Signals and Systems

10EC44

Assignment Questions
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION

1. What are even and Odd signals

2. Find the even and odd components of the following signals
a. x (t) cos t sin t sin t cos t
b. x(t ) 1 3t 2 5t 3 9t 4
3.
4.

5.
6.

c. x (t) (1 t3) cost3 10 t

What are periodic and A periodic signals. Explain for both continuous and discrete cases.
Determine whether the following signals are periodic. If they are periodic find the fundamental
period.
a. x (t) (cos(2t))2
b. x(n) cos(2n)
c. x(n) cos 2n
Define energy and power of a signal for both continuous and discrete case.
Which of the following are energy signals and power signals and find the power or energy of the
signal identified.
0 t 1
t,

a. x (t) 2 t, 1 t 2
0
otherwise

0 n5
n,

b. x(n) 10 n, 5 n 10
0
otherwise

5 cos t 0.5 t 0.5

c. x(t)
0
sin n, 4 n 4
otherwise
0

d. x(n)
7.

The raised cosine pulse is shown in fig.1 and is defined by

1
1
cos (t) 1
x (t) 2
w

Determine the total energy of the signal x(t)

8. Explain with examples various operations that can be performed on dependent and independent
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variables of a continuous time function and discrete time function.

9. A sinusoidal signal x(t)=3 cos (200t / 6) is passed through a square law device defined by the
input output relation y(t)=x2(t).
10. A rectangular pulse x(t) is defined by
A 0 t T
x (t)
0 otherwise

This pulse is applied to an integrator whose output is defined by

1

y (t) x() d
0

find the total energy of the output.

11. A Trapezoidal signal as shown in fig. 2 is time scaled producing output y(t)=x(t). Sketch y(t) for
a=5, a=0.2.
12. Problem no.1.14 (a,e,f,g) page 6.3, signals and systems by Simon Haykin.
13. A continuous-time signal x ( t ) is shown in Fig. 1-17. Sketch and label each of the following
signals.
( a ) x(t - 2); ( b ) x(2t); ( c ) x(t/2); (dl x ( - t )

14. A discrete-time signal x [ n ] is shown in Fig. 1-19. Sketch and label each of the following
signals.
(a) x[n 2] (b) x[2n] ( c ) x [ - n ] ( d ) x [ - n + 2]
15. Determine the even and odd components of the following signals:

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16. Let x(t) be an arbitrary signal with even and odd parts denoted by xe(t) and xo(t),
respectively. Show that

17. Let x[n] be an arbitrary sequence with even and odd parts denoted by xe[n] and xo[n] respectively.
Show that
18. Determine whether or not each of the following signals is periodic. If a signal is periodic,
determine its fundamental period.

19. Show that if x[n] is periodic with period N, then

20. Evaluate the following integrals:

21. Consider a continuous-time system with the input-output relation

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Determine whether this system is ( a ) linear, ( b ) time-invariant, ( c ) causal.

22. Consider a continuous-time system with the input-output relation
Determine whether this system is ( a ) linear, ( b ) time-invariant.
23. Give an example of a linear time-varying system such that with a periodic input the
corresponding output is not periodic.
24. A system is called invertible if we can determine its input signal x uniquely by observing its output
signal y. This is illustrated in Fig. 1-43. Determine if each of the following systems is invertible. If
the system is invertible, give the inverse

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UNITS 2&3: TIME-DOMAIN REPRESENTATIONS FOR LTI SYSTEMS 1 & 2

1. Show that if x(n) is input of a linear time invariant system having impulse response h(n), then the
output of the system due to x(n) is
y (n)

x (k)h (n k)

2. Use the definition of convolution sum to prove the following properties

1. x(n) * [h(n)+g(n)]=x(n)*h(n)+x(n)*g(n) (Distributive Property)
2. x(n) * [h(n)*g(n)]=x(n)*h(n) *g(n) (Associative Property)
3. x(n) * h(n) =h(n) * x(n) (Commutative Property)
3. Prove that absolute summability of the impulse response is a necessary condition for stability of a
discrete time system.
4. Compute the convolution y(t)= x(t)*h(t) of the following pair of signals:

5. Compute the convolution sum y[n] =x[n]* h[n] of the following pairs of sequences:

6. Show that if y (t) =x(t)* h(t), then

7. Let y[n] = x[n]* h[n]. Then show that
8. Show that

for an arbitrary starting point no.

9. The step response s ( t ) of a continuous-time LTI system is given by

Find the impulse response h(r) of the system.

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10. The system shown in Fig. 2-31 is formed by connection two systems in parallel. The impulse responses of the
systems are given by

(a) Find the impulse response h(t) of the overall system.

(b) Is the overall system stable?

11. Consider an integrator whose input x(t) and output y ( t ) are related by Hhgk

(a) Find the impulse response h(t) of the integrator.

( b) Is the integrator stable?
12. Consider a discrete-time LTI system with impulse response h[n] given by
Is this system memory less?
13. The impulse response of a discrete-time LTI system is given by
Let y[n] be the output of the system with the input. Find y[1] and y[4].
14. Consider a discrete-time LTI system with impulse response h[n] given by
( a ) Is the system causal?
( b ) Is the system stable?
15. Let y(t)= x(t)*h(t). Then show that

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16. The input x ( t ) and the impulse response h ( t ) of a continuous time LTI system are given by
(a) Compute the output y (t) by Eq. (2.6).

(b) Compute the output y (t) by Eq. (2.10).

17. Compute the output y(t) for a continuous-time LTI system whose impulse response
h (t) and the input x (t) are given by

18. Show that

19. Evaluate y (t) = x (t) * h(t), where x (t) and h (t) are shown in Fig. 2-6 (a) by analytical technique,
and (b) by a graphical method.

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20. Consider a continuous-time LTI system described by

(a) Find and sketch the impulse response h(t) of the system.
(b) Is this system causal?
21. Let y (t) be the output of a continuous-time LTI system with input x(t) . Find the output of the
system if the input is xl(t) , where xl (t) is the first derivative of x(t) .
22. Verify the BIBO stability condition for continuous-time LTI systems.
23. Consider a stable continuous-time LTI system with impulse response h ( t ) that is real and even. Show
that cos wt and sin wt are eigenfunctions of this system with the same real eigenvalue.
24. The continuous-time system shown in Fig. 2-19 consists of two integrators and two
scalar multipliers. Write a differential equation that relates the output y(t) and theinput x( t ).

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UNITS 4 & 5: FOURIER REPRESENTATION FOR SIGNALS 1 & 2

1. A continuous time periodic signal x(t) is real valued and has a fundamental period T=8, the nonzero Fourier series coefficients for x(t) are a1 a1 2, a3 a3 4 j
Express x(t) in form

x(t)

A k cos (wk 1 k )

k 0

2. For a continuous time signal (periodic)

X(t) 2 cos(2 / 3t) 4 sin(5 / 3 t) determine the fundamental frequency w0 and Fourier
series coefficients ak such that

x(t)

ak e jkw 0

3. Consider the following three continuous time periodic signals whose Fourier series representation
are as follows:
100

2
1
x1 (1)
t
. e jk
2
50
k 0

x 2 (t)

100

cos (k ).e

jk

2
t
50

k 100
100

k jk t
x 3 (t)
j sin . e 50
2
k 100

Using Fourier Series properties

4.
5.
6.
7.

i.
Which of the three signals is / are real valued
ii.
Which of the three signals is / are even
State and prove the properties of continuous time Fourier Series
Obtain an expression to express a continuous time periodic signal in Fourier series representation
in (i) Trigonometric form (ii) Exponential form
State and prove parsevels relation for continuous time periodic signals
Obtain an expression for Fourier series representation of a discrete time periodic signals in
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complex exponential form.

8. What is Gibbs phenomenon? State and prove the properties of discrete time Fourier series.
9. Obtain Fourier transform of
i.
x (t) e a(t) .u(t) for a 0
ii.

x(t) e a t , for a 0

iii.
x(t) (t)|||
10. Consider a rectangular pulse
1, | t | T1
x(t)
0, | t | T1

Obtain Fourier transform of x(t)

11. Obtain the analysis and synthesis equation of Fourier Transform of n periodic signal.
1 for | w | w
0 for | w | w

12. Obtain x(t) if x(jw)

13. Obtain an expression for Fourier transform of a periodic signal

14. State and prove properties of continuos time Fourier transform.
15. A Discrete time periodic signal x(n) is real value and has fundamental period N=5. The non-zero
discrete time Fourier series coefficients. For x(n) are
A0 1, a2 a2 e j / 4a4 a 4 2e j / 3

Express x(n) in the form

x (n) A 0

A k sin(wk n k )

k 1

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UNIT 6: APPLICATIONS OF FOURIER REPRESENTATIONS

1. The output of a system in response to an input x (t) e 2t .u(t) is y(t) e t . u(t) . Find the
frequency response and impulse response of this system.
2. Find the frequency response and impulse response of a system described by the differential
equation
d2
dt2

y(t) 3

d
d
y(t) 2y (t) 2 x(t) x(t)
dt
dt

3. Find the frequency response and impulse response of a discrete time system described by the
difference equation y(n-2)+5y(n-1)+6y(n)=8x(n-1)+18x(n)
4. Find the Fourier transform of impulse train given by

p(t)

(t nT)

T is fundamental period
5. Obtain an expression that relates discrete time Fourier transform and Discrete time Fourier series.
6. Find both DTFS & DTFT for the signal. x(n) 2 cos (3 / 8 n / 3) 4 sin( / 2 n)
7. Show that x(n) * h(n) x (e jn )H(e jn ) where x(n) are the input and impulse response of a LTI
systems and x (e jn ) and H(e jn ) are their respective DFTF
8. If h(n) (j / 2)n u(n) is impulse response of a LTI system, then obtain the response of this
system to the input x(n) 3 cos (n / 3)
9. Consider x(n)=cos (7 / 16 n) cos (9 / 16 n) using modulation property. Evaluate the effect of
computing the DFTF using only 2M+1 values of x(n) where |n| M
10. Consider x(t) =cos t . Assume that this signal is sampled at internals T=1/4, T=1 & T=1/2. Find
the Fourier Transform of the sampled data for all the three cases.
11. Determine Fourier Transform pair associated with the signal whose DTFT is
x( jn )

1
1 e jn

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UNITS 7&8: Z-Transforms 1&2

1. State and prove the properties of unilateral Z transform & ROC
2. Find Z transform of
X(n) u(n 1) (1 / 2)n u(n)

3. Determine Z transform, ROC pole and zero location of x(t) for

i.
x (n) (1 / 2)n u(n) (1 / 3)n u(n)
n

x(n) e j 0 u(n)
ii.
4. Find Z transform of
X(n)={n(-1/2)n x(n)} * (1/4)-n u(n)

X(n)=an cos (0n)

5. Find inverse Z transform of
x(z)

1
2

1
1

2
z 1
1 z 1
2

Assume a. signal is casual

x(z)

Z3 10Z2 4Z 4
2Z2 2Z 4

b. Signal has DTFT

with ROC | z | 1

6. Find the inverse Z transform of

H(z)

1 Z 1
(1 0.9 e j / 4 z 1 ) (1 0.9 e j / 4 z 1 )

7. A system is described by the difference equation

Y (n) yn 1)

1
y(n 2) x (n) 1 / 4 x(n 1) 1 / 8x (n 2)
4

Find the Transfer function of the Inverse system

Does a stable and causal Inverse system exists
8. Sketch the magnitude response for the system having transfer functions.

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9. Find the z-transform of the following x[n]:

10. Given

(a) State all the possible regions of convergence.

(b) For which ROC is X (z) the z-transform of a causal sequence?
11. Show the following properties for the z-transform.

12. Derive the following transform pairs:

13. Find the z-transforms of the following x[n]:

14. Using the relation

find the z-transform of the following x[n]:

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15. Using the z-transform

16. Find the inverse z-transform of X(z)= ea/z , z > 0

17. Using the method of long division, find the inverse z-transform of the following X ( z ) :

18. Consider the system shown in Fig. 4-9. Find the system function H ( z ) and its impulse response
h[n]

19. Consider a discrete-time LTI system whose system function H(z) is given by

(a) Find the step response s[n].

(b) Find the output y[n] to the input x[n] = nu[n].
20. Consider a causal discrete-time system whose output y[n] and input x[n] are related by
(a) Find its system function H(z).
(b) Find its impulse response h[n].
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