Contents

Introduction vii

iv

Chapter 1 Prior Learning Topics

1.1 Numbers
1.2 Fractions
1.3 Algebra
1.4 Algebra extended
1.5 Geometry
1.6 Financial mathematics
1.7 Statistics

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1
7
11
17
23
35
37

Chapter 2 Number and Algebra

2.1 Organization of numbers
2.2 Numbers in calculations
2.3 Standard form
2.4 International units of measure
2.5 Currency conversions
2.6 Simultaneous equations
2.7 Quadratic equations

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62

Chapter 3 Geometry
3.1 The equation of a line
3.2 The gradient of a line
3.3 The intercepts of a line
3.4 Intersection of two lines
3.5 Parallel and perpendicular lines

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66
68
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78

Chapter 4 Mathematical Models

4.1 Relations and functions
4.2 Domain and range
4.3 Function notations
4.4 Linear functions
4.5 Linear models
4.6 Quadratic functions
4.7 Quadratic models
4.8 Exponential functions
4.9 Exponential models

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92
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129

Chapter 5 More Mathematical Models

5.1 Higher order polynomial functions
5.2 Rectangular hyperbolic functions
5.3 Unfamiliar functions

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146

 5.4 Solving equations involving combinations of

unfamiliar functions

150

Chapter 6 More Geometry

6.1 Advanced right-angled trigonometry
6.2 Further right-angled trigonometry
6.3 The sine rule
6.4 The cosine rule
6.5 The area of a triangle
6.6 The geometry of three-dimensional shapes
6.7 Application of three-dimensional geometry

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158
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180

Chapter 7 Sequences and Series

7.1 Arithmetic sequences
7.2 Arithmetic series
7.3 Geometric sequences
7.4 Geometric series
7.5 Compound interest
7.6 Financial maths on the calculator
7.7 Inflation and depreciation

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215

Chapter
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6

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8 Sets
Introduction to set theory
Subsets and complements of sets
The union and intersection of sets
Introduction to Venn diagrams
Applications of Venn diagrams
Venn diagrams involving three sets

Chapter 9 Logic
9.1 Introduction to symbolic logic
9.2 Implication and equivalence
9.3 Negation and conjunction
9.4 Disjunction and exclusive disjunction
9.5 Truth tables
9.6 Inverse, converse, contrapositive
9.7 Logical equivalence, tautologies, and contradictions

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Chapter 10 Probability
10.1 Diagrams for experiments
10.2 Classical probability
10.3 Mutually exclusive events
10.4 Combined events
10.5 Independent events

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Contents

10.6 Dependent events

275
10.7 Conditional probability
277
10.8 The probability of at least one
281
10.9 Summarization of the laws of probability
283
10.10 Connecting independent and mutually exclusive events 285
Chapter 11 Descriptive Statistics
11.1 Classification of data
11.2 Discrete data
11.3 Continuous data
11.4 Measures of central tendency
11.5 Graphs of continuous data
11.6 Box-and-whisker diagram
11.7 Measures of dispersion

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Chapter 12 Statistical Applications

12.1 The normal distribution
12.2 Line of best fit (the regression line)
12.3 Hypothesis testing
12.4 The chi-square hypothesis test
12.5 The chi-square test manual working

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354

Chapter 13 Calculus
365
13.1 The definition of the derivative
365
13.2 The power rule
372
13.3 Gradients of curves and equations of tangents and
normals 375
13.4 Increasing and decreasing functions
381
13.5 Applications of calculus
391
Chapter 14 Review Questions

401

Chapter 15 Practice Papers

420

Chapter 16 The Project

452

Chapter 17 Theory of Knowledge

468

Answers 482
Index 548

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