaft sealing
Compression
Capacity control/Vi-Adjustment
Display of slide position
Oil filter
Oil pump
Solenoid valve blocks
Check valve/ Filter suction side
Overflow valve
Grasso
ELECTRIC MOTOR, COUPLING
ROTORS
Electric drive motor, coupling complex and compressor

together form a unit and the parts are assembled in
modular design. The electric motor and the
compressor are each provided with a centering flange.
Both parts are connected to one another and centered
by the coupling casing. The unit is provided with three
mounting points, two of which are located on the
coupling casing and the third is formed by the
discharge flange of the compressor. Different types of
electric motors are available, the choice of which
depends on the application conditions of the
compressor according to a special data sheet (cf.
Product Information Screw Compressor, data sheet
No. 040200).
Electric motors are allocated various coupling casings
and coupling sizes. The allocation is seen from the List
of Parts supplied.
The rotors are made of C 45 material. Male and female

rotors each have different profile diameters.
The compressor has a standard frame size.
The radial forces are absorbed by high-performance

cylindrical roller bearings with a solid cage. Angular
contact ball bearings, which are installed crosswise in
pairs, absorb the axial forces. In addition, they ensure
precise axial guidance and positioning of the rotors.
The angular contact ball bearings are equipped with a
solid cage for the special requirements of the screw
compressor. They have radial clearance at the outer
rings towards the casing which precludes a radial load
and increases their service life. The outer rings are
firmly tightened axially to prevent them from rotating.
COMPRESSOR CASING
The casing is made of grey cast iron and designed in
two parts. It consists of a rotor suction casing and a
discharge casing, and it has vertical parting joints. The
discharge casing is sealed off by the covering flange.
The connection flange on the suction side is arranged
vertically on the female rotor side of the compressor
and the connection flange on the discharge side is
arranged horizontally. A second outlet on the
discharge side (on the female rotor side) with a vertical
connection flange is optionally available.
The casing parts and the covers and flanges located in
the casing are sealed with O-rings. Screw-plugs are
provided for oil drainage.
Covering flanges with guide surfaces for the Vi-slide
are attached to the front wall of the working area on
the suction side. The axial outlet opening is integrated
in the front wall of the working area on the discharge
side.
The speed ratio of the male to female rotor is 5:6.

The shaft section of the male rotor where the shaft
seal is arranged is chrome-plated.
The rotor profile is manufactured with high precision
by means of the hobbing process, thus attaining
excellent coefficients of performance. Every rotor is
carefully dynamically balanced.
BEARINGS
As a result of compression, radial and axial forces act
on the rotors. These forces are absorbed by appropriate bearing elements.
Large axial forces act on the male rotor. A balancing

piston is therefore arranged on the male rotor shaft
on the suction side of the compressor to unload the
angular contact ball bearings. The balancing piston is
loaded on one side with the lubricating oil under
discharge pressure and produces an axial counterforce.
This helps to extend the service life of the bearings.
In compressors which are designed for heat pump
application, the angular contact ball bearings are
installed in tandem arrangement.
Connections on the compressor casing allow measurement of temperature and pressure on the suction and
discharge side and of the oil system.
02.04.02/0
Grasso
SHAFT SEALING
The driven male rotor is sealed on the shaft bushing on
the suction end by means of an oil-sealed mechanical
contact seal. This seal has a balanced design so as to
achieve a maximum service life.
In the standard design, the counter ring arranged in
the cover is made of a special grey cast iron alloy, and
the elastic seal ring rotating with the shaft is made of
antimony-bound hard carbon. An O-ring takes over the
secondary sealing between the slide ring and the shaft.
For extreme loads and on customers request, there
are available special designs of shaft seals featuring
high-quality mating materials for both the seal- and
counter ring (e.g. silicon carbides, hard metals, special
hard carbons).
A suction side
B discharge side
The sealing space is supplied with lubricating oil which

is under discharge pressure. This space is sealed off
towards the inside area of the compressor by the
balancing piston. The sealing surfaces of the carbon
ring and counter ring face one another without
contact. They are separated from one another by a
thin oil film. Although there is a slight amount of
leakage, a high service life is however attained.
COMPRESSION
During rotation of the rotors the meshing shifts from
the suction side to the discharge side. This causes a
V-shaped lobe space to form between each of the
2 male and female rotor lobes. This lobe space
increases to a maximum size (Suction process: Figure 1;
1-3, View of the upper side of the rotors).
As the rotors rotate further, the V-shaped lobe space is
closed by the new meshing on the suction side. The
lobe space is then constantly reduced by the
continuing intermeshing of the lobes (Compression
process: Figure 1; 4-5, View of the lower side of the
rotors).
The reduction in lobe space takes place on the lower
side of the rotors towards the discharge side. The
compression process is complete when the lobe space
has reached the control edges which are incorporated
in the casing and control slide or Vi-slide (Figure 1; 6).
The control edges belong to the outlet opening which
has an axial and a radial part. The position of the
control edges determines the size of the compressed
volume and thus the degree of compression. When
rotation continues, the compressed volume is pressed
out of the lobe space which reduces to zero into the
discharge space of the compressor. This cycle is
repeated for each subsequent lobe space, thus
achieving an almost constant volume flow.
Figure 1 Compression process
02.04.02/ 0
Grasso
CAPACITY CONTROL/ VI-ADJUSTMENT

The capacity control is based on the control of the
volume flow operating on the principle of shortening
the effective rotor length. This is achieved by means of
the control slide which is part of the casing wall. When
the control slide is adjusted, a bypass opening emerges
which provides a connection to the suction area of the
compressor (Figure 2).
By means of the capacity control the volume flow of
the compressor is continuously adjustable between
100% and about 10%.
control edge
When in the minimum position, the control slide

reduces compression work to a minimum thus ensuring
unloaded startup of the compressor.
Internal Volume Ratio Vi:
The internal volume ratio Vi is a characteristic number
of the screw compressor. It is the ratio of the lobe
space volume at the beginning of compression to the
lobe space volume at the end of compression.
The end of compression and internal volume ratio Vi
are determined by the size of the outlet opening, i.e.
the position of the control edges at the radial outlet
opening. In compressors with adjustable Vi this
opening is arranged in the Vi-slide (Figure 2). Control
slide and Vi-slide together form part of the lower wall
surface of the working area.
Different Vi-adjustments can be set by moving the
Vi-slide to 2 axial positions in the full-load or upper
part-load operating range. This also alters the position
of the control edges.
The volume ratio Vi can be adjusted to suit the external operating conditions (suction pressure, discharge
pressure) in such a way that the pressure in the lobe
space is about the same as the external discharge
pressure by the time it reaches the outlet opening. So
there is minimum loss during compression and a minimum level of driving power is necessary in each case.
Vi-slide
control slide
bypass opening
bypass
opening
outlet
opening
control edge
control slide
Vi-slide
The optimum position of the Vi-slide is calculated by

the programmable control equipment of the compressor according to an empirical algorithm.
Compressors which have a fixed volume ratio Vi are
not fitted with a Vi-slide. In this case the volume ratio
Vi is determined by the size of the radial outlet
opening arranged in the control slide.
Control slide and Vi-slide are operated individually by
means of separate hydraulic systems. The Vi-slide is
arranged across the entire length of the working area
and guided inside the control slide.
Vi-slide
control slide
Figure 2 Principle of capacity control and Vi-adjustment
02.04.02/0
Grasso
Adjusting the Control Slide:

The control slide is connected to a hydraulic piston by
means of a piston rod. Different pressures (oil pump
discharge pressure/suction pressure) on both sides of
the hydraulic piston cause the slide to alter its position.
In addition, a second adjusting force acts on the
control slide which is produced by the different
pressure levels (discharge pressure/suction pressure) on
the front ends of the control slide.
The hydraulic piston slides within a cylinder closed on
both ends. Internal oil drainage ducts and solenoid
valves arranged on the compressor fill up and empty
the cylinder spaces (refer to the section Solenoid Valve
Blocks). A tension spring is attached to the control
slide. It causes the contol slide to be shifted towards its
Minimum position when the compressor is shut down
or idling.
In the upper part-load range, the Vi-slide is adjusted
together with the control slide in order to maintain the
Vi volume ratio at an energetically optimum level.
When the control slide is in its minimum position, the
edge of the control slide on the suction side closes the
passing lobe space when the axial outlet opening on
the discharge side is reached.
The control slide moves underneath the axial outlet
opening which is part of the discharge casing. A tappit
on the face of the control slide on the discharge side
slides along the rod and serves as an anti-rotation
device.
Stop sleeve for limiting the MIN position of the
control slide
In screw compressors operating in parallel with other
machines and featuring a check valve on the discharge
side, the positioning length of the control slide is
reduced, and the MIN position of the control slide is
limited prematurely by a stop ( in 35%, 30% or 15%
position). The limitation is obtained by means of a stop
sleeve mounted on the piston rod behind the piston
(see figure). The sleeve is mounted onto the piston rod
and secured in a fixed position by 2 O rings.
A sticker on the position sensor of the slide (cf. section
of Display System of Slide Position) gives the changed
current signal resulting from the changed Minimum
position of the control slide.
Compressors without stop sleeves may also be
operated in parallel. In this case, the compressor
control system has to cause the compressor to shut
down prior to attaining the Minimum position of the
control slide. For this purpose, a special calculation
algorithm was developed by Grasso GmbH.
02.04.02/ 0
stop sleeve
Figure 3: Stop sleeve for limiting the MIN position of the

control slide
Adjusting the Vi-Slide:

A rod with a piston is attached to the discharge side of
the face area of the Vi-slide to adjust the position of
the slide. The piston slides inside a cylinder. By
reducing the pressure in the cylinder space to the same
level as the suction pressure of the compressor, a force
develops on the piston which adjusts the position of
the Vi-slide towards the discharge side as far as the
stop. This brings about Vi-enlargement (outlet window
reduction). Positioning of the Vi-slide towards the
suction side (Vi-reduction or outlet window
enlargement) takes place by means of the prevailing
pressure difference between the discharge and suction
pressure on the front sides of the slide.
In order for this effect to happen, the cylinder space
has to be fed with oil at the same time which is under
discharge pressure. Thus, the forces acting on the
piston are balanced. The cylinder space is charged and
drained via external piping and solenoid valves
arranged on the closure flange of the compressor.
The compressor control device computes the optimum
Vi-values for setting the position of the Vi-slide.
Compressors of the standard design which have a fixed
volume ratio Vi are not fitted with a Vi-slide. The
control slides are provided with an outlet opening
corresponding to a Vi of 2.6; 3.6 or 4.8. The Vi level
must be determined before the compressor is
manufactured.
Grasso
DISPLAY OF CONTROL SLIDE POSITION

The position of control slide is recorded by one
position sensor display systems (Hermetical DifferentialTransformer HDT) arranged on the casing wall of the
discharge side.
By means of 2 series connected tension springs of
different lengths the large length of adjustment of the
slide/piston rod/hydraulic piston complex can be
reduced to a small length which corresponds to the
measuring range of the position sensor. A long pin is
attached to the junction of both springs where a small
length of adjustment appears. The end of the pin
slides into a coil of the position sensor thus generating
a measuring signal by altering the inductivity
(Figure 4).
Depending on the position of the control slide, i.e.
depth of the pin immersion, the position sensor
supplies an output signal of between 4 and 20 mA
(Figure 5).
control slide position [%]
Figure 4 Functional diagram of the position sensor

system of control slide
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Output signal [mA]
Figure 5 Position sensor signal of the control slide position
02.04.02/0
Grasso
OIL FILTER
The compressor is equipped with an integrated oil
filter. The oil filter space is arranged transversely
beneath the control slide. Oil is delivered to the
compressor via the base plate of the oil supply system
(male rotor side).
A partial flow is taken from the filter space and
conducted into the rotor working space for cooling,
lubrication and sealing (cooling oil). A second partial
flow is required to lubricate the bearings and to
activate the hydraulic device of the Vi-adjustment
(bearing oil).
Both partial oil flows discharged from the filter
chamber firstly enter the oil filter lid again which in the
standard design houses two check valves and one
control valve for the cooling oil (figure 6). These partial
flows are then conducted from the oil filter cover to
the consumption points via internal oil drainage holes
in the compressor casing. This arrangement allows the
oil filter space to be separated from the remaining
compressor space when changing the filter.
check valve
243
cooling oil
bearing oil
160
assembly cover
X2
oil inlet
C
105
86
regulating valve
132
base plate of the
oil supply system
106
119
oil filter insert
Figure 6 Schematic construction of the oil filter
A third partial flow taken from the filter space is

conducted via external oil pipe to the suction side of
the flanged or external oil pump.
Optional can be additional cooling oil via external pipe
from the filter space to the rotor working space.
The filter insert can be changed by removing the
assembly cover which is located opposite the oil filter
cover (on the female rotor side).
There is a connection point on the assembly cover for
measuring the pressure of the oil behind the filter
insert. The oil filter casing also has a connection point
for measuring the temperature of the oil.
02.04.02/ 0
Grasso
OIL PUMP
The oil of the oil pump is required to activate the
hydraulic device of the capacity control.The oil pump is
flanged at the frontage of the rotor casing.The female
rotor drives the oil pump. A partial flow from the filter
space is conducted via external pipe to the suction side
of the oil pump. The oil from the discharge side of the
oil pump enter the solenoid valve block of the capacity
control via second external pipe.
A overflow valve under the solenoid valve block
controls the pressure of the pump and conducts the
excess oil to the internal oil system of the compressor.
The pressure transmitter for measuring the pressure of
the oil pump is installed at the solenoid valve block.
P oil pump
Po
MIN
MAX
The flanged oil pump at the compressor does not exist,

when the package has a external oil pump.
SOLENOID VALVE BLOCKS
Figure 7 Functional diagram of the solenoid

valve block of the capacity control
The hydraulic spaces of capacity control and Viadjusting device are connected to the oil system of the
oil pump or to the compressor suction space
alternately via the solenoid valve blocks (Figure 7).
The valve blocks are screwed to a flat surface of the
casing fitted with boreholes which serve as a connection to the compressor suction side and to the
hydraulic spaces. The solenoid valve block is connected
to the oil pump via a separate connection.
In addition to the solenoid valves, control valves are
attached to the blocks. The adjusting speed of control
slide and Vi-slide can be influenced by means of these
valves by controlling the flow rate (cf. chapter
Connections, Schematic Diagram, Valves).
02.04.02/0
Grasso
NON-RETURN VALVE/ FILTER SUCTION SIDE
OVERFLOW VALVE
Non-return valve and suction filter are arranged

transversely on the upper side of the rotor suction
casing thus resulting in the lateral position of the
suction flange (female rotor side).
An overflow valve is arranged on the discharge side of

the compressor casing. The valve protects the
compressor discharge side from impermissible high
pressures.
The filter insert has a filter mesh size of 60 m and the

gas flows from inside to outside. The filter insert can
be changed by removing the filter cover (on the male
rotor side).
The valve acts as a back pressure-independent valve

and ist discharge side is connected with the inlet
(suction) side of the compressor.
The connection flange on the suction side is formed by

a pipe bend to ensure that the non-return valve is
accessible (by removing the pipe bend). The
compressor is optionally fitted with or without a nonreturn valve. A vibration damper is fitted on the check
valve. A spring-loaded pin bears with low force on the
valve stem. The spring force is adjustable and can be
varied from the outside with the compressor
operating.
Connection points for pressure and temperature
measurement are provided on the suction filter casing.
For pressure measurement, a connection is provided
upstream of the check valve.
The choice of valve depends on the specified discharge

pressure. The valve operates when the set pressure is
exceeded. The valve then opens a reverse current duct
in the casing and connects the discharge end with the
inlet (suction) side of the compressor. The overflow
valve insert screwed onto the casing can be unscrewed
and replaced. In addition, the valve seat ring screwed
in inside the compressor casing can also be replaced.
The pressure setting of the overflow valve is marked
on the screw plug. On request, the compressor can be
delivered without overflow valve if the package
incorporates other safety valves. In this case, the
internal back-flow channel in the compressor is closed
by a screw plug.
The compressor is not equipped with a suction filter in

case of application as HP-compressor for Two Stage
Packages.
NON-RETURN VALVE DISCHARGE SIDE
The non-return valve on the discharge side is integrated in the discharge casing and installed vertically.
It is accessible by means of a removable valve cover. In
parallel arrangement of compressors this valve ensures
separation from the subsequent oil separator when
the compressor is switched off. It also prevents the
compressor from rotating backwards. The non-return
valve is optional. The vertical opening is normally used
for operation of compressors without a non-return
valve in which case a discharge flange is attached in
place of the valve cover
02.04.02/ 0
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM, CONNECTIONS
Grasso
CONNECTIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
P + I diagram
Internal Piping Diagram
Connectio ns
Input Voltage for Pickups and Valves
Outer View of Compressor
11/2001/ Rev.2

Grasso
P+I DIAGRAM
The P+I diagram of the internal piping schematic of the screw compressor shown applies to standard application
in single-stage high-pressure operation. For other applications, e.g. in parallel operation, tandem application or,
when an external oil pump is used, there will be deviations from the piping schematic shown. For this purpose,
there exist separate simplified P+I diagrams listed in the data sheet 040800 with indication of special P+I
numbers. The data sheet is contained in the Product Information for Screw Compressors.
For the following piping schematic for standard application, the P+I diagram No. SM11 applies which is also
contained in data sheet 040800.
The nameplate of each compressor is marked with the pertaining P+I number.
INTERNAL PIPING DIAGRAM (STANDARD DIAGRAM)
701
11/2001/ Rev.2

Grasso
Pos.
Designation
Y1
Solenoid valve , control direction Max
Y2
Solenoid valve , control direction Min
Y3
Solenoid valve , control direction Min
Y4
Solenoid valve , control direction Max
Control valve control direction Max
Control valve control direction Min
Control valve control direction Max
Relief valve control direction Max
242
346
Suction filter
452
Position sensor: position control slide
243
Check valve
618
Overflow valve oil pumpe discharge side
454
Oil pump
119
Oil filter
86
Control/ stop valve cooling oil
413
701
Overflow valve
24
Control valve Vi-reduction
25
Control valve Vi-enlargement
27
Pickup suction temperature
28
Pickup discharge temperature
29
Pickup oil temperature
105
Drain valve
105
Drain valve
106
Stop valve oil pump suction side
Y5
Solenoid valve Vi-enlargement
Y6
Solenoid valve Vi-reduction

For other diagrams see Data sheet P+I diagrams 640060E.
11/2001/ Rev.2

Grasso
CONNECTIONS / THREADS
Item
A
B1/ B2
Purpose
Nominal width/threads
C/D
E/G
Suction nozzle
DN 80
DN 100
discharge side, below/ discharge side, lateral
DN 50
DN 65
M 26 x 1,5
M 26 x 1,5
M 33 x 2
M 33 x 2
Oil supply
Economizer
E1
Refrigerant liquid injection (LP)
M 14 x 1,5
M 14 x 1,5
E2
Refrigerant liquid injection (HP)
M 14 x 1,5
M 14 x 1,5
Gas pulsation protection
M 14 x 1,5
M 14 x 1,5
Additional oil injection
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
G1
Outlet oil stainer at the connection G
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Outlet oil strainer at the oil pump (connection Z)
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Supply function oil external oil pump
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Oil supply capacity control from oil pump
Oil return oil separator
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Oil supply function oil/ special design

or measure oil pressure of function oil
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Oil drain plug
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Ventilation compressor (Valve 105)
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Drain oil filter (Valve 105)
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Oil supply flanged oil pump
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
O1
Measure suction pressure
O2
Additional connection
Measure discharge pressure before check valve
Outlet oil strainer at the external oil pump
M 26 x 1,5
M 26 x 1,5
Measure discharge pressure after check valve
M 10 x 1,0
Item
Purpose
C/D
E/G
X1
Measure pressure oil pumpe
X2
measure oil pressure behind strainer
27
Measure suction temperature
M 12 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
28
Measure discharge temperature
M 12 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
29
Measure oil temperature
M 12 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
106
Stop valve pump suction side
11/2001/ Rev.2

Grasso
INPUT VOLTAGE
Item
Input
Output
Position sensor for position display control slide
24 V (DC)
4 - 20 mA
Y1/Y4
Solenoid valves capacity control , direction full load
240 V AC
220 V AC
Y2/Y3
Solenoid valves capacity control , direction part load
110 V AC
48 V AC
42 V AC
Y5
24 V DC
220 V AC,
Y6
expl.-proof
452
Purpose
11/2001/ Rev.2

Grasso
OUTER VIEW OF COMPRESSOR MALE ROTOR SIDE
REAR VIEW OF COMPRESSOR
11/2001/ Rev.2

Grasso
OUTER VIEW OF COMPRESSOR FEMALE ROTOR SIDE
11/2001/ Rev.2
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
OVERALL CONCEPT
SCREW COMPRESSORS
01.2003/2
Introduction
Compression
Capacity control
Vi-Adjustment
AI_MC_02_gbr.DOC - 1/5
Grasso
OVERALL CONCEPT
INTRODUCTION
Screw compressors of oil-flooded construction with
continuously variable capacity control and an
adjustable Vi-volume ratio. The compressors are
compactly designed and have the following integrated
subassemblies:
Non-return valve suction side
Suction filter
flanged oil pump
Solenoid valve blocks to control the capacity

control and Vi-adjustment
Special compressor types without integrated subassemblies may be designed for special application
fields. See compressor parts list.
The two rotors have a distinctive spiral gearing with
asymmetrical profile. They operate with a very small
clearance and are completely encased.
The male rotor driven by the motor has 5 teeth and it
drives the female rotor with 6 teeth. Cylindrical roller
bearings with increased load-carrying capacity absorb
the radial forces and angular contact ball bearings
absorb the axial forces. A balancing piston arranged
on the male rotor shaft reduces the forces on the
angular contact ball bearings. An oil-sealed and
balanced mechanical contact seal ensures that the
driving shaft is sealed off.
The capacity of the compressor and its internal
volume ratio Vi can be adjusted by means of two
adjustable slides, the control slide and the Vi-slide.
The slides are adjusted hydraulically by the flanged or
external oil pump. Hermetically sealed display systems
which function inductively are used to indicate the
position of the slides.
The entire oil supply system is arranged inside the
casing. Oil connections for functional oil and cooling
oil are connected to the oil system of the screw
compressor unit only.
The functional oil fulfils the following purposes :
lubrication of the bearings,
equalisation of the axial forces,
full-load/ part-load adjustment via oil pump,
Vi-adjustment,
lubrication/sealing of the shaft seal.
01.2003/2
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
The solenoid valves for the oil drainage system

integrated in the compressor for full-load/part-load
control and for Vi-control are arranged directly on the
compressor.
The cooling oil flows into the working area of the
compressor. The purpose of this oil is to cool the
compression process. It lubricates the rotor profile
and seals the gaps between the tooth flanks and
casing.
The oil which is fed into the compressor flows
together with the compressed refrigerant via the
discharge nozzle of the machine into an oil separator
which is connected downstream where the refrigerant
and oil are separated.
The compressor has a second suction opening for
feeding in a further volume flow (e.g. for economizer
coupling).
suction filter
suction nozzle
A connection is provided for oil return from the

refrigerating plant.
2 separates connections to the working area is provided for injection of liquid refrigerant. This allows for
additional cooling of the compression process.
Another connection at the pressure casing is provided
for a connecting pipe which comes from the oil
separator to prevent gas pulsations in the lower partload range at high operating pressure levels.
The standard compressor designs have a fixed Vi
volume ratio. They are available with Vi values of 2.6,
3.6, 4.8 and 5.5. Furthermore, a compressor type
designed for operation under low pressure conditions
(booster) and a compressor for extreme loads (heat
pump application) are available as special variants.
The compressor has gauge connections for measuring
the temperature and pressure on the suction and
discharge side and the oil system.
check valve
for Vi adjustment
solenoid valves for

capacity control
Vi-slide
control slide
discharge nozzle
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the screw compressor
01.2003/2
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
COMPRESSION
While the rotors are turning, the meshing shifts from
the suction side to the discharge side. A V-shaped
space is formed between 2 male and female teeth in
each case which increases to a maximum size (Suction
process: Figure 2; 1-3, View of the upper side of the
rotors).
Suction side
Discharge side
As the rotor continues to turn, the V-shaped space is

closed by the new meshing on the suction side. This
space gradually becomes smaller as the meshing
continues (Compression process: Figure 2; 4-5, View of
the lower side of the rotors).
The reduction in size takes place on the lower side of
the rotors towards the discharge side. The
compression process ends when the tooth space
reaches the control edges which are incorporated in
the casing and control slide or Vi-slide (Figure 2; 6).
The control edges are part of the outlet opening
which has an axial and a radial part.
The position of the conrol edges determines the size
of the compressed volume and thus the level of
compression. As the rotors continue to turn, the
compressed volume is pushed out of the tooth space
which diminishes to zero into the discharge area of
the compressor. The process described above is
repeated for every subsequent tooth space, thus
achieving an almost continuous delivery.
Figure 2: Compression process
01.2003/2
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
CAPACITY CONTROL/VI-ADJUSTMENT
Capacity control is based on the control of the
volume. It functions according to the principle of
effectively shortening the stroke. This is achieved by
means of the control slide which is part of the casing
wall. When the control slide is adjusted, a bypass
opening emerges which provides a connection to the
suction area of the compressor (Figure 3).
Control edge
By means of the capacity control the volume flow of

the compressor is continuously adjustable between
100% and about 10%.
When in the minimum position, the control slide
reduces compression work to a minimum thus ensuring
unloaded startup of the compressor.
Vi-slide
INTERNAL VOLUME RATIO VI:
Outlet opening
Control slide
Bypass opening
Bypass opening
The internal volume ratio Vi is a characteristic number

of the screw compressor. It is the ratio of the lobe
space volume at the beginning of compression to the
lobe space volume at the end of compression.
The end of compression and internal volume ratio Vi
are determined by the size of the outlet opening, i.e.
the position of the control edges at the radial outlet
opening. In compressors with adjustable Vi this
opening is arranged in the Vi-slide (Figure 3). Control
slide and Vi-slide together form part of the lower wall
surface of the working area. Different Vi-adjustments
can be set by moving the Vi-slide to various axial
positions in the full-load or upper part-load operating
range. This also alters the position of the control
edges.
The volume ratio Vi can be adjusted to suit the
external operating conditions (suction pressure,
discharge pressure) in such a way that the pressure in
the lobe space is about the same as the external
discharge pressure by the time it reaches the outlet
opening. So there is minimum loss during compression
and a minimum level of driving power is necessary in
each case.
The optimum position of the Vi-slide is calculated by
the programmable control equipment of the
compressor according to an empirical algorithm.
Compressors which have a fixed volume ratio Vi are
not fitted with a Vi-slide. In this case the volume ratio
Vi is determined by the size of the radial outlet
opening arranged in the control slide.
01.2003/2
Control edge
Control slide
Vi-slide
Vi-slide
Control slide
Figure 3: Principle of capacity control and
Vi-adjustment
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
01.2003/2
Casing
Check valve/ filter suction side
Rotors
Bearings
Shaft Sealing
Oil pump
Capacity control/ Vi-adjustment
Solenoid valve blocks
Display System of Slide Position
Grasso
Reference should be made to the lists of parts

and drawing index for a better understanding
of the following descriptions.
CASING
The casing is made of grey cast iron and designed in
two parts. It consists of a rotor suction casing and a
pressure casing, and it has vertical parting joints.
The connecting flanges which connect the suction side
to the discharge side are arranged horizontally.
The casing parts and the covers and flanges located in
the casing are sealed with O-rings.
Screw-plugs are provided for oil drainage.
Covering flanges with guide surfaces for the Vi-slide
are attached to the front wall of the working area on
the suction side.
The axial outlet opening is integrated in the front wall
of the working area on the discharge side.
NON-RETURN VALVE/FILTER SUCTION SIDE
Non-return valve and suction filter are arranged on
the upper side of the rotor suction casing .The filter
insert has a filter mesh size of 100 m and the gas
flows from inside to outside.
BEARINGS
As a result of compression, radial and axial forces act
on the rotors. These forces are absorbed by
appropriate bearing elements.
The radial forces are absorbed by high-performance
cylindrical roller bearings with a solid cage. Bearings of
differing sizes are installed on the discharge side of
the male and female rotor. This takes into account the
different force levels whilst utilizing the available
space.
Angular contact ball bearings, which are installed
crosswise in pairs, absorb the axial forces. In addition,
they ensure precise axial guidance and positioning of
the rotors. The angular contact ball bearings are
equipped with a solid cage for the special requirements in the screw-compressor. They have radial
clearance at the outer rings towards the casing which
precludes a radial load and increases their service life.
The outer rings are firmly tightened axially to prevent
them from rotating.
Large axial forces act on the male rotor. A balancing
piston is therefore arranged on the male rotor shaft
end on the suction side of the compressor to unload
the axial bearing.
The filter insert can be changed by removing the filter

cover.
The balancing piston is loaded on one side with the

lubricating oil under compression discharge pressure
and produces an axial counterforce. This helps to
extend the service life of the bearings.
The connection flange on the suction side has to form

by a pipe bend to ensure that the non-return valve is
accessible (by removing the pipe bend).
In compressors which are designed for heat pump

application, the axial bearings are installed in tandem
arrangement.
The compressor is optionally fitted with or without

non-return valve and suction filter. A vibration damper
is fitted on the check valve. A spring-loaded pin bears
with low force on the valve stem. The spring force is
adjustable and can be varied from the outside with
the compressor operating. Connection point for
temperature measurement is provided on the suction
filter casing. A connection point for pressure
measurement is available upstream of the non-return
valve.
The compressor has no suction filter when used as a
high pressure compressor on two-stage units.
ROTORS
Rotors are made of C 45 material. Male and female
rotors each have different profile diameters. The
speed ratio of the male to female rotor is 5 : 6.
The shaft section of the male rotor where the shaft
seal is arranged is chrome-plated. The rotor profile is
manufactured with high precision by means of the
hobbing process, thus attaining excellent coefficients
of performance.
SHAFT SEAL
The driven male rotor is sealed on the shaft bushing
on the suction end by means of an oil-sealed
mechanical contact seal. This seal has a balanced
design so as to achieve a maximum service life.
The counter ring arranged in the cover is made of
antimonous combined hard carbon and the elastic
slide ring which rotates with the shaft is made of a
high-quality grey cast iron alloy. An O-ring takes over
the secondary sealing between the slide ring and the
shaft. The sealing space which is under compression
discharge pressure is supplied with lubricating oil. This
space is sealed off towards the inside area of the
compressor by the balancing piston. The
sealingsurfaces of the carbon ring and counter ring
face one another without contact. They are separated
from one another by a thin oil film. Although there is a
slight amount of leakage, a high service life is however
attained.
01.2003/2
Grasso
OIL PUMP
The oil of the oil pump is required to activate the
hydraulic device of the capacity control. The oil pump
is flanged at the frontage of the rotor casing.The
female rotor drives the oil pump. A partial flow from
the space of the shaft seal is conducted via internal oil
drainage holes to the suction side of the oil pump.
The oil from the discharge side of the oil pump enter
the solenoid valve block of the capacity control via
external pipe.
A overflow valve under the solenoid valve block
controls the pressure of the pump and conducts the
excess oil to the internal oil system of the compressor.
The pressure transmitter for measuring the pressure of
the oil pump is installed at the solenoid valve block.
The flanged oil pump at the compressor does not
exist, when the package has a external oil pump.
Stop sleeve for limiting the MIN position of the

control slide
With respect to screw compressors co-operating with
other machines and in which a check valve is arranged
on the discharge side, the adjustment path of the
control slide is reduced while the MIN position of the
slide is limited by a premature stop (in the 35%, 30%,
or 15% position). The limitation is obtained by means
of a stop sleeve mounted on the piston rod behind
the piston (see figure). The sleeve is mounted onto the
piston rod and secured in a fixed position by 2 O rings.
Stop sleeve
CAPACITY CONTROL/ VI-ADJUSTMENT

Control slide und Vi-slide form part of the lower wall
surface of the working area. Both slides are operated
individually by means of separate hydraulic systems.
A bypass opening emerges when the control slide is
adjusted. It provides a connection to the suction area
of the compressor via ducts in the casing.
The size of the radial outlet opening of the working
area can be altered by adjusting the Vi-slide.
The control slide can be shifted axially from the fullload position towards the pressure casing. On the
suction side it is connected to a hydraulic piston by
means of a piston rod. The piston can be loaded with
oil of the oil pump in either direction and it slides
within a cylinder which is closed both ends. Internal oil
drainage ducts and solenoid valves arranged on the
compressor fill up and empty the cylindrical spaces of
the hydraulic piston.
A tension spring is attached to the control slide. This
tension spring adjusts the slide in direction to the
minimum position without oil pump when the
compressor is taken out of service.
In the upper part-load range, the Vi-slide is adjusted
together with the control slide in order to maintain
the Vi volume ratio at an energetically optimum level.
The effective rotor length can be continuously
shortened and the volume flow reduced by adjusting
the control slide.
The minimum part-load position results when the edge
of the control slide on the suction side closes the
passing tooth space at the latest before the axial
outlet opening on the discharge side is reached. The
control slide moves underneath the axial outlet
opening in the pressure casing.
A tappit on the face area of the control slide on the
discharge side slides along a rod and serves as an antirotation device.
01.2003/2
Figure 1: Stop sleeve for limiting the MIN position
of the control slide
During compression the difference between suction

and discharge pressure acts on the front ends of the
control slide by means of which an adjustment
towards the suction side, i.e. towards full-load, takes
place. For small pressure differences, the resulting
adjustment force is not high enough. It is increased by
loading the back of the hydraulic piston with oil of the
oil pump. The cylinder space at the front of the piston
is thereby discharged to the suction side.
The control slide is shifted towards the pressure
casing, i.e. towards part-load, by loading the front side
of the hydraulic piston with oil of the oil pump and
discharging the back side to the suction space.
The Vi-slide is arranged across the entire length of the
working area and guided inside the control slide. The
radial outlet opening is located on the discharge side
of the working area.
A rod with piston is attached to the discharge side of
the face area of the Vi-slide in order to adjust the
position of the slide towards the discharge side (Vienlargement or outlet window reduction). The piston
slides inside a cylinder. By reducing the pressure in the
cylinder area to the same level as the suction pressure
of the compressor, a force develops on the piston
which adjusts the position of the Vi-slide towards the
discharge side.
Grasso
Positioning of the Vi-slide towards the suction side (Vireduction or outlet window enlargement) takes places
by means of the prevailing pressure difference
between the discharge and suction pressure on the
front sides of the slide. Here oil under discharge
pressure enters the cylinder area thus balancing the
forces acting on the piston.
The cylinder area is filled and drained via internal
drainage holes and solenoid valves which are attached
to the closure flange of the compressor.
Compressors of the standard design which have a
fixed volume ratio Vi are not fitted with a Vi-slide. The
control slides are provided with an outlet opening
corresponding to a Vi of 2.6, 3.6, 4.8 or 5.5.
The Vi level must be determined before the
compressor is manufactured. This value depends on
the subsequent operating conditions (suction pressure,
discharge pressure).
SOLENOID VALVE BLOCKS
The hydraulic spaces of capacity control and Viadjusting device are connected to the oil system of
the oil pump or to the compressor suction space
alternately via the solenoid valve blocks.
DISPLAY SYSTEM OF SLIDE POSITION

The positions of control slide and Vi-slide are recorded
by separate position sensor-display systems
(Hermetical Differential-Transformer HDT) arranged
on the respective covers.
measuring range of the position sensor. A long pin is
attached to the junction of both springs where a small
length of adjustment appears. The end of the pin
slides into a coil of the position sensor thus
generating a test signal by altering the inductivity.
Depending on the position of the control slide, i.e.
depth of pin immersion, the position sensor supplies
an output signal of between 4 and 20 mA.
The position of the Vi-slide is recorded in the same
manner. The compressor control device computes the
optimum Vi-values. Based on these values, the Vi-slide
is set to the preset position recorded by the sensor.
The valve blocks are screwed to a flat surface of the

casing fitted with boreholes which serve as a
connection to the compressor suction side and to the
hydraulic spaces. The solenoid valve block is connected
to the oil pump via a separate connection.
In addition to the solenoid valves, control valves are
attached to the blocks. The adjusting speed of control
slide and Vi-slide can be influenced by means of these
valves by controlling the flow rate.
P Oil pump
Po
Figure 3 Functional diagram of the position sensor

system of control slide and Vi-slide
MIN
MAX
Figure 2 Functional diagram of the solenoid valve

block of the capacity control
01.2003/2
Grasso
CONNECTIONS, OIL PASSAGE

SCREW COMPRESSORS
01.2003/2
P + I Diagrams
Connections, Threads
Input Voltage
External Connections
Internal Oil Passage
Grasso
P+I DIAGRAMS
The hints given in the following concerning the internal oil circuit solely apply to the standard application of the
compressor in single-stage high-pressure operation. For the most different other cases of application of the
compressors (e. g. high-pressure operation, booster application, parallel- or tandem operation, flanged or
external oil pump), various versions and connection possibilities will be used. For a better understanding of this
great variety, there exist simplified P+I diagrams given on special data sheets in the Product Information on
Screw Compressors. The numbers of these
P+I diagrams are indicated on the type plate of the corresponding compressor.
Item
Purpose
Suction nozzle
Discharge nozzle
Nominal width/ threads

H/L
M/N
DN 125
DN 150
DN 80
DN 100
C1
Functional oil
M 22 x 1,5
M 22 x 1,5
C2
Functional oil
M 22 x 1,5
Oil injection compression chamber
M 22 x 1,5
M 26x1,5
Oil supply capacity control from oil pump
Economizer
M 42 x 2
M 48x2
G1
M 16 x 1,5
M 22 x 1,5
G2
M 16 x 1,5
M 22 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
M 22 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Measure suction pressure
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Measure discharge pressure
Measure suction temperature
M 12 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
Measure discharge temperature
M 12 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
Connection overflow valve
DN 80
DN 80
Measure pressure oil pumpe
Ventilation compressor (valve 105)
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
W1
Oil drain plug
M 16 x 1,5
M 22 x 1,5
W2
Oil drain plug
M 12 x 1,5
M 12 x 1,5
W3
Oil drain plug
M 12 x 1,5
M 22 x 1,5
--
--
Vibration damper
Z1
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
Z2
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
01.2003/2
Grasso
INPUT VOLTAGE
Item
Purpose
Input
Output
U1
Position sensor (452) for position display control slide
24 V (DC)
4 - 20 mA
U2
Position sensor (452) for position display Vi-slide
24 V (DC)
4 - 20 mA
Y1/Y4
Solenoid valves capacity control , direction full load
240 V AC
220 V AC
Y2/Y3
Solenoid valves capacity control , direction part load
110 V AC
48 V AC
Y5
42 V AC
24 V DC
Y6
01.2003/2
220 V AC,
expl.-proof
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
01.2003/2
Grasso
INTERNAL OIL PASSAGE
C2
C1
Female rotor
Oil pump
Suction side bearing
Male rotor
Discharge
side bearing
C2
Function oil
Balance piston
Injection oil
(cooling oil)
C1
Shaft seal
Function oil
D
Check valve ( external)
Connections
pressure transducer
Pressure control
valve - oil pump
Solenoid valve block
to capacity control
01.2003/2
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
OVERALL CONCEPT
SCREW COMPRESSORS
LT SERIES,
TYPES P, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD, XE, XF
Introduction
Compression
Oil system
Capacity control
Vi-Adjustment
07/2003
AI_LT_02_gbr.doc - 1/5
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
INTRODUCTION
The screw compressors herein described are twin-shaft
rotary piston machines operating on the positive
displacement principle with oil injection operating
with different refrigerants.
Both rotors are machined to a helical lobe asymmetric
profile intermeshing with minimal clearance and
enclosed in a housing.
The male rotor having 5 or 4 lobes and driven by the
motor drives in its turn the female rotor having 6
lobes.
Journal bearings support radial loads, and angular ball
bearings axial loads. A compensating (balance)
unloading piston fittet to the male rotor shaft reduces
axial-loading on the ball bearings. The drive shaft is
fitted with an oil-retaining, unloaded shaft seal.
The compressor's capacity and internal volume ratio Vi
can be set by two adjustable slides, i.e. the primary
Inlet
and secondary slides (tandem slides, system TS).

Adjustment and setting are by means of pressurised
oil which is supplied to the compressor. An hermetic
machanical-electrical display system indicates the
position of the primary slide (Position sensor).
The compressor has one or two additional suction
openings for feeding in a further volume flow (e.g. for
economizer coupling). Connections to the
compression chamber are provided for injecting liquid
refrigerant to provide additional cooling of the
compression process.
A connection from the oil-separator to the pressurecasing supplies oil for eliminating gas pulsations in the
lower part load range at high working pressure
conditions. Simplified construction of these
compressors features a fixed internal volume ratio Vi
of 2.6, 3.6, 4.8 or 5.5. In addition, a special model for
operation at low pressure differences (booster) is also
available.
Radial bearing
Male rotor
Axial bearing
Shaft seal
Outlet
Position
sensor
Hydraulically
system
Secondary
slide
Primary
slide
Balance
piston
Figure 1 Schematic Representation of the Compressor
07/2003
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
COMPRESSION
Suction side
Discharge side
While the rotors are turning, the meshing shifts from

the suction side to the discharge side. A V-shaped
space is formed between 2 male and female teeth in
each case which increases to a maximum size (Suction
process: Figure 2; 1-3, View of the upper side of the
rotors).
As the rotor continues to turn, the V-shaped space is
closed by the new meshing on the suction side. This
space gradually becomes smaller as the meshing
continues (Compression process: Figure 2; 4-5, View of
the lower side of the rotors).
The compression process ends when the tooth space
reaches the control edges which are incorporated in
the casing and control slide or Vi-slide (Figure 2; 6).
The control edges are part of the outlet opening
which has an axial and a radial part.
The position of the conrol edges determines the size
of the compressed volume and thus the level of
compression. As the rotors continue to turn, the
compressed volume is pushed out of the tooth space
which diminishes to zero into the discharge area of
the compressor. The process described above is
repeated for every subsequent tooth space, thus
achieving an almost continuous delivery.
Figure 2 Compression process
07/2003
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
OIL SYSTEM
CAPACITY CONTROL
The oil supplied to the compressor serves the

following purposes:
Capacity control is by means of regulating the suction

volume. This is achieved by shortening the effective
compression stroke. A proportion of the gaseous
refrigerant is fed back to suction through an internal
bypass connection by displacement of primary and
secondary slides (see Figure 3).
1. Injection of oil into the compression chamber.

2. Sealing and cooling of the oil seals.
3. Lubrication of journal and thrust bearings.
4. Loading of the balance-piston.
5. Actuation of the capacity control and Viadjustment
Oil injected into the compression chamber (item 1
above) serves the following purposes:
Absorbtion and dissipation of the heat of
compression.
Lubrication of meshing surfaces between male and
female rotors.
Sealing of clearances at meshing position between
the rotors and of radial and axial clearances
between rotors and housing.
Abatement of noise.
All oil supplied to the compressor is conveyed together
with the compressed refrigerant from the compressor
discharge into an oil separator where the oil is
separated from the refrigerant.
The capacity control permits the compressor discharge

rate to be continuously varied from 100 % down to
about 10 %.
In the upper part-load range, capacity control of
compressors with variable Vi is obtained by moving
the secondary slide with the primary slide in fixed
position. In medium and lower part load range the
primary slide realizes the capacity control.
In its minimum setting the primary slide provides
unloaded compressor start-up due to the minimal
absorbed power required (see Figure 3).
The slides are activated hydraulically and by means of
the compressor differential pressure applied to the
primary-slide. The primary slide position is indicated by
an electronic sensor.
Screw compressors with fixed Vi realize the capacity
control with only one control slide. This control slide
has the function as primary slide.
07/2003
OVERALL CONCEPT
Grasso
Vi-ADJUSTMENT
The internal volume ratio Vi is an intrinsic characteristic of the screw compressor and is defined as the
ratio of the volume of interlobe space at the start to
that at the end of the compression process. Termination of compression and internal volume ratio Vi are
determined by the position of the radial discharge
port formed by the notches machined into the
primary-slide. Various Vi settings are obtained by
adjusting the primary slide in its full load position to
various axial displacements thus altering the size of
the radial discharge port. The internal volume ratio Vi
is adjusted to actual external operating conditions
(suction pressure, delivery pressure) so that the
pressure in the interlobe space at the discharge port
equals the required delivery pressure thus reducing
compression losses and power input to a minimum.
The full load setting of the primary-slide at its
optimum compression ratio is by means of the
compressor's memory programmed control device
operating according to an empirically derived
algorithm. The setting of the primary slide is
determined by an electronic position transmitter. Once
the primary slide is positioned the secondary slide is
brought up behind to butt against it. Both slides are
actuated hydraulically.
Full load operation

Inlet
Optimum Vi
Rotor
Outlet
optimum
Vi position
Full load
position
Secondary slide control
Primary slide control
Upper part load operation

Inlet
Secondary slide control

Optimum Vi
Rotor
Outlet
Part load
position
optimum
Vi position
Internal By-pass
Lower part load operation

Inlet
Primary slide control
Rotor
Outlet
Part load
position
Part load
position
Internal By-pass
Figure 3 System of combined Vi part load control
07/2003
Grasso
SCREW COMPRESSORS
LT SERIES,
TYPES P, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD, XE, XF
03/2004 /Rev.1
Casing
Rotors
Bearings
Shaft Seal
Capacity control
Vi-adjustment
Display of slide position
Grasso
BEARINGS
Reference should be made to the lists of
parts and drawing index for a better
understanding of the following
descriptions.
CASING
The grey cast iron housing consists of three vertically
split sections namely the suction, rotor and discharge
casings. Suction intake is horizontal and discharge
outlet vertical. O-ring seals are fitted between the
individual casing-sections and are also fitted to the
housing cover and flanges.
Bearings absorb the radial and axial loads resulting

from the compression process.
Journal bearings of steel-sleeve and white-metal liner
construction absorb radial loads.
Inclined ball bearings, arranged in pairs, absorb axial
loads and ensure precise axial mounting of the rotors.
Taking into consideration the space conditions
available, several compressor sizes are fitted with
differing angular contact ball bearings on both the
male and female rotor sides.
The rotors are of material C 45 with tempered

bearing-surfaces. The speed ratio of male to female
rotor is
5:6 or 4:6.
To accommodate the particular requirements of screw

compressors, the inclined ball bearings are fitted with
heavy duty cages and have radial clearance between
outer-race and housing so as to minimise
radial loads and thus extend service life. To eliminate
rotation the outer-races are axially clamped in tension.
Due to the high axial loading on the male rotor, a
balance piston is fitted on the discharge shaft end of
the male rotor thus unloading the bearings and
extending service life. Lube oil at discharge pressure is
applied to one side of the balance piston thus
producing an axial counter-force. For booster
application (small pressure differences), the
compressor need not be fitted with a balancing
piston. The heat pump compressor-models are
equipped with double thrust bearings on both rotors
in a special arrangement.
The profile diameters of the male and female rotors

are identical or different.
SHAFT SEAL
To achieve optimum performance parameters, the

rotor profiles are finished with maximum accuracy by
hobbing. All rotors are dynamically balanced.
The driven male rotor shaft is sealed on its suction side

by an oil flooded, unloaded slide-ring seal thus
ensuring longest possible service life.
Oil drain screw plugs are provided. The suction-side

front wall of the working space features covering
flanges or casing edges with guide surfaces for the
movable secondary slide.
The delivery-opening and guide surfaces for the axially
adjustable primary-slide are located in flanges which
comprise the compression chamber discharge side
end-plate.
ROTORS
The counter ring arranged in the cover and the sealing

ring with spring assembly rotating with the shaft are
used in different material combinations (special cast
iron, hard carbon, hard metal, SiC). An O-ring provides
additional sealing of the slide ring with the shaft.
Lube oil at slightly less than discharge pressure is
supplied to the seal and thereafter to the suction-side
journal bearings. The seal faces of slide and backing
rings are separated by a thin oil-film and free of
contact with one another thus ensuring minimal
leakage and long service life.
03/2004/ Rev.1
Grasso
CAPACITY CONTROL
Vi-DISPLACEMENT
The primary and secondary slides form part of the

lower compression chamber wall. Adjusting the slides
opens a bypass port connected though ducts in the
housing to the suction chamber of the compressor.
The Vi value is determined by position of the primary

slide. At the full load operation applying pressurised
oil to the hydraulic piston displaced the secondary
slide into the primary slide (secondary slide touch the
primary slide). With displacement of the primary slide
in direction discharge side (Vi-enlargement) or in
direction suction side (Vi-reduction) always the
secondary slide touch the primary slide.
The primary slide can be displaced axially from its full

load position towards the discharge casing and is
coupled on the suction side by a connecting rod to an
hydraulic piston which is reciprocally activated by
pressurised oil. The piston moves in a cylinder closed
at both ends. The cylinder spaces of the hydraulic
piston are filled and drained via solenoid valves either
directly flanged onto the compressor or still arranged
externally on several sizes.
At upper part load range capacity control is by
adjusting the secondary slide alone while the primary
slide remains stationary. Spring-loaded pins in the
secondary slide cause the bypass-port to open
whereas the hydraulic piston connected to the
secondary slide is used to reduce the bypass-port. Due
to filling and draining the hydraulic space via two
additional solenoid valves, the secondary slide can be
brought into any position.
Capacity control in the medium and lower part load
ranges is by displacing the primary slide which results
in shortening the effective rotor length and
consequently reducing the discharge flow-rate. The
minimum part load position is reached when the
suction side edge of the primary slide closes the
passing interlobe space just before the axial discharge
port is reached. The primary slide passes underneath
the discharge casing end-plate flanges whose contour
prevents rotary-tilting of the primary slide.
During compressor operation, the discharge/suction
differential pressure is applied to the primary-slide
end-faces. This results in the primary slide moving
towards the suction side, i.e. towards full load.
For lower operating pressure differences, the
differential pressure load across the primary slide is
insufficient to produce movement and must be
increased by means of pressured oil applied to the
rear face of the hydraulic piston. In this condition, the
cylinder chamber at the front face of the piston is
discharged to the suction side.
To displace the primary slide towards the discharge
casing, i.e. part load operation, the front face of the
hydraulic piston is loaded with pressurised oil and its
rear face is discharged to the suction side.
Alternatively the Vi value can be adjusted manually by

the compressor control device..
The simplified version of these compressors with fixed
built-in Vi has stationary secondary slide with the
discharge port of the primary slide corresponding to Vi
= 2.6, 3.6, 4.8, or 5.5. The Vi value must be selected
during construction of the compressor and depends
on the expected operating conditions (suction
pressure, condensing pressure).
Primary slide
Secondary slide
Figure 1 Capacity control / Vi-Adjusting Device
P0
P
MIN
MAX
P
P0
Primary slide
Secondary slide
Figure 2 Solenoid valve blocks for primary and secondary slides
03/2004 /Rev.1
Grasso
DISPLAY OF SLIDE POSITION
2. Secondary slide
1. Primary slide/ Control slide
As special design, the compressors can be fitted with

an indicator system for the secondary slide.
Types P, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z, XA
The position of the primary slide (Vi variable) or
control slide (fixed Vi) is determined by the HDT
(Hermetic Differential Transformer) indicator-system
mounted on the cover plate of the capacity control
unit.
measuring range of the position sensor.
A long pin is attached to the junction of both springs
where a small length of adjustment appears. The end
of the pin slides into a coil of the position sensor thus
generating a measuring signal by altering the
inductivity.
The position of the secondary slide is picked up by a

second position sensor on the basis of hermetic
differential transformer (HDT) arranged on the wall of
the rotor casing; for types P through XA on the
female rotor side, for types XB through XF on the
male rotor side. The measuring signal is generated in
the same manner as already described for the primary
slide of types XB through XF.
The position sensor supplies between both end
positions of the secondary slide, i.e. depending on the
depth of HDT pin penetration, a standardized output
signal of 4.0 mA to 8.4 mA.
Types XB, XC, XD, XE, XF

The position of the primary slide/ control slide is
detected by the position sensor indicator system (HDT)
(Hermetized Differential Transformer), which is
located at the wall at the side of the male rotor.
The push rod slides in a longitudinal notch located at
the primary slide with a slight slope, This reduces the
long readjustment path of the slide to a short path,
which is more appropriate to the measuring range of
the sensor. The push rod is connected to a pin, the
opposite end of which immerses into the coil of the
position sensor, generating a measuring signal.
Figure 3 Functional diagram of the position sensor system

for types P, R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z, XA
All types
Depending on the position of the slide, i.e. depth of
the pin immersion, the position sensor supplies an
output signal of between 4 and 20 mA (for screw
compressors with variable Vi).
Setting of the Vi value results in the compressorcontrol device simultaneously correcting the output
signal of the indicating system so that the primary
slide full load position is always registered at 100 % on
the indicating device.
The compressor control device computes the optimum
Vi value for setting the position of the primary slide.
Figure 4 Functional diagram of the position sensor system

for types XB, XC, XD, XE, XF
03/2004/ Rev.1
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
CONNECTIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
LT SERIES, TYPES P, R, S, T, V, W, Y
Input Voltage
External Connections Type P
External Connections Type R, S, T
External Connections Type V, Y
External Connections Type W
03.2004/4
AI_PY_04_gbr.doc - 1/7
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
Item
Purpose
P
R, S, T
V, W, Y
Suction nozzle
NB 150
NB 175
NB 250
Discharge nozzle
NB 100
NB 100
NB 150
shaft seal, suction side bearing
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
Oil injection
compression chamber
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
V: M22x1,5
W:M26x1,5
Y: M22x1,5
discharge side bearing, balance

piston
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
oil supply balance piston

heat pump
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
D1
Special port axial bearing male rotor

Booster applic.
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
External oil supply solenoid valve

block for capacity control
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
Oil return
capacity control
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
V: M22x1,5
W: Y: M22x1,5
H1
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
H2
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
Oil supply,
direction part load
V: M16x1,5
W: Y: M16x1,5
Oil supply,
direction full load
V: M22x1,5
W: Y: M22x1,5
Oil supply and return, variable Vi
V: M16x1,5
W: Y: M16x1,5
M16x1,5
M16x1,5
M16x1,5
M26x1,5
M26x1,5
M33x2
Economizer port
NB 40/ M48x2
NB 40/ M48x2
NB 65
O1
Oil drain plug
M14x1,5
M22x1,5
V: M16x1,5
W:M12x1,5
Y: M16x1,5
O2
Oil drain plug
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
M22x1,5
O3
Oil drain plug
M16x1,5
M16x1,5
03.2004/4
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
INPUT VOLTAGE
Item
Y1/Y4
Y2/Y3
Purpose
Solenoid valves capacity control,
direction full load
direction part load
Y5
Solenoid valve
variable Vi
Y6
Solenoid valve
variable Vi
Position sensor for position display

primary slide/ control slide
Z1

secondary slide
03.2004/4
P, R, S, T, W
240 V AC
220 V AC
110 V AC
48 V AC
42 V AC
24 V DC
220 V AC
expl.-proof
Inlet: 24 V (DC)
Output: 4-20 mA
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE P
03.2004/4
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE R, S, T
03.2004/4
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE V, Y
03.2004/4
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE W
03.2004/4
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
CONNECTIONS
SCREW COMPRESSORS
LT SERIES,
TYPES Z, XA, XB, XC, XD, XE, XF
03/2004 rev.1
Input Voltage
External Connections Type Z, XA
External Connections Type XB, XC, XD
External Connections Type XE, XF
AI_Z_XF_04_gbr.doc - 1/6
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
Item
Purpose
Z, XA
XB, XC, XD
XE , XF
Suction nozzle
NB 250
NB 300
NB 400
Pipe O.D. 412 mm
Discharge nozzle
NB 150
NB 200
NB 250
Pipe O.D. 273 mm
Shaft seal, suction side bearing
M22x1,5
M22 x 1,5
M26 x 1,5
Oil injection
compression chamber
Z: M26x1,5
XA: M33x2
NB 50
Pipe O.D. 63
NB 80
Pipe O.D. 80 mm
B1
Additional oil injection compression

chamber male rotor side
NB 50
Pipe O.D. 63
NB 80
Pipe O.D. 80 mm
Discharge side bearing, balance piston
M22x1,5
M22 x 1,5
M26 x 1,5
Oil supply balance piston

heat pump
M22x1,5
M22 x 1,5
M26 x 1,5
D1
Special port axial bearing male rotor

Booster applic.
M22x1,5
M22 x 1,5
M26 x 1,5
G 1/4
G 1/4
G 1/4
M22x1,5
M22 x 1,5
M26 x 1,5
M33 x 2
M26 x 1,5
NB 25
Pipe O.D. 27 mm
M26 x 1,5
NB 25
Pipe O.D. 27 mm
External oil supply solenoid valve block

F1
H1
H2
M22x1,5
M16x1,5
M22 x 1,5
M22 x 1,5
M33x2
M42 x 2
NB 80
Pipe O.D. 80 mm
Economizer port (female rotor)
NB 100
NB 125
Pipe 140 mm
NB 150
Pipe O.D. 168 mm
R1
Economizer port (male rotor)
NB 125
Pipe 140 mm
NB 150
Pipe O.D. 168 mm
O1
Oil drain plug
M12x1,5
M22 X 1,5
M22 x 1,5
O2
Oil drain plug
M22 X 1,5
M22 x 1,5
M22x1,5
03/2004 rev.1
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
INPUT VOLTAGE
Item
Y1/Y4
Y2/Y3
Purpose
direction full load
direction part load
Y5
Solenoid valve
variable Vi
Y6
Solenoid valve
variable Vi

control slide/ primary slide
Z1

secondary slide
03/2004 rev.1
Z, XA, XB, XC, XD, XE, XF

240 V AC
220 V AC
110 V AC
48 V AC
42 V AC
24 V DC
220 V AC
expl.-proof
Inlet: 24 V (DC)
Output: 4-20 mA
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE Z, XA
03/2004 rev.1
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE XB, XC, XD
03/2004 rev.1
CONNECTIONS
Grasso
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TYPE XE, XF
03/2004 rev.1
02/04
Master_Backpage.doc

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GRASSO Screw Comp - Product Information

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Grasso

Copyright Grasso GmbH Refrigeration Technology

Compressor Design Citeria

Types P, R, S, V, W, Y, Z, XA, XB, XC, XD

Conditions for Refrigerant Connections

Conditions for Lubricating Oil Connections

Installation Conditions, Sound, Vibration

Hints for Selection of Refrigeration Oil

Schematic Diagram, Connections

Connections, Oil Passage

Types Z, XA, XB, XC, XD, XE, XF

040 010gbr - 1/1

The SemiPacks of the series SH are equipped with a

040 015e - 1/2

040 015e - 2/2

swept volume in m/h

swept volume in m/h (at 50 Hz)

040 040e - 1/2

swept volume in m/h

swept volume in CFM

swept volume in m/h

swept volume in CFM

LT - HIGH PERFORMANCE SCREW COMPRESSORS

swept volume in m/h

swept volume in CFM

040 040e - 2/2

Screw Compressor Type

Screw Compressor Type

Theoretical swept volume at

Theoretical swept volume at

Screw Compressor Vi Version

Standard refrigeration compressor

Standard refrigeration compressor

Standard refrigeration compressor

Standard refrigeration compressor

Standard refrigeration compressor

040 200e - 1/5

Heat pump compressor

Commercial refrigeration compressor LH series in 2 rating classes 50% and 100%

Speed controlled refrigeration compressor

MC series only type N

040 200e - 2/5

Coupling Type (coupling housing with coupling)

Electric flange motor, type IM B 5 *)

M2BA 250 SMA

040 200e - 3/5

Electric flange motor, type IM B 5 *)

Frank & Dvorak

K11R 200 LX2

040 200e - 4/5

100 HP 364 /5TS

125 HP 404 /5TS

040 200e - 5/5

COMPRESSOR DESIGN CRITERIA

numbers of lobes, male rotor

parallel slide system,

tandem slide system

standard equipment without additional components

PS0 : stepless Vi-adjustment

compressor operation with flanged oil pump for capacity control

040 300e - 1/1

The screw compressors can be operated under the most

suction temperature compressor inlet