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169

PARTIII
OUTSIDEMACHINISTTRAINING
INSTALLATIONS,MAINTENANCE,REPAIRS

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PARTIII
RunningaTightLine
PURPOSEOFATIGHTLINE
Atightlineisusedtolocatethecenterlineofthelineshaft.Thelineshaftisconnectedtothe
propelleratthesternandendsintheengineroom,anoveralldistanceofabout70feet.This
lineshaft,seeFig.218,ismadeupoffourlengths,coupledtogethertoformonecontinuous
lengthandsupportedbybearingswhichareheldsecurelyonfoundationsplacedatsuitable
intervals.Thefoundationsforthebearingsmustbesecuredtothetanktopofthedouble
bottom.SeeShipTermsandLocations,PartI.

Fig.218LineShaft
STERNFRAME
Thesternframeisasteelcastingwhichhasbeenweldedtothesternplatesofthehull,thus
becomingasolidpartoftheship.SeeFig.219.Theopening"a"iscastinthesternframe,
anditisthroughthisopeningor"eye"thatthelineshaftturnsandthusturnsthepropeller.
Theeyemustbeboredout,andthecenterof
theboredholemustbeexactlyinlinewiththe
centerlineofthekeelandthecorrectheight
abovethetanktop,mentionedinthefirst
paragraphofthisinstructionsheet.Checkon
thisheightwiththeleader.
POSITIONOFLINESHAFT
Intheengineroom,thecenterofthelinemay
be3'11/4"abovetheenginebed.Thisvaries
accordingtothetypeofship.


Fig.219SternFrameinPlace

172

Fig.220LineShaftAssembly

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Thecenterofthelineshaftmaybe3'81/4"abovethethrustbearingfoundation.Thisalso
varies.Enoughstockhasbeenleftinthesternframeeyetoallowforboringout.Theengine
foundationhasbeeninstalledinthecorrectrelationshipwiththecenterlineoftheship.There
isacenterlinemarkedoffonthebulkheadsanddeckplatesoftheship.Thesternframehas
beenlinedupwiththiscenterlineandweldedinplace.
CENTEROFLINESHAFT
Allthatnowremainstobedoneistoestablishacenterlineabovethedeckplatesandinline
withtheshipcenterline.Thisisthepurposeofatightline.Fromthistightline,
measurementsaretakentolocatethespringbearing,thethrustbearing,thesupportsforthe
propulsionmotor,thecirclefortheholesinthethreebulkheads(seenote)aftofthe
propulsionmotor,thestuffingboxandthelineshaftintheengineroomwatertightbulkhead,
andthecirclefortheboredholeintheeyeofthesterntube.SeeFig.220.
NOTE:Someshipshavemoreorlessthanthreebulkheadsatthislocation,
dependingonthetypeofship.Theoperationofboring,however,remainsthesame

inprinciple.
TIGHTLINE
Thetightlineusedonthisjobisapianowire,.018ofaninchindiameter.Thesamesizeof
wireandthesametensionareemployedeachtimea"tightline"isrun.Onoiltankers,the
lengthofthelineisabout70feetfromoneendsupporttotheother.Onothertypesofships
thisdistancewillvary.Figure221showsthesetwosupports:A"horse"ontheouterfaceof
the"eye"anda"linetarget"attheotherendoftheline,intheengineroom.See"a"and"d".

Fig.221TargetStandsSettoCenterLineoftheShip
SETTINGTHETARGETSTANDSORSUPPORTS
Thetargetisacenteringdevice,ormetalbar,whichisboltedacrossthetwocolumnsofan
angleironsupportthatmaybeboltedortackweldedtothedeckplatesortanktop.SeeFig.
222.Inorderto

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setthetargetinthecorrectposition,achalklineisstretchedfromtheengineroomtothe
outerfaceoftheeyeatthestern,andbymeansofaplumbbobandlinethechalklineis
locatedexactlyabovethecenterlineoftheship.SeeFig.221.
NOTE:Thecenterlineoftheshipwaslocatedbythe
shipfittersallalongthetanktopandonbulkheadswith
centerpunchmarksastheshipwasbeingbuilt.Theoutside
machinistfollowsallsuchcenterlineswhenlayingouthis
work.
Figure221isaviewlookingdownontheentirelineshaft
locationasinthetopview,Fig.220.A"horse"'a"isplaced
acrossthesternframeeye.Atargetstand(SeeFig.222)is
setinpositionasat"d".Thechalkline"g"isadjusteduntil
itspositionisdirectlyovertheshipcenterlinewhichwas
centerpunchedonthedeckbytheshipfitters.Aplumbbob
andlineareusedtodeterminethecorrectpositionofthe
chalkline.
Thedistancefrom"a"to"d"isabout70feet,andatarget
standissetup,asat"e",everytenfeet.Thechalklinegives

thelocationforthecenterofthetargetstandandtheheight Fig.222TargetStandAssembly
ofthetargetstandcrossbar.Whenallthetargetshavebeen
placed,thecrossbarsareadjustedsothattheyjustabout
touchthechalklineontheunderside.Whendoingthis,makesurethechalklineisstretched
TIGHTLY.
NOTE:Alltargetstandsarenotofexactlythesameconstruction,buttheyallserve
thesamepurpose.Whenthetightlinehasbeenrunandthenecessarypoints
locatedfromtheline,thetargetstandsarestoredawayforthenextjob.Always
storethetargetstandscarefully,togetherwithallbolts,nuts,andcrossbars,sothat
notimemaybelostinlookingforthisequipmentthenexttimeitistobeused.
PLACINGTHETIGHTLINE
Thechalklineisnowremovedentirely.Ithasserveditspurpose.Thesupport"a"isrelocated
forholdingthetightline.SeeFig.223.Twobrackets,"k",aretackweldedinplace
temporarily.Thesebracketssupporttwostools"l"."a"isnowsupportedbythestools.The
stoolsandthebarareboltedtothebracketsandmaybeadjustedtobringthetightlineinto

alignmentwiththeshipcenterline.

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Fig.223CrossBarsCenteredtoHoldTightLine
Thereelandsupportingbracket,"h",are
boltedtothetargetcrossbarintheengine
room.SeeFig.224.Checkthereeltoseethat
itiswelloiledandrunningfree.Checkthe
stopscrewsonthereeltomakesurethatthe
reelislockedinallpositionsbeforelocating
anytrammarks.Thetightlineisunwound
carefullyandcarriedbackthroughtheseveral
openingsintheengineroombulkhead:the
sterntubebulkhead,thebulkheadsbetween
thesternframeandthesterntubebulkhead,
andfinallythroughtheeyeofthesternframe
wheretheendofthetightlineissecurely
fastenedtothecrossbar"a".Figure224shows
thatthereelisnotchedinfourormoreplaces.
Theweight"j"ishungfromoneofthese
notches.
TENSIONADJUSTMENT

Fig.224TensionWeightandReel

Thepianowireusedasatightlineis.018of
aninchindiameter.Whenthissizeofwireis
supportedattwoFig.224TensionWeightandReelplaces,70feetapart,andstretchedwith
acertaintension,the"sag"ofthewirewillformalong,gentlecurve.Thiscurveisalways
thesameifthewireissupported,asabove,andtightenedthesameamounteachtime.
A273/4poundweightisusedtokeepthewireintensionwhentheoveralldistanceis70
feet.See"j",Fig.224.Theamountofsaghasbeenfiguredverycarefully.Itisdefinitely
knownthatatightlinealwayssagsacertainfixedamount,accordingtothesizeandlengthof
theline.Seeillustration,Fig.225.

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Fig.225ShowingtheSaginaTightLine
SAGBLOCKS
Inasmuchasitisdefinitelyknownhowmuchatightlinesagsintenfeet,itisonlynecessary
toraisethewirethatmuchtomakethelinelevel.Figure225givesthecorrectamountat
everytenfeet.Figure222showstwosmallpinsinthetargetorcrossbarwhichisboltedto
thetargetstand.Thesepinsaretheretoholdthesagblocksinplaceandtoguidethetightline
alongthecenterofthetargetstands.Figure226isanillustrationofasagblocklocatedin
placeoverthetwopinsinthecrossbar.Sagblocksofthesamethicknessasmentionedin
connectionwithFig.225areusedaslongasthedistancebetweentightlinesupportsremains
70feet.Ifthisdistancechanges,sagblocksofadifferentthicknessmustbeused.

ADJUSTINGTHECROSSBAR
Withthetightlineintension,theendsupportsarecarefully
adjustedtobringthewiredirectlyovertheshipcenterline
aswasdonewiththechalkline.Thisadjustmentmustbe
exact.Aplumbbobandlineareusedasbefore.Theheight
ofthetightlineattheengineroomtargetendmustbe
accordingtotheblueprint.Thisheightisusually5'2"from
theengineroomtanktoptotheundersideofthetightline.
Checkandrechecktheheightofthelinetoprovidefora
chockthicknessof11/2"underallofthebasesoftheunits
beinginstalled.Checkwiththeleader.

Fig.226SagBlockPins

Thecrossbarsmustnowberaisedandadjusteduntilalightshowsthebarbarelytouchingthe
wire.Tightenthecrossbarboltsandcheckwiththeleader.Whenallthecrossbarshavebeen
adjusted,placethesagblocksonthepinsandrecheckateverypointtomakesurethe
adjustmentiscorrectforheightandcenterlocation.Rememberthetightlineisthecenterof
thelineshaft.Measurecarefully,tightenalladjustingbolts,andcheckwiththeleader.
LOCATINGMACHININGPOINTS
Beforeanymachining,suchasboringandfacing,canbepermitted,thetightlinemustbe
removed.Certainmeasurementshavetobetakenfromthetightline,andmarkingsmade.
Figure227showstheouter

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faceofthesternframeeye.Thecenterofthe
tightlineisplainlymarked.Fourcenterpunch
marksmustbemadeasshownatpoints"c".
Thedistanceofthecenterpunchmarksfromthe
centerofthetightlineshouldbeaboutonehalf
inchgreaterthantheradiusoftheboreinthe
sternframeeye.Thereasonforthisisthatafter
theeyeisboredacheckmaybemadefromthese
"register"ortrammarksandtheaccuracyofthe
workthusassured.Acoldchiselisusedtomark
asmallsquarearoundthetrammarkssothat
theymaybeeasilylocated.
Similarmeasurementsandcenterpunchmarks

aremadeateveryopeningthroughwhichthe
Fig.227TramMarksonSternFrameEye
lineshaftwillpass.Itshouldbequiteclearthatif
thetightlineisruncorrectlyandifthetram
marksarelocatedaccurately,thefinishedjobwillbesatisfactory.Theslightesterrormeans
serioustroublelater.
Whentakingameasurementfromatightlinetoatrammark,"snap"thelinetomakesureit
isoncenter.Unlessthisisdonethereisdangerthatthelinemaybeslightlytooneside.
Checkthisrepeatedly.
NOTECAREFULLY:
Whenmeasuringfromatightlinewiththetightlineitselfasacentertoapoint10"
fromthatcenter,besuretosubtracthalfthediameterofthetightlinefromthe10".
Thediameterofthetightlineis.018".
Theradiusofthecircleis10".
Themeasurementfromthesideofthetightlinetooneedgeofthediameterofthe
circlewouldbe10.009,or9.991inches.
Foranymeasurementsfromatightlinesetthemicrometerstoallowforhalfthediameterof
thetightline.
QUESTIONS
1.Howmuchdoesatightline70feetlongand.018"indiametersaginthecenterif

unsupported?
2.Ifthetightlineisnotlocateddirectlyovertheshipcenterline,howwillthisaffectthe
alignmentofthelineshaft?
3.Statetheprecautionwhichshouldbetakenwhenlocatingtrammarkswithacenterpunch.
4.Howdoesthemechanicmakecertainthatthetightlineis"oncenter"whentaking
measurements?

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5.Whatdeviceisusedtoholdthetightlineatthepropertension?
6.Whatisthecorrectdistancefromonetargetsupporttothenext?
7.Whyisachalklinerunbeforesettingthetargetsupports?
8.Explainthereasonforburningaholelargerthanthesterntubeinsomebulkheads.
9.Howdoesthediameterofthetightlineaffectameasurementtakenfromthecenterofthe
tightlinetothecircumferenceofanycirclescribedaboutthetightlineasthecenter?
*RemovingATightLine
INFORMATION
Thepianowireusedforlocatingtheshaftcenterlineiscomparativelyexpensive,andthe
slightestabusecanrenderituselessforfurtherservice.Thetimerequiredtoprepareanother
linewouldhavetobeaddedtoitscostincaseasecondtightlinehadtobeused.Ifatight
lineiskinked,itisofnofurtheruseasatightline.
MATERIALS
Tightlinereadyforremoval
PROCEDURE
1.Unfastentheafterendofthetightlinefromtheadjustablebracket.
2.Haveonehelperholdlooseendoflineandcarryittowardthereelwhichwindsuptheline
attheotherend.
3.Haveasecondhelperapplyoiltothelinewitharag.
4.Turnthereelcrank,andwindthelineonthereelneatlyuntilallthewireiswound.
5.Securethelooseendbyinsertingitundertwoorthreestrandsoflineandthenpullingitup
tight.
6.Wrapanoiledragaroundthelineonthereelandplacethereeloflineinthereelbox.
7.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththelineandthereel,seethattheyarereturnedtothetool
room.
QUESTIONS
1.Whymustcarebeusedinremovingthetightlinefromtheshaftcenterlinelocation?
2.Threemenareusedinremovingtheline.Whatdoeseachmando?
3.Whatprecautionistakenbeforeplacingthereeloflineinthebox?
*Adaptedfrom"OutsideMachinist",AlabamaStateDepartmentofEducation.

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SettingAPortableBoringBar

INFORMATION
Theillustrationattheright,Fig.228,showsaheavysteelcasting,thesternframe,whichis
weldedsolidwiththesternplatesofaship'shull.Theholeinthehubisthesterntube
housingandiscalledthe"eye"byshipyardmechanics.
Thelowerportion"a"iscalledtheSKFG.Thesurface
"b"iscalledtheouterfaceoftheeyeand"c"iscalledthe
innerfaceoftheeye.Thesterntubehousingmustbe
boredouttoacertainsizetofitthesterntube.See
appendixfordefinitionofsterntube.
Figure220showsalongitudinalcrosssectionofaship's
hullinthebottomview.Notecarefullythelocationsof
thebulkheads,bearings,stools,andcouplings.Thestools
whichsupporttheshaftbearingsareweldedtothetank
topbeforethetightlinehasbeenrun.Whenthe
constructioniscomplete,thecenterlineofthelineshaft
mustoccupythesamepositionasthetightlineoccupied
beforeitwasremoved.

Fig.228SternFrame

Whilethetightlinewasinposition,trammarkswereaccuratelylocatedontheouterfaceof
theeye(Fig.227)andaroundtheroughholeinthesterntubebulkhead(Fib.220).Tram
markswerelocatedontheengineroomwatertightbulkheadandonthetwobulkheads
immediatelyforwardofthesternframe.
Thediameteroftheportableboringbaris5"to14".Aheavybarisalwaysusedonlarge
work.Alwaysuseasheavyabaraspossibletoavoidspring.SeeFig.229.Thediameterof
theeyewilleasilyaccommodatetheboringbar.Otherholesinthebulkheadshavebeen
burnedoutsmallenoughforfinishmachiningandattherightlocationwiththecenterline.
Theeyeinthesternframeistobebored30".
Theholeinthefirstbulkheadforwardoftheeyeistobebored31".
Theholeinthesecondbulkheadforwardoftheeyeistobeburnedout323/4"toallowthe
sterntubetopassfreely,butitisnotbored.Ifthereareotherbulkheadsatthislocation,the
blueprintwillshowwhichonesaretobeboredandwhicharetobeburned.
Theholeintheengineroombulkheadisbored323/4"lessabout.003ofoneinch.The.003
ofaninchistoallowforapressfitwhenpullinginthesterntube.
StudyFig.229carefully.Thefittingsonthemainboringbarmayallberemoved,leavinga
barebar.Theentireassemblymaybemovedbackwardorforwardandsecuredinanydesired
location.

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Fig.229APortableBoringBarAssembly
Fourstools,Fig.229,swivelontheyokesandhaveseveralboltholestoallowtheyokesto
besecuredtoasupportasconditionsrequire.
Theyokeontheendoppositetothehandfeedwheelmayberemovedandthebarslipped
intotheafterendthroughtheholeinthesternframeeyeiftheshiphastwinpropellers.Other
partsoftheportableboringbarhavetoberemovedwhilepreparingtosetthebarinatight
placewhereonepropellerisused.Inthiscaseitisloweredintotheafterpeakandrun
throughtheeyefromtheinside.
Theboringbarisslunginachainfallandpassedthroughtheeyewhereasecondchainfallis
readytoreceiveit.Thebarislocatedbyraisingorloweringthechainfallitisbraced
sidewiseasneartothecenterofthelayoutaspossiblebyroughmeasuring.Theyokesare
adjustedtoaconvenientposition,andsupportstowhichtheboringbaryokesmaybe
securelyboltedareweldedtothedeckplatesandbulkhead.SeeFig.230.Thesesupportsare
sometimescalled"spiders".
Aftertheboringbarissecuredtothespidersitmaybeadjustedtoalocationexactlycentral
withthetrammarkswhichwerelocatedfromthetightline.
Asthemainbaroftheboringbarassemblyisstraightandtrue,anymeasurementsthatmay
betakenfromtheoutsidediameterofthebarwill

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Fig.230BoringBarSupports,InsideandOutside
bejustasaccurateasiftakenfromtheactualcenterofthebar.Fig.233showstheboringbar
bodylinedupinthecenterofthefourtrammarkswhichwereputontheoutsidefaceofthe
eyewhilethetightlinewasstillinplace.Hermaphroditesmaybeusedtocheckthedistance
allaroundtheboringbaruntilitisexactlyinthecenter.Thesameprocedureisfollowedat
theotherendofthebarwhereitprojectsthroughthesterntubebulkhead.Afterthebarhas
beensecurelyboltedinposition,thejobischeckedagaintomakesureofthealignment.
Figure232showsoneofthebulkheadswithaholeburnedthrough.Thefourtrammarksare
measuredfromthetightline,andtheboringbarislinedupwiththesetrammarks.
MeasurementsaretakenfromthetrammarksasshowninFig.233,tothesideoftheboring
barasindicatedbythereversedarrows.>DISTANCEX<Thedistance"x"between
thearrowpointsisthesameallaroundtheboringbar.Thismeasuringmustbedonevery
carefully.
Figure231showsaboringbarsetvertically.Themenareboringthetopgudgeononthe
sternpost.Notethestrongbacksattheupperandlowersidesofthegudgeon.The
strongbacksaresecuredtotheverticalchannelsweldedtotheroundingsurfaceofthe
gudgeon.

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Figure230showsasupportweldedtothe"skeg"ofthesternframeandboltedtothe
reductiongearhousing.Thisisdonetoholdtheboringbarassemblyperfectlyrigidwhilethe
boringisbeingdone.
Thejobofsettingupaportableboringbar
maybesummedupasfollows:
PROCEDURE(Applicableinmostcases)
1.Clearawayallobstructions,tools,and
loosematerialswhichmightinterferewith
thehandlingoftheboringbar.
2.Locatechainfallsandplankingat
convenientpointsforquickandsafe
handlingoftheboringbar.
3.Striptheboringbaroftheyokes,tool
holder,reductiongeardrive,airmotor,and
handfeed.
4.Lowertheboringbarintotheengine
room.Wrapwithbaggingtopreventinjury
tothefinishedsurfaceofthebar.

5.Securetheboringbarinthechainfall
previouslylocatedintheafterpeak,and
balancethebarsothatitmaybeswung
forward.Plankingisplacedtohelpslide
thebaroutthroughtheeyeinthestern
frame.Protectthebarwithbagging,if
necessary.
6.Supporttheouterendoftheboringbar
withplankingandchainfall.
7.Reassembletheyokesandother
accessories,andgetreadytoraisethebar
intoboringposition.
8.Estimatewhereadditionalspidersand
supportsshouldbesecuredtosupport
boringbar.
9.Haveflatoranglesupportscut,and
weldedintoposition.

Fig.231PortableBoringBarSetVertical
forBoringRudderGudgeon

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10.Boltboringbarspiderstosupports,andlineuptheboringbar.
NOTE:Measurefromoutsidediameterofboringbar
mainbodytothetrammarkspreviouslyPlacedonthe
sternframeeyeandbulkheads.Useasteelscaleand
hermaphrodites.Keepthehermaphroditescribingleg
toasharppoint.Recarefultoholdthetoolatright
anglestothecenterlineoftheboringbar.The
measurementsmustbeperfectifthesterntubeistobe
incorrectalignment.Checkwiththeleader.
11.installthetoolholder,adjusttheairmotor,
connecttheairlines,andrecheckallfasteningsto
makesurethebarwillremainincorrectalignment.
Theboringbarshouldnowbereadyforboringtheeye
inthesternframe.
QUESTIONS

Fig.232

1.Aheavyboringbarshouldalwaysbeusedwhere
thereissufficientroomtosetitup.Whyisaheavyboringbarmoredesirablethanalight
one?
2.Whatistheprincipalprobleminvolvedinsettingaportableboringbar?
3.Atwhatpointsaremeasurementstakentobringtheboringbarcentralwiththediameterto
bebored?
4.Explainthereasonforremovingthefittings
fromtheboringbarbeforesettingthroughthe
sternframeeye.
5.Pointouttheprincipalprecautionstobetaken
whengettingreadytosettheboringbarthrough
thesternframeeye.

6.Whatisthepurposeoftheswivelsandyokeson
eachendofaboringbar?
7.Explaintheusualmethodofprovidingsuitable
placestowhichpartsoftheboringbarmaybe

Fig.233

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boltedtoholdtheboringbarinpositionwhiletheboringjobisbeingdone.
8.Stateathowmanypointssupportsfortheboringbarareweldedtemporarilyexplainthe
purposeofeachsupport.
9.Whatwouldbetheprobableresultifaboringbarslippedalittleduringtheboring
operation?
10.Whatisthecorrectprocedureaftertheboringbarappearstobesetcentralwiththeeye
diameter?
BoringASternFrame
ACCURACYOFABORINGJOB
Theremustbenoerrorsintheboringofasternframe.Thesternframecastingis"weldedin"
withthehullplatesoftheship,afterwhichoperationallthepiecesbecomeoneunit.Toruin
asternframemeansalossoftimeandmaterialsthatisdifficulttoestimate.Boringastern
frameisamansizedjobwhichthemechanicmustapproachwiththefixedideathatevery
movemustbecarefullyandthoroughlyplanned.Mistakesareabsolutelybarred.
THEBORINGJOB
Fullinstructionshavebeengivenforrunningatightline.Fullinstructionshavebeengiven
forsettingaportableboringbar.Theinstructionsgivenherearetobefollowedafterthe
boringbarisinplace,readytoborethesternframeeyeandthebulkheads,whichwere
showninFig.220.

Fig.234PortablePoringParSetHorizontalforBoringaSternFrameEye

185

PROCEDURE
1.Adjustthetoolholderandtoolbittothecorrectlocation.Turnthebarslowlytofindwhere
thehighspotsareontheinsideoftheeye.SeeFig.234.
2.Feedthetoolintothefulldepthoftheeyetomakesurethatthereisplentyofclearance
andthattherearenohighspotstofoulthetoolandthrowthe"setup"outofline.
3.Wheneverythingseemstobeclear,checkwiththeleader.
4.Setthetooltotakea3/16"cut,andfeedslowlytogetthe"feel"ofthetool.Afasterfeed
maybeusedifitisevidentthatthetoolwill"holdup"andthatthereisno"spring"inthe"set
up."(Acuttingspeedof30to60feetperminuteissafeinmostcases.Checkwiththeleader
onthispoint.)
5.Continuetotakeroughingcutsuntiltheinsidediameteroftheeye"cleansup".
6.Checkwiththeleaderatthispoint.Checkallspiders,yokes,andstoolsfrequentlytomake
surethereisnothingslipping.
NOTE:Assoonastheholeiscleanedup,acheckcanbemadewith
hermaphroditesfromthecircumferenceoftheboretothetrammarks.Thisserves
asadoublecheckontheaccuracyofthework.

Fig.235CheckingtheDiameterofa
SternFrameBore

186

7.Iftheworkisapproveduptothispoint,continueboringthediameteruntilwithin1/8"of
thecorrectdiameter.
8.Borethebulkheadsuptothispointasoutlinedabove.
NOTE:Atthispointthesterntubeshouldbebroughtouttothejobandcarefully
measured.Asthediameteroftheboreintheeyemustbeslightlysmallerthanthe
sterntubediameter,averyclosemeasurementmustbetaken.
Averyslightchangeintemperatureaffectsmetalinthatallmetalsaresensitiveto
heatandcold.Asterntubethatmeasured30"indiameterinawarmmachineshop
wouldverylikelymeasure.005lesswhentakentotheshipwaystobeinstalled.
Thecoldairinthewintermonthswouldshrinkthemetal,anditwouldbetoo
smallfortheboredholeinthesternframeunlessthemeasurementsweretaken
whenbothsternframeandsterntubewerethesametemperature.Thisisthereason
forbringingthesterntubetotheshipwaystobemeasuredbeforethefinishcutis
takeninthebore.
Whenmeasuringthesterntubetogetthesizeandthediametertobore,proceedas
follows:

(a)Withapairofoutsidecalipers,carefullymeasurethediameterofthesterntube.
(b)Laytheoutsidecalipersonalevelsurfaceandsetinsidemicrometerstothe
pointsofthecalipers.
NOTE:
Specialinsidemicrometersareusedforthisjob.There
isanoffsetinthemicrometerwhichwillclearthe
boringbar.SeeFigs.235and236.
MEASURINGTHEINSIDEDIAMETEROFTHE
STERNFRAMEEYE.

Fig.236

187

(c)Whenthesettinghasbeenaccuratelydetermined,reducethesize.008toallowforapress
fit.Thismustbedoneverycarefully.
(d)Nowproceedwiththefinishcutforabout1/8"andcheckwiththemicrometer.Ifthesize
iscorrect,proceed.Iftoolarge,backoffandtryagain.DONOTCUTINLENGTHWISE
FORMORETHAN1/8"BEFORETRYINGFORSIZE.SeeFig.235.

Fig.237FinishCutinaSternFrame
(e)Whentheborecheckscorrectlywiththemikes,proceedwiththefinishcut.Watchthe
toolcarefullyastheboringproceeds.Ifthetoolbeginstoburn,STOP.Checkwiththeleader
ifindoubtastohowtoproceed.SeeFig.237.
Ifthefinishedholeisboredtapering,thesterntubewilllikelyseizewhenbeing"pulledin"
soeveryprecautionmustbeusedtohaveastraighthole.
NOTE:Whenfinishedwithboring,donotmovetheboringbaruntilthediameterofthehole
hasbeencheckedandapprovedbytheleaderorinspector.


188

QUESTIONS
1.Whenadjustingthetoolholdertobegintakingacut,whatprecautionshouldbetakento
preventthetool's"fouling"thework?
2.Howheavyshouldthetoolbesetinforthefirstcutinasternframeeye?
3.Atwhatspeedisitconsideredsafetostartaroughingcut?
4.Whatisunderstoodbythephrase"cleanuptheinsidediameter"ofaboringjob?
5.Explaintheusualcausesfortheboringbar'sgettingoutoflineduringaboringoperation.
6.Howistheroughborecheckedforaccuracywiththecenterlocationbeforeproceeding
withthejob?
7.Howmuchstockisleftforafinishcutinaroughbored"eye"?
8.Statetheusualallowanceforapressfitbetweenthe"eye"andthesterntubediameter.
9.Explainhowthemeasurementistakenforthefinisheddiameteroftheboreinthe"eye".
"Pullingin"ASternTube
PURPOSEOFASTERNTUBE
Thesterntubeistheshellforthelignumvitae,tailshaftbearing.Thesterntubevariesfrom
8to20feetinlength.Theoutsidediameterisstepped,thatis,theendthatfitsinthestern
frameeyeissmallerthantheendthatfitsinthesterntubebulkhead.
CORRECTFITFORASTERNTUBE
Whenthesternframeeyeandthesterntubebulkheadareboredtothefinishedsize,thestern
tubeshould"pullin"underpressure,becausethesterntubeisturned.008ofaninchlarger
thanthesternframeeyeatthesternend(seepoint"a"Fig.238),and.003largerthanthe
sterntubebulkheadatthebulkheadend(Seepoint"b",Fig.239).Figure239illustratesa
tubepartiallypulledintoplace.
USINGTHECHAINFALLS
Whentheboredholesinthesternframeeye,sternframebulkhead,andtheintervening
bulkheadshavebeenbroughttosizetoallowforapressedfitasoutlinedinthelast
paragraph,the'sterntubeisloweredintotheengineroom.Chainfallsareplacedinposition
totakethesterntubeoffofthecrane.Sometimesasmanyas8or10chainfallsareusedto
carrythesterntubeasitisworkedbacktoitsplacefromonechainfalltoanother.Thestern
tubemustbeprotectedwithbaggingtopreventscoringthefinishedsurfacewhilethetubeis
beinghandledbythechainfalls.

189


Fig.238SternTubeinPlace
PREPARINGTO"PULLIN"THESTERNTUBE
Figure239showsthesterntubepartlydrawninthroughthesternframeeyeandthestern
tubebulkheadat"a"and"b".Aheavyboltisshownat"c".Theboltextendsfromtheoutside
ofthebulkheadendofthesterntube,throughastrongback"d",andallthewaythroughthe
sterntubeandthestrongback"e".Ahydraulicram"f"issecuredtotheoutsideofthestrong
back"e".Theramdrawsthesterntubeintoplace.
Twocradles,Fig.240,areusedunderthepullbolttokeepitexactlycentralinthesterntube
bore.Thecradlesandmadeaneasyfitforthesterntubeboreandthepullbolt.Onecradleis
placedatthesternframeend,andtheotherisplacedatthesterntube,bulkheadend.See"x"
and"y",Fig.239.
"PULLINGIN"THESTERNTUBE
Thehydraulicramworksagainstthewasherandnutat"g"andhasaneffectivedrawofabout
10inches.Whentheramhasreachedthe10"limit,anotherwasher(10")"h"isplaced
betweenthestrongbackandthefirstwasherunder"g"andanother10"sectionoftubeis
drawnin.Thisisrepeateduntilthesterntubeiscompletelydrawnintoplace,makinga
metaltometaljointatthesterntubeshoulderandforwardendofeye.SeeFig.238.

Fig.239"PullingIn"aSternTube

190

Apressureofnotlessthan3500poundsregisteredonthegaugeis
standardforacorrectfit.Thispressuremayrunashighas6000
pounds,butitmustnotbelessthan3500pounds.Apressuregauge
isconnectedtoahydraulicpumpwhichactsontheram.Thegauge
shouldbewatchedconstantlyforvariationswhichwillindicatetoo
muchortoolittlepressure.

Fig.240

Thelocknut,Fig.241,hasinthecircumference,severalmachined
notchesintowhichthespannerwrenchfitswhenthenutisbeing
installedorremoved.Whenthelocknuthasfinallybeen"snuggedhome",aholeisdrilledin
thefaceofthesternframeeyeandtappedoutforalockstud.Thelocationofthisholebrings
thelockstudatthebottomofoneofthenotches.Afterthelockstudhasbeensecuredin
place,tackwelditfast.See"a"Fig.241.
Whenthesterntubecomestothejob,itispackedwith
sawdusttokeepthelignumvitaebearingblocksfrom
dryingoutandcracking.Neverremovethesawdustuntil
readytonullthesterntubeintoplace.Whiletheoperation
ofpullinginasterntubeisproceeding,thejobis
inspectedandcriticizedbytheAmericanBureauof
Insurance,ortheLloydInsuranceCompany,andtheagent
oftheshipowner.Thisisdonetomakecertainthatthejob
willconformtoallunderwriterrequirements.

Theoperationofpullinginasterntubemaybesummed
upasfollows:
TOOLSAND
EQUIPMENT

Fig.241LockNut

1.Hydraulicpump
2.Hydraulicram
3.Strongbackassemblies
4.Pullbolt
5.Saddlesforpullbolt
6.Washersforpullbolt
7.Sterntubenutwrench
8.Drillforlockstud
9.Airdrill
10.30poundsledge
11.Chainfalls
12.Meltingladle
13.Pouringladle
14.Heatingtorch

MATERIAL
Plankingforskidsand
platform
Whiteleadandoil
Lockstud
Tightmetal

191

Fig.242InspectingtheProgressoftheSternTubeThroughtheEye

Fig.243


192

PROCEDURE
1.Lowerthesterntubeintotheengineroom.
2.Receivethesterntubeinoneormorechainfalls,andswingtothenextchainfall,passing
thetubeaft.
3.Enterthetubeinthebulkheadhole,andpassitthroughtothesternframeeye.
4.Applywhiteleadandoiltothetube,bulkhead,andeyesurfaces.
5.Installthepullbolt,andadjuststrongbacksandhydraulicram.
6.Pumppressureuntilthepullbolttakeshold.
7.Nowexamineallequipmentandfasteningstomakecertainthetubeisentering"fair".
8.Pullthetubeinasoutlinedinthetextofthisinstructionsheet.
9.Whenthetubeisinplace,checkwiththeinspectorforhisapproval.
10.Ifapproved,removestrongbacks,hydraulicram,andpullboltcleartheplatformfor
installingthelocknut.
11.Drillthroughthesterntubeflangeforstuds,andtapholestosuit.
12.Installstudswithgrommetsandnutsontheaftersideofsterntubebulkhead.SeePartII,
MakingaWatertightJoint,Fig.145forapplicationofstudandgrommet.
13.Placeametalbandaroundtheflangeofthesterntubeinreadinessforpouringtight
metal.
14.Buildupaclaymudsealallaroundtheringtopreventthetightmetal'sescapingwhenit
ispouredintothejoint.
15.Buildup(ontopofthemetalband)aclaymudcupintowhichthetightmetalmaybe
poured.
NOTE:Whilethemetalbandisbeingplacedandthemudsealisbeinginstalled,
thetightmetalshouldbemadeready.Thetightmetalismeltedinaladleovera
heatingtorch.Themetalisconsideredtobehotenoughtopourifapinesticktakes
firewheninsertedinthemeltingmetal.Thistestindicatesapproximatelya
temperatureof535to550F.
16.Pourthetightmetalintothecuppreviouslyprepared.Pourfairlyfasttoinsureagood
jointandavoidairpockets.
NOTE:Incoldweatherthebulkheadandthesterntubeflangeshouldbepreheated
topreventchillingthemetalasitispoured.
17.Removethebandandcalkthetightmetalwitharoughcalkingtool.Thisprocedurewill
tightenupthejointandmakecertaintherearenogasorairpockets.

193

NOTE:Intheeventthatagaspocketoranairpocketisdiscovered,themetalmay
havetobemeltedoutandrepoured.Thisisalmostsuretobenecessaryifthe
pocketisfoundonthebottomsideofthejoint.

18.Installwashersandnutsonthestuds,anddrawuptight.SeeFig.243.
19.Filluptheafterpeakwithwaterfromashorelinehosetomakethenecessarytestfor
leakagearoundthejointsbetweenthesterntubeflangeandbulkheadandthesterntubeand
sternframeeye.
QUESTIONS
1.Whyisaforcedfitnecessarybetweenasterntubediameterandthesternframeeye?
2.Howmuchdifferenceindiametershouldtherebebetweentheboreinthesternframeeye
andtheafterendofthesterntube?
3.Explainhowasterntubeiscarriedbackintopositionafter'itisloweredintothehull.
4.Whatprotectionshouldbegivenasterntubeduringtheoperationmentionedinstep3?
5.Whatisthepurposeofthetwocradleswhichareplacedunderthepullboltinthestern
tube?
6.Statethereasonforpullinginthesterntubewithapressureof3500lbs.registeringonthe
gauge.
7.Whenisthesawdustremovedfromtheinsideofthesterntube?Whyisitnotremoved
sooner?
8.Whenisthesterntubejobinspectedandbywhom?
9.Whatismeantbytheword"fair"?
10.Whyisasmallspaceleftbetweenthesterntubebulkheadandthesterntubeforward
flange?("c"Fig.238)
11.Explaininasfewwordsaspossiblehowandwhytightmetalispouredattheforwardend
ofthesterntube.
12.Howarethesterntubejointstestedforleakageaftertheinstallationiscomplete?
InstallingAPropulsionMotor
PROPULSIONMOTORDRIVE
Thepropulsionmotoriskeyedtooneendofthelineshaft,andthepropelleriskeyedtothe
other.Whenthepropulsionmotorturns,thepropellerturnsatthesamespeedandsomoves
theshipthroughthewater.Thepropulsionmotor(SeeFig.244)iselectricallyoperated,very
muchlikeanyotherelectricmotorexceptthatitisinstalledontheforwardendoftheline
shaftthelineshaftthusbecomestheaxleuponwhichtherotorturns.Thefoundationis
installedaccordingtothelocationgivenontheblueprint.Figure244showsthemotor

194

housingandthelineshafthousing.Themotorisinsidethelargehousing.Notehandles
whichareusedtograspthehousingsectionswhenopeningorclosingthehousingassembly.
Unlesstheinstallationofthepropulsionmotoris
correctinthesmallestdetailitwillnotbepassed
bytheinspector.Thepropulsionmotoris
loweredintotheshipbyshipriggers,sethackas
faroffonthefoundationaspossibletogive
clearanceforinstallingtherotor,andafterthe
rotorisinstalledtheentirestatorunitisshiftedto
thecorrectpositiononthefoundation.
PRECAUTION
Everyprecautionshouldbetakenwheninstalling
thestatortomakesurethatthereisnodamage
causedtoeithertherotororthestator.Itis
advisabletoplaceshimsaroundtheinsideofthe
statortoserveasguideswhenslidingtherotor
intoplace.

INSTALLINGTHEMOTOR
Atthetimethefinalinstallationismade,theline
shafthasalreadybeeninstalled.SeeFig.220.
Thepropulsionmotormustbesetdirectlywith
thelineshaftforthelineshaftcannotbemoved.
Thiscallsforextremelycarefulmeasuring.The
rotorshaftissetinlinewiththelineshaft.Asthe
propulsionmotorweighssixteentonsormore,
theentirejobmustbedonecarefully.
Whenthemotorissetinpositionandapproved
bytheinspectorortheleader,thejoboffitting
chocksisbegun.Whenthechocksarefitted,the
cornersaredrilledandreamedforfittedbolts
theboltsareinstalledanddrawndowntightly
andthentherotorshaftisrevolvedand
"indicated"tomakesureitisinperfect
alignmentwiththelineshaft.
Apieceofinsulationapproximately.125"thick
isplacedbetweenthetopsideofthechockand
thepedestalsofthepropulsionmotoronthe
forwardbearing.Afterthechocksarefittedand
arefoundtobesatisfactory,theyareremoved
andanamountequaltothethicknessof

Fig.244PropulsionMotorandLineShaft

195

theinsulationismachinedoffofthetopofeachchock.Thisjobmustbedoneverycarefully
orthealignmentoftheotherchockswillbethrownoff.
Thefittedboltsthroughtheforwardbearingareinsulatedatthepointwheretheboltspass
throughthepedestalandtheuppersideofthechock.Thesepointsareinsulatedtopreventa
groundontheforwardbearing.SeeFig.245and246.
Ifanarcingconditionshouldbesetup,theshaftandthebabbitbearinginthepropulsion
motorwouldbescoredandbothwouldhavetobereplaced.Suchanarcingconditionmust
bemadeimpossiblebyproperinsulation.
TOOLS

MATERIALS

1.Drillsofthecorrectsize
2.Cornerdrillingmachine
3.Reamersforcouplings(taperandstraight)
4.Reamersforholddownbolts
5.Openwrenchset
6.Scrapers
7.6"scale
8.Thicknessgauge(.002".060")
9.24"insidecalipers
Or
Specialtelescopicgauge

Shimstock
10.Tapergauge(0".390")
11.Centerpunch
12.Machinist'shammer
13.10lb.maul
14.201b.maul
15.Necessarytaps
16.Jackingscrews
17.Dieselsidejacks

GENERALPROCEDURE
1.Findthecorrectlocationoftherotoruniton
thefoundationfromtheblueprint.Levelthe
unitonchocksorwedges,orboth,preparatory
toboltingdown.
2.Alignthecouplingsontherotorshaftandthe
lineshaft.

3.Checkwiththeleader.
4.Fitchocksaspreviouslyinstructed(SeePart
I)underthebearingpedestaloftherotor.
5.Whenthechocksarecorrectlyfitted,check
withtheleader.
6.Iftheworkuptothispointisapproved,
proceedtodrillandreamthecornerholesfor
fittedbolts.

Fig.245LineShaftBearingandPedestal

196

Fig.246TypicalInsulatedStudInstallation
7.Installfittedboltsanddrawthenutsdowntightly.Besuretoinstalltheinsulatedbolts
correctly.
8.Checkthealignmentoftherotorshaftwiththelineshafttomakesuretherehasbeenno
error.
9.Usingjacksorwedges,linethestatorupwiththerotorandcheckthespacingbetweenthe
rotorandthestatorwitha12"taperedwedgegauge.SeeFig.247.
NOTE:Thepropulsionmotorisset"upanddown"toalignwiththelineshaft.005
ofaninchabovethecenter.Thisistoallowforwearasthemotor"settles"inthe
bearings.Theforeandaftlocationisfoundontheblueprint.
10.Whentherotorandstatorappeartobeinperfectalignmentallaround,checkwiththe
leader.Ifthealignmentiscorrect,fitthechocksunderthestatorbase.

197


Fig.247TheStatorisJackedUpTrueWiththeRotor
11.Drill,ream,andinstallfittedboltsonthefourcorners.Pullthenutsuptightly.Useevery
precautiontoinsurethenutsbeingpulleduptothelimit.

Fig.248TypicalTurboGeneratorUnit

198

12.Recheckthespacingbetweentherotorandthestator.
13.Calltheleader,andhavethejobinspecteduptothispoint.Figure248showsaturbo
generatorandexciterset.Severaloftheseunitsareinstalledintheengineroomoradjacentto
theengineroom,andtheygeneratepowerwhichisusedtodrivethepropulsionmotorand
numerousotherelectricmotorsthroughouttheship.Theshiplightingsystemalsodraws
currentfromtheturbogenerators.
QUESTIONS
1.Whenapropulsionmotorisbeinginstalled,whyistherotoralignedbeforethestator?
2.Explaintheprocedureofaligningthestatorwiththerotor.
3.Howoftenisthespacingcheckedbetweentherotorandthestator?
4.Whyisthestatoralignedwiththerotorinsuchawaythatthecenterlineoftherotoris
.005ofaninchabovethecenterofthestator?
5.Describeadieselsidejack.
InstallingFanAndMotorForAirCooler
FANREDUCESTEMPERATURE
Thetemperatureinthevicinityofthepropulsionmotornormallyvariesfrom150to180

degreesFahrenheit.Asthepropulsionmotorisinstalledintheengineroom,itissubjectto
hightemperaturescausedbyheatradiatedfromthesteamlinesandabsorbedbythe
surroundingatmosphere.inwinterthesetemperaturesarereducedsomewhatbycooler
weatherbutinsummer,andinsouthernclimatesespecially,thetemperaturearoundthe
propulsionmotormustbereducedorthemotorwillrunsohotthatitmayburnthebearings.
Anaircoolerisinstalledinaconvenientplaceafanandmotorareconnectedtotheair
coolerbya"circulatingduct"andtheairaroundthemotorisdrawnthroughtheaircooler
continuously,bringingthetemperaturedowntoabout115Fahrenheit.SeeFig.249.
CORRECTINSTALLATION
Theimportanceofcorrectinstallationoftheaircoolerfancannotbestressedtoomuch.
Whentheshipisinservice,thereisanextremelyheavyloadonthepropulsionmotor.Iffor
anyreasonthefanandmotorshouldstopworking,thetemperaturewouldlikelygosohigh
thatthemotorwindingswouldbeindangerofburningout.Ifthisshouldhappenwhilethe
shipisatsea,theresultsmaybeeasilyimagined.
FANANDMOTORUNIT
Thefanandmotorunitsareusuallymountedonabaseasoneunit.Sometimesthefanand
motorunitscomeseparate.Ineithercasetheworkinvolvedinmakingtheinstallationis
muchthesame.

199

Fig.249WestinghouseAirCoolerUnit
Figure249showstwopipelinesthroughwhichseawateriscirculatedforthepurposeof
coolingtheairthatisblownthroughtheaircoolerunitinstalledabovethepropulsionmotor
housing.Theairductfromthefantothecoolerunitisattheleft.Thefanandmotor(not
showninthephotograph)aremountedbelowandclosetothepropulsionmotorhousing.
Theshipfittersbuildthefoundationsandwhentheunitisreadyforinstallation,theship
riggersplaceit.Thelocationonthefoundationislaidoutfromtheblueprintbytheoutside
machinist.Thefanmaybeanywherefrom38"to52"inoutsidediameter.Therevolutions
perminutemaybeabout1175forlargemotorsandabout1400forsmallmotors.Thesmaller
fansoperateathigherspeeds.Thefoundationisinstalledontheengineroomtanktopjustaft
ofthemaincondenser.
Figure250showsaGeneralElectricfanandmotor.Themotorisindicatedat"a",theblower
at"b",theintakeductat"c",andthedischargeductat"d".
Figure251isaphotographofaGeneralElectricAirCooler.Theblowerdischarge(hotair)is
shownat"a"thecoolertank(toreducetemperature)isindicatedat"b".
PROCEDURE
1.Fromtheblueprint,locatethecorrectpositionoftheunitonthefoundation.


200

Fig.250GeneralElectricMotorandFan
2.Leveltheunitonwedgespreparatorytoboltingdown.
3.Drillthecornerholesforfittingboltsthroughthefoundation.
NOTE:Usuallytheunitisbolteddownonmetalchocks,butsometimesawood
cushionofsuitablethicknessisusedtoreducevibration.(Inthiscasemetalchocks
arenotused.)
4.Fitcornerchocksdrill,ream,andinstallfittedboltsanddrawdown.
5.Fittheremainderofthechocks.
6.Haveaninspectorcheckthejobforaccuracy.

201


Fig.251GeneralElectricDischargeDuctandCoolerTank
InstallingASteamBoiler
DESCRIPTIONOFASTEAMBOILER
Tankersandcertaintypesofcargoshipsareusuallyequippedwiththeboilerwhichis
describedhere.Theboilerisbuiltintheshipyardbytheboilermakers.Whencompletely
finished,theboilerissetontheshipbytheriggersandbolteddownbytheoutside
machinists.
TheboilerisknownasaBabcockandWilcox,oilfired,tubularheadertype.Thisunit
weighsapproximatelyfortysixtonswhencompleted.Fig.252.

202

Fig.252BabcockandWilcoxOilFiredboiler
THEFOUNDATION
Afoundationisconstructedintheboilerroom.Theboilerroominatankerislocatedinthe
afterend.Theboilerroominacargoshipislocatedamidships.Theshipfittersbuildthe
foundation,whichisofheavyconstruction.Itisfinishedoffwithtwosteelchannelsthat

supporttheboiler,backandfront.Thefoundationseatisachannelabout14"wideand18"
high.SeeFig.253.
Thechannelisweldedsecurelytothefoundationplate,andtheboilerisbolteddowntothe
channels.Thechannelsarecalled"stools".
Six11/4"boltsareplacedthrougheachofthefourbottomcornersoftheboilerframeand
thefoundationstools.
LAYINGOUTTHEBOLTHOLESINTHESTOOLS
Thelocationsoftheboltholesinthestoolsaretakenfromtheblueprint.Beforelayingout
theholesinthestools,however,boilermakerscheckthebaseoftheboilertomakesurethe
holesinthebasematchwiththeholelocationsontheblueprint.Ifthereisanydiscrepancy,
thelayoutiscorrectedtoagreewiththeboilerbase.Figure254isatonviewofafoundation
stoolontheportsideoftheship.Asimilarfoundationisonthestarboardsiderightnextto
theportfoundation.Twoboilersareinstalledwithabout3feetbetweentheadjacentwalls.
Whenthemachinistlaysouttheboilerlocations,hetakesallmeasurementsfromtheship
centerline,theboilercenterline,andthefoundationcenterline.

203

Fig.253BoilerFoundationSetting
SETTINGTHEBOILER
Theboilerispickedupbytheshipriggersandsetonthefoundationunderthesupervisionof
theoutsideboilermakerleader.Thisisnotdoneuntilaftertheholesaredrilledinthe
foundationstoolsAlayerofsealtightcementabout1/8"thickisspreadonthesurfaceofthe
foundationstoolswithatrowel.Whentheboilerissetonthestools,thecementformsa
cushionfortheboilerandsealsanyunevenplacesonthesurface.Thecementhardens
quickly,andthusasolid,durablejointisformedbetweenthefoundationandtheboilerbase.
Figure252showsvariousvalves,gauges,andcontrolswhichareinstalledbymechanics
especiallytrainedforthispurpose.
PRECAUTIONS
Certainprecautionsmustbeobservedwheninstallinganyofthegauges,valves,andother
partsmentionedabove.
(a)Examinethefittingscloselytofindifrighthandorlefthandthreadsarecutonthe
connections.


204

(b)Beverycarefulinhandlingbrassfittingsnottodamagethefinethreads.
(c)Useawrenchofthecorrectsizeonallfittings,andseethatthewrenchfitsclosely.(Some
wrenchesmaybe"sprung"althoughtheyarestampedthecorrectsize.)
(c)Followthedirectionsgivenbythemanufacturerortheshipbuildingcompany's
blueprints.

Fig.254PlanViewofSteamBoilerFoundation
Manyoftheseaccessoriesappeartobesimpleinformanddonotseemtorequireanyspecial
knowledgetoinstall.Thisisfarfromtrue.Eachparticularpieceofequipmentrequires
correcthandlingandcarefultreatment.
Asanexampleoftheimportanceofworkingcarefullyandcorrectly,considertheworkof
installingaBaileyfeedwaterregulator.Thepurposeoftheregulatoristocontroltheamount
ofwaterfedtotheboilersothatitwillnotrundryandcauseburningofthetubes.The
regulatoralsopreventsanexcessoffeedwaterwhichcauses"wet"steamanddamages
turbinefinsorcracksacylinderhead.

205

*BaileyFeedWaterRegulatorInstructions
PrincipalofOperationSeeFig.255
TheBaileyThermoHydraulicFeedWaterRegulatordependsforitsoperationuponthefact
thatthevolumeofagivenweightoflowpressuresteamisfargreaterthanthevolumeofthe
waterfromwhichthatsteamwasmade.Thewaterwhichoperatestheregulatorissealedina
closedsystemformedbytheannularspacebetweentheinnerandoutergeneratortubes,the
connectingcoppertubing,andthemetalbellowsoftheregulatingvalve.
Whentheregulatorisplacedinoperation,heatfromsteamintheupperportionoftheinner
generatortubecausesthesurroundingwatertoflashintosteam.Thisforceswateroutofthe
annularspaceinthegeneratorthroughtheconnectingtubingintothemetalbellowswhich
expandsandopenstheregulatingvalve.
Iftheboilerwaterleveltendstorise,coldwaterfromwaterstoragelegJrisesupintothe
innergeneratortube.Thiscoldwaterplusradiationsecuredfromthefinsurfaceoftheouter
tubecausessteamintheannularspacetocondense,therebyreducingthepressureinthe
closedsystemandallowingthespringtoclosetheregulatingvalve.
Innormaloperation,theregulationvalveadjustsitspositiontocorrespondwiththerateof
steamingasreflectedbyslightchangesinwaterlevelandacontinuousfeedisdeliveredto
theboiler.
HowtoFillGeneratorWhenValveisAboveGenerator
1.JackvalveopenbymeansofhandjackK.
2.Disconnecttubing,RfrommetalbellowsD.

3.RemoveGuardHfrombellowsD,andplacebellowsinlargebucketfullofwater.
4.Compressbellowsmanytimeswithopenendupuntilalltheairisremovedandbellowsis
filledsolidwithwater.
5.Insertendoftubingftinbucketofwateralongwithbellows.
6.RemovegeneratorplugG,anddrawonopeninguntilwatersyphonsfrombucketout
throughgenerator.
7.Allowwatertorununtilallairiscarriedoutofline,andtheninsertplugG.
8.Withbellowsunderwater,placeGuardHoverbellowsandconnectendoftubingRto
bellows.MakesurethatendoftubingRandbellowsarecompletelysubmergedduringthis
operationsothatnoairgetsintothesystem.
9.ReplaceguardH,andbellowsonvalve.
10.ReleasehandjackKsothatvalvespringisfreetoclosevalve.
11.RemovegeneratorplugG,andpermitexcesswatertorunout.
12.ReplaceplugGandmakesurethatconnectionsatbothendsofcoppertubing,aswellas
plugG,aremadeuptight.
*ThroughthecourtesyofBaileyMeterCompany,Cleveland,Ohio.

206

Fig.255PrincipleofOperationofBaileyFeedWaterRegulator
13.OpenvalvesFandF,andblowdowngeneratorbyopeningvalveP.
14.Aftergeneratorhashadtimetocooloff,regulatorisreadyforservice.
HowtoFillGeneratorWhenValveisBelowGenerator
15.ifpractical,removebellowsandtubingtoanelevationhigherthanthegenerator,and
followsameprocedure,aswhenvalveisabovethegenerator.Ifnot,jackvalveopen,remove
tubingR,andproceedasfollows:
16.Removebellowsfromvalve,andinsertinbucketfullofwater.
17.Compressbellowsmanytimeswithopenendupuntilalltheairisremovedandbellows

isfilledwithwater.
18.PlaceendofcoppertubingQinanotherbucketofwater,anddrawonendofcopper
tubingRuntilsyphonisstarted.
19.PlaceendoftubingRinbucketwithbellows,andallowwatertoflowuntilallairhas
beenwashedoutoftubing.

207

20.StopflowofwaterbyholdingfingeroverendoftubingQ,andatthesametimeplace
guardHoverbellowsandconnectendoftubingRtobellows.Makesurethatendoftubing
andbellowsarecompletelysubmergedduringthisoperationsothatnoairgetsintosystem.
21.ReplaceGuardHandbellowsonvalve.
22.ConnectendoftubingQtogenerator.
23.RemoveplugGfromgenerator,andfillgeneratorwithwateruntilitoverflowsatplug.
24.ReleasehandjackK,andallowexcesswatertorunout.
25.ReplaceplugGandmakesurethatconnectionsatbothendsoftubing,aswellasplugG,
aremadeuptight.

Fig.256
26.OpenvalvesFandF,andblowdowngeneratorbyopeningvalveP.
27.Aftergeneratorhashadtimetocooloff,regulatorisreadyforservice.
28.Generatorshouldbeblowndownperiodicallyoncein24hoursisgoodpractice.Also
generatorshouldbeblowndownwheneverregulatorisplacedinserviceaftertheboilerhas
beenoutofservice.
29.Springtensiononregulatingvalvehasbeenadjustedatfactorysothatvalvebeginsto
openwhenapressureof35poundspersquareinchisappliedtothemetalbellows.This
adjustmentshouldnotbechanged.
30.Doriotmakeuppackingnuttightenoughtojamvalvestem.Makeuponlyfingertight.
31.Makesurethereisnoexcessivefrictionorrubbingofregulatingvalveparts.Amixtureof
graphiteandoilappliedtoguidesandvalvestemishelpful.
32.Thewaterlevelcarriedbyregulatorisdeterminedbylocationofgenerator.Aswillbe
notedfromacurve,therelationbetweenwaterlevelandvalvetravelvarieswithchangesin

the

208

boilerpressure.Itmaybenecessary,therefore,tolower
thelevelofgeneratorwithrespecttonormalboiler
waterlevelforhigherpressure,andtoraiseitforlower
presses.Underaverageconditions,generatorfillingplug
islocated1to11/2inchesabovenormalwaterlevel.
Whendecidingonageneratorlocation,itiswellto
estimatethegaugeglasslevelwhichwillresultwhen
thevalveisinaclosedposition.Thismaybedoneby
followingboilerpressurelinetothelefthandedgeof
curve,andbyreadingthedistanceininchesbetween
thisintersectionandtheproposedlineofnormalgauge
glasslevelwhichwillbesomewherebelowthelevelof
thegeneratorfillingplug.
33.Ifregulatingvalveclosescompletelyattoolowa
waterlevel,thisindicatesthattoolittlewaterisinthe
systemandthatthesystemshouldberefilled.
34.Ifregulatingvalvedoesnotclosecompletelyuntil
waterlevelgetstoohigh,thereistoomuchwaterin
systemandasmallamountshouldbeallowedtodrain
out.
35.Waterlevelcarriedbyregulatorundernormalload
Fig.257SectionthroughBailey
conditionsisdeterminedlargelybyexcessoffeedwater
FeedWaterRegulatorValve
pressure.Increasingfeedwaterpressureraiseswater
level,anddecreasingfeedwaterpressurelowerswater
level.Bestresultswillbeobtainediftheexcesspressureshownonthevalvedatasheetis
maintained.

36.Ifregulatorcarriesagraduallylowerandlowerwaterlevel,thisindicatesaleakin
system.Ifleakisnotapparent,putateaspoonfulofboraxinwaterandrefill.Afterregulator
hasrunforseveralhours,agrayishmarkwillappearatpointofleakage.
37.NeverpaintgeneratororradiatorJ.
38.Regulatorshouldoperateindefinitelywithoutaddingwatertogenerator.
39.Whenitisnecessarytoaddwater,closevalvesFandEandopenvalveP.Aftergenerator
hascooled,removeplugGand

209


Fig.258SectionthroughBaileyFeedWaterValveBodyshowingconstructionofTight
SeatingInnerValve.
addwatertooverflowing.Makesurethevalveisinclosedpositionwhenthisisdone.
40.Ifthereisairinsystem,completelyrefillinaccordancewithpreviousinstructions.
(Paragraphs1to14orParagraphs15to27.)
InstallingWinches
DESCRIPTIONOFWINCHES
Awinchisamechanicallyoperateddevicewhich,bymeansofaspecialarrangementof
gearinganddrums,pullsarope,acable,orachainatvariousspeeds.(Fig.259.)Theseropes,
cables,orchainsmaybeattachedtotheship'scargobooms,dockinghawsers,oranchors.
Thewinchmechanismisusuallysteamoperated.
Theoperatorusuallycontrolsthewinchbymeansofthrottleandbrakemechanisms.The
controlsareshownclearlyinsubsequentillustrations.
Thedrums,orcapstans,whicharefastenedtothedriveshaftextensionsarecorrectlysloped
tofittheropes,orcables,thatmaybewrappedaroundthedrums.SeeFig.259.Thesmall
drum"t",Fig.259,isgroovedtoreceiveawirecable.Thisdrumandthedrumontheport
sidearesometimesusedforemergencysteering.Whenthepowerisappliedtothewinch,the
ropeorcablewindsup,andapullwillbeexerteduponwhateverisfastenedtotheotherend
oftherope.Theobjectontheotherendoftheropewillhaveatendencytomovetowardthe
winch.

210

Fig.259StarboardSideofAfterDeckWinch
CLASSIFICATIONOFWINCHES

Winchesareclassifiedaccordingtotheiruseorlocation.Ananchorwinch(Fig.260),usedto
raisetheanchor,islocatedwithinareasonabledistanceoftheanchor.Asternmooring
winch,locatedatthestern,isusedtotakeonmooringlines.Deckcargowinchesarelocated
amidshipsandonforwarddecks.Asthenameimplies,cargowinchesareusedtoloadand
unloadcargoes.
Winchesareoftenusedforpurposesotherthanthoseforwhichtheywereoriginally
intendedforexample,acargowinchlocatedamidshipsmightconvenientlybeusedasa
mooringwinch,fore,aft,oroutboard.Thisuseismadepossiblebymeansofblocksand
rollersoverwhichtheropeorcableappliesitspullinachangeofdirection.
AWINCHSETTING
Somewinchesaresetonspecialfoundationsotherscanbesetonthefoundationorskidjust
asbuiltbythemanufacturer.Allsettingupandsecuringofawinchonthefoundationmust
bedoneinamannerthatwillnotwarporbindtheworkingpartsofthemechanism.Forthis
reasonthelocationsforthebearingbracketsmustallbelaidoutcarefullytothecenterlines,
asshownontheblueprint.AtypicalbearingbracketisshowninFig.261.
Theboltholesforthebracketfeetareeasilydrilledfromtheoutsideofthebracket,straight
downthroughthechannelfillerorbase.See"a",Fig.261.Allbracketfeetarenotthesame
inthisrespect.

211

Fig.260TypicalAnchorWinchonForwardDeck
AnexampleofanothertypeofbearingbracketisshowninFig.262.Noticethatinthiscase
theboltholeislocatedundertheslopingflangeofthebearingbracketat"b".Theboltholes
forthefeetcannotbedrilledthroughwhilethebearingbracketisinposition.
SETTINGANANCHORWINCH
Thelocationforananchorwinchislaidoffbythe
shipfitters.Flatbariscorrectlyplacedandweldedtothe
decksoastoformabandaroundthewinchfoundation
area.Flatbarisalsocorrectlyplacedandweldedtothe
deckaroundthechainlockerbellmouths.SeeFig.264.
Theshipcarpentersbuildawoodenfoundationinsideof

thebandareauponwhichthewinchistobebolteddown.
Thesettingofanafterdeckwinchdiffersinsomerespects
fromthesettingofananchorwinchandwillbeexplained
fullyundertheheading,"SettingaDeckWinch".

Fig.261BearingBracket

212

TOOLSANDEQUIPMENT
1.Number4cornerairdrillingmachine
2.Drills
a.1fulllength
b.1halflength
c.112"extension(thesizesofthedrillsdependonthe
holesinthebaseofthewinch)
Fig.262BearingBracket
withInsideBoltHoles

3.Shipfitter'staperreamer(boltholesize)
4.Chalkline

5.Centerpunch
6.Fullsetofwrenches
7.13/4lb.hammer
8.6'tape
9.50'tape
10.Pocketknife
MATERIALS
2roundsteelbars18"long(Thesebarsmust
fittheholeinthewinchbaseeasily,but
snugly.

Fig.263BoltHolesLaidOut

Redlead
Tarredfelt
TackGrommets
StudsWashers
Nuts

Fig.264LayoutforChainlockerBellMouths


213

Thejobofsettingananchorwinchmaybeoutlinedasfollows:
PROCEDURE
1.Findthecenterbetweenthetwochainlockerbellmouthsinthedeck.
2.Snapachalkline"aa"foreandaftonthewoodfoundation,parallelwiththecenterlineof
theship,andpassingthroughthecenterbetweenthechainlockerbellmouthsinthedeck.
SeeFig.264.Distance"WW"isthesamelength.
3.Snapasecondcenterline"bb"atrightanglestocenterlinethroughporttostarboard
centersofthechainlockeropenings.
4.Locateaforeandaftcenterlineonthebaseofthewinch.Measurefromporttostarboard
onthebaseofthewinch,findthecenterofthebase,andcenterpunchmarkthe,edgeofthe
base.Dothisforeandaft.
NOTE:Thereareopeningsinthewinchbase,portandstarboard,throughwhich
theanchorchainsfallsothattheymaybestowedinthechainlockersbelowdecks.
Theseopeningsmustlineupwiththechainlockeropeningsinthedeck.The
outboardedgesofthewinchbasemusthemarkedwithacenterpunchsothatthe
centersoftheopeningsinthebasecanbesetexactlyoverthelinewhichwas
snappedonthefoundationinstep3.
5.Measurethedistancefromtheforwardedgeofthewinchbasetothecenterofthechain
openinginthebase.
6.Layoffthisdistanceontheoutboardedgesofthewinchbaseandmarkwithcenterpunch.
NOTE:Thesecenterlinemarksonthewinchbasemustcorrespondwiththechalk
linewhichwassnappedonthewoodfoundation.
7.Havethewinchsetbytheriggers.
NOTE:Theshipriggerssetthewinchonthisfoundationunderthesupervisionof
theoutsidemachinistleader.
8.Afterthewinchhasbeensetbytheriggers,gobelowintothechainlockerandinspectthe
alignmentofthewinchchainholeswiththechainlockeropenings.Thecenterswhen
checkedareequalforeandaftandportandstarboard.Adjustthewinchifnecessary.
9.Whenthewinchhasbeenadjustedtotheproperlocationonthefoundation,havethe
carpentersinspectthewoodfoundation.
NOTE:Atthispointtheshipcarpenterchecksthefitbetweenthebaseofthe
winchandthewoodfoundationforhighspots.
10.Drillallboltholes,usingtheholesinthebaseofthewinchasaguide.Theholesare
drilledthroughthewoodfoundationandthroughthesteeldeck.Checkcarefullywhen
drillingtomakesurethattherearenoelectriccablesimmediatelybeneaththeholes.Consult
theleaderifthereareobstructions.

214


Fig.265CuttingtheTarredFeltAroundtheBoltHoles
11.Markthroughallholesthatcannotbedrilledthroughthebaseofthewinch.
NOTE:Somepartsofthebaseareheavierthanothers.Wherethethicknessdoes
notexceedfourorfiveinches,theholelocationsmaybemarkedwithapencil.
Wherethethicknessrunsperhapsasmuchasteninches,adrillisinsertedthrough
theholeinthebaseandtheholeis"spotted".Alltheholesshouldhavebeen
drilledorspottedatthispoint.
12.Theriggersliftthewinchoffthefoundation,andtheholesthatcouldnotbedrilled
beforearedrillednow,usingthe"spotted"pointstostartthedrill.
NOTE:Thecarpentertrimsoffthehighspotsofthewoodatthistimetoinsurea
goodfitbetweenthewoodfoundationandthewinchbase.
13.Afteralltheholesaredrilled,paintandsoakthewoodwithredlead.
14.Coverthewoodfoundationsurfacewithtarredfelt,andtackitdownsecurelywith
numbertentacks.Specialattentionisgiventotackingthecornerofeachsheetoftarredfelt.
(Thesetarredfeltsheetscomeinrectangularpieces2'x4'x1/8"thick.)
15.Cutholesthroughthefelttomatchtheboltholesboredinthefoundation.
NOTE:Findthelocationofeachholewiththefingers,andcutthroughthefelt
withasharpknife.Followthesideoftheholeinthewoodfoundation,andtrimthe
feltfullyaslargeasthehole.SeeFig.265.
16.Havetworoundsteelbarsathand.(Seematerials)

215

17.Soaktheentirefeltsurfacewithredlead.
18.Havetheriggersliftthewinchandswingitoverthefoundation.Lowertowithinthree
inchesofthepaintedsurface.
19.Inserteachoneofthesteelbarsinoppositecornersofthewinchbasethroughan"open
hole".
NOTE:"Openhole"meansaholethatissolocatedthatthebarmaybeeasily
removedafterthewinchissetonthefoundation.
20.Swingthewinchuntiltheholethroughwhichthesteelbarsareinsertedcorrespondwith
matchingholesinthefoundation,andenterthebarsinthefoundationholes.
21.Lowerthewinch.Thesteelbarsguidethewinchtothecorrectsetting.
22.Removethesteelbars.
23.Numbereachholeinthebaseofthewinch.
NOTE:Startnumberingtheholesattheportsideforwardproceedaftandall
aroundthewinchbasetothestartingpoint.

24.Measurethelengthoftheboltsrequiredforeachnumberedhole,andlistthesizesona
convenientscratchpad.
NOTE:Measureeachholefromthetopofthebasetotheundersideofthedeck.
Tothisdimensionaddsufficientlengthtoallowforanutandahalfnutonthetop
ofthebaseallowforagrommet,washer,andnutbelowdeck.(Forexample:abolt
11/2"indiameterrequires21/2"ontopand13/4"below.Ifthe"metaltometal"
lengthmeasures8",thenthetotallengthoftheboltwillbe8"21/2"13/4"12
1/4".)Theleader,however,usuallychecksfortheboltlength.Theremustbe1/2"
morethreadontherespectiveboltendsthanisrequiredforthethicknessofthe
nuts.
25.Orderstudsfromthemachineshop.Thesestudsaremadeofspecialsteel.
26.Gobelowdeck,andwiththecornerairdrillingmachinereamalltheboltholesinorder
totakecareofmisalignmentandcleartheholesofslivers.
27.Installallthestudsbeginningattheinboardholes.Tighteneachstudreasonablytight.
Checkwiththeleader.
28.Havetheentirejobinspected.
SETTINGANAFTERDECKWINCH
Anafterdeckwinchislocatedonthepoopdeckaftofthegalley.Theoutsidemachinistbolts
thefoundationanglestothebaseofthedeckwinchaccordingtotheblueprint.Shipfitterslay
outthelocationforthewinchandthensetit.Theshipfitterstackweldtothedeckandthen
bracetheangleswhichtheoutsidemachinistboltedtothewinchbase.Thewinchisthen
liftedfromtheangles,andthefoundationiscompletedbytheshipfittersbracketsandstruts
areweldedinplacetostiffenandmakethefoundationsolid.

216

Whentheshipfittershavecompletedthefoundation,theoutsidemachinistlevelsoffthe
surfaceofthewinchbase.Thepaintersarethennotifiedtoapplyacoatofsuitableprotective
paint.Thefoundationisnowreadyforthesettingofthewinch.
CAPSTANSHAFTS
Thistypeofwinchisequippedwithcapstanshaftsthatextendsomedistancebeyondthe
winch.Portandstarboardcouplingsconnectthecapstanshafttothemaindrivingshaft.
Theseshaftsmayextendforasmuchas4feetandaresupportedportandstarboardbyoneor
morebearingpedestals.Thebearingpedestals(calledbearingbrackets)aresettocarrythe
capstanshaftincorrectalignmentwiththemaindrivingshaft.Suitablefoundationsare
placedunderthefeetofthebearingpedestal,andtheyareweldedtothedeck.Bearing
bracketsareboltedtothesefoundationswithfittedchocksbetweenfoundationsandpedestal
feet.SeeFigs.252,266and271.

Fig.266AfterDeckWinchShowingControls
Figure266showsthestarboardsideofanafterdeckwinch.Thefootpedal"a"controlsthe
brake.Thehandlever"b"controlsthemotivepower.Thefoundationsareformedinthe
blacksmithshop.Aflatplateapproximately1/2"thick,andofthecorrectsize,isheatedand
benttothechannelshapeshowninFig.263.Theflattopofthefoundationisthenplanedoff
levelandtrueinthemachineshop.Itisonthismachinedsurfacethatthelocationsforthe

bracketfeetarelaidout.InFig.263areshowncenterlineswhichindicatethecenterofthe
foundationlengthwiseandcrosswise,andthecentersoftheboltholes.

217

TOOLSANDEQUIPMENT

MATERIAL

1.Portablegrinder
2.8"outsidecalipers
3.8"insidecalipers
4.Fullsetofwrenches
5.Drills(diameterofthedrilldependsonthediameterofthebolt
holesinthewinchbaseandbrackets)
6.Shipfitter'staperreamer(boltholesize)
7.Centerpunch
8.13/4lb.hammer
9.6'tape
10.50'tape
11.14"secondcutflatfile
12.No.4cornerairdrillingmachine
13.14"squarebastardfile
14.Thicknessgauge
15.Cclamps
16.Scriber
17.Dividers
18.Oilstone
19.Spoonbearingscraper
20.Hermaphrodites

Garlockpacking
Chalk
Bolts
Nuts
Washers
Pieceof11/16"round
stock6"long

Thejobofsettinganafterdeckwinchmaybeoutlinedasfollows:
PROCEDURE
1.Procurefromtheshipfitterthesideanglesuponwhichthewinchistobeset.
2.Blockupthewinchaboutonefoothighallaround.
3.Chalkonelegofeachsideanglefortheentirelengthandclampthechalkedsidetothe
winchbaseinaforeandaftposition,oneangletoportandoneangletostarboardplacethe
legsoftheanglesinboardwiththeedgesoftheanglesextendingbeyondthewinchbase
about1/2".SeeFig.267.Theendsoftheanglesprojectbeyondthewinchbaseabout11/2"
foreandaft.Dividethedistancesothattheanglesprojectthesameamountforeandaft,even
ifthedistanceismoreorlessthan11/2".

Fig.267WinchBaseBlockedUpforPlacingSideAngles


218

4.Scribethroughtheholesinthewinchbase,andmarkthelocationsoftheseholesonthe
angles.
NOTE:Scribingtheholelocationsmustbedoneverycarefullybecausethereisno
roomtouseareamertolineuptheholesaftertheyaredrilled.
5.Marktheanglesononeend,andplaceasimilarmarkonthewinchbaseabovetheangles
(makethemarkwiththecenterpunch).Thiswillenablethemechanictoreplacetheanglesin
thecorrectlocation.
6.Removetheangles,andmakefoursimilarpunchmarks,spacedequallyaroundthe
circumferenceofeachboltholdcircle.SeeFig.268.
7.Withthedividers,findthecenterofthescribedcircle.See
Fig.82"RemovingBrokenStudsandBolts",PartI,formethod
ofprocedure.
8.Centerpunchthecenterattheintersectionofthedividerlines.
9.Drilla3/8"pilotholethroughallcenters.SeePartI,
"ReamingThroughHoles",Fig.64,forpilotholeprocedure.
10.Selectadrillofthesamediameterastheholeinthewinch
base,anddrillthroughthepilothole.
11.Measurefortheboltlengths,andallowforanut,plus1/2"
beyondtheactualthicknessofwinchbaseandangle.

Fig.268MarkingBolt
HoleCenters

12.Checkfortheproperanglelocation(Seestep5),andbolttheanglestothewinchbase.
NOTE:Theshipfittershavelaidoutthelocationofthewinchonthepoopdeck.
13.Havetheshipriggersliftandplacethewinchonthepreviouslylaidoutlocationonthe
deck.
14.Havetheshipfitterlevelthewinchandweldtheangleedgetothedeck.Theoutside
machinistleaderchecksthejobforcorrectinstallationatthispoint.
15.Removethebolts,andliftthewinchoffthefoundationsothatthefoundationmaybe
finishedbytheshipfitters.
NOTE:Theshipfitterweldsgussets,angles,andcrossplatesinpositiontostiffen
thefoundation.
16.Grindoffthetopofthefoundationallweldingburrswhichmightinterferewiththelevel
fitbetweentheWinchbaseandthefoundationtop.
17.Notifythepainter,andhavethefoundationpaintedwithantirustsolution.
18.Setthewinchbackonthefoundation.Boltsecurely,andlockallboltswithhalfinch
nuts.

219

19.Removethefittedboltsfromthemaindriveshaftofthewinch,andcleanthebearing
surface.Checkforandremoveanyroughspotswiththeoilstone.
NOTE:Toavoidlosingthefittedbolts,wirethemtogetherandwirethebundleto
thewinch.
20.Checkthenumberwhichisstampedonthemainshaftcoupling,andfindthematching
numberonthecapstanshaftcoupling.

21.Havetheriggersblockupthecapstan.When
thisoperationiscomplete,lineupthecapstanas
closeaspossiblewiththemaindriveshaft.The
capstanshouldbeblockedwithtwowoodenwedges
topreventitfromshifting.
NOTE:Theinboardendofthecapstanshaftisheld
temporarilybythespigotcoupling.Oneboltis
placedlooselythroughthecouplingtoprevent
slipping.SeeFig.270.
22.Layoutcenterlinesonthetopofthechannel
foundationasshowninFig.263.
23.Locatethecenterofthebearingbracketonthe
edgeofthebase,foreandaft,portandstarboard.
Centerpunchthesecenters.See"x"and"y".Fill.
271.

Fig.269BlockingoftheCapstan

24.Placethebearingbracketcenteronthechannel
foundationcenter.Centerthebracketonthechannel
foundationforeandaft,portandstarboard,tomatch
thecenterpunchmarkandthecenterlines.
NOTE:Chalkthemachinedsurfaceofthechannel
foundationsothatthe"layout"lineswillstandout
clearly.
25.Scribethroughtheholesinthebearingbracket.
Markthefoundationsandthebaseofthebearing
bracketsothatthelocationswillnotbelost.
26.Centerpunchthecircumferencesoftheholesas
instep6,andlocatecenterasinstep7.

Fig.270SpigotCouplingSupport

220

Fig.271MarkingtheRearingBracketCenters
27.Centerpunchmarkattheintersectionsofthedividerlines.
28.Drill3/8"pilotholesthroughthecenters.
29.Selectadrillofthesamesizeasthediameteroftheholeinthebearingbracketbase,and
drillpilotholesthrough.
30.Cleanupthemachinedbearingsurfaceonthecapstanshafts,andstoneanyroughspots.
31.Removethecapfromthebearingbracket,andcleananyroughsurfacescarefully.
32.Applygreasetotheshaftbearingsurfaces.
33.Slidethebottomhalfofthebearingbracketontheshaft,andblockuptemporarily.

34.Placeapieceofgarlockpackingatthetopsideoftheshaftonthebearingsurface.This
packingshouldbethewidthofthebearingandabout1/3oftheshaftcircumferencein
length.
35.Replacethebasecaponthebearingbracketoverthe
garlockpacking.
36.Bumpthebearingbracketouttothecapstanhubto
cleartheshaftofthehubabout.030ofaninch.
37.Tightenthebearingcaponthegarlockpackingsoas
todrawthebottomhalfofthebearingbrackettighttothe
shaft.SeeFig.272.

Fig.272PlacingGarlock
Packing

38.Checkthecouplingbetweenthemaindriveshaftand
thecapstanshaft.Thebottomofthecouplingshouldbe
linedupatthebottom.003"open",andabout.015
betweenthefacesofthecouplings.SeeFig.273.

221

39.Checkthemarksonthefoundationwiththemarksonthebearingbracket,andslidethe
correctfoundationunderthebracket.Ifthefoundationistoohightoset,haveitrough
burnedoffuntilitwillslideundereasily.
40.Boltthefoundationtothebottomofthebracketwithtemporarybolts.Drawtheboltsup
tight.
41.Chalkthefoundationabout.1"abovethedeckonbothsidesfortheentirelength.
42.Recheckthecouplingforclearanceasshown
inFig.273.
43.Measurewiththesquare,andlevelthe
foundationwiththedeckforeandaft.
44.Setthe"morphs"to1",andscribeonthe
chalkedsurfacesparallellinesonbothsidesofthe
foundation.
45.Removethebolts,andremovethefoundation.

Fig.273CouplingFaceAllowance

46.Centerpunchmarkthefoundationalongthe
scribedlinesonbothsides11/2"apart.
47.Havethefoundationburnedofftothesecenterpunchedlines.
48.Knockofftheslagandroughsidesoftheburnededgeswithahammer.
49.Slidethefoundationbacktotheformerpositionunderthebracket,butonthedeck,
leavinga1"spacebetweenthetopofthefoundationandthebottomofthebracket.
50.Inserttwopiecesofroundstock,easyboltholesize,throughtheboltholesinthe
oppositecornersofthebracketbaseandtheholesinthefoundation.Thisoperationwillserve
tolineupthefoundationholeswiththebracketholes.
51.Withfoxwedges,raiseonesideofthefoundationuntilitis11/16"higherthantheother
side,thusformingawedgeshapedspacebetweenthefoundationandthebracketbase.
52.RecheckthecouplingforclearanceasinFig.273.
53.Havethewelderstackallfourcornersofthefoundationtothedeck.
54.Recheckthewedgeshapedspaceasinstep51tomakesurethatthefoundationis1/16"
higherononesidethanitisontheotherside.
55.Ifcorrect,weldthefoundationtothedeckinsideandoutsidefortheentirelength.
50.Placeheelwedgesbetweenthefoundationandthebearingbracket,twoforwardandtwo
aft.Thebracketisnowsupportedontheheelwedges.

57.Removeblockingfromunderthecapstan.

222

58.Useapieceofscrapmetaltomakeastrongbacktolayacrossthebracketedge.Drill
holesforthebolts.Placetwoboltslongenoughtopassthroughthestrongbackandreachto
thedeck.Weldthebottomendoftheboltstothedeck.Placenutsanddrawdowntight.See
Fig.271.
59.Weldapieceofflatbartothedeckaftofbearingbracketabout2".Aholeisdrilled
throughtheplatebarforabolt.Theboltisusedasabackingscrewtopreventthebracket's
driftingaft.SeeFig.274.

Fig.274UsingaFlatbarStopandanAdjustingScrew
60.Checkalladjustmentsforalignmentreadjustifnecessary.
61.Takechocksizesandorderchocks.
62.Fitchocks.
63.Scribeholesinchocks,andhavethemdrilled.
64.Placechocks,installthebolts,anddrawdowntightly.Lockwiththehalfnuts.
65.Removetheheelwedges.
NOTE:Repeatontheoppositesideofthewinchallofthestepsherein
enumerated.Bothsidesareworkedtogether.
66.Recheckcoupling.SeeFig.273.Ifthealignmentisthesameasitwasbefore,havethe
inspectorapprovethejob.Ifthecouplingisoutofalignment,thechockswillhavetobe
refitted.
67.Drillandinstall1/2"dowelsonoppositecornersofthebearingbrackets.SeeFig.275.
NOTE:Thedowelsareturned.502ofaninchindiameterandthreadedfor3/4of
aninchononeend.Thethreadisforthepurposeofremovingthedowelif
necessary.Thedowelmustbelongenoughbelowthethreadtopassthroughthe
bracketandthefoundation.Thethreadedendofthedowelmustbeundercutto
formashoulder,andtheendmustbeslightlyroundedasinFig.275at"b".

223

Runanutonthethreadedendofthedowelflushwiththeshoulderbeforestartingtodrive
thedowelintoplace.Thisnutwillpreventmushroomingtheendofthedowelunderthe
hammerwhenthedowelisdrivenintoplace.
Drillthedowelholeswitha31/64"drill.Afterdrilling,reamthroughwitha1/2"hand
reamer.Thedowelshoulddriveinwithmediumforce.
68.Removethebearingbracketcap,andtakeoutthe
garlockpacking.
69.Cleanoutthebearingcap.Cleanuptheshaft.
70.Greasetheshaft,replacethebearingcap,and
tightendown.

71.Checkwiththefeelersandallow.012ofaninch
clearancebetweenshaftandbearing.Ifmorethan
.012,removeashim.Iflessthan.012,addashim.
72.Cleanupfeedboltsandcoupling.
73.Drivefittedboltsthroughcoupling,anddrawall
nutsdownsnugly.
74.Drillanddowelthebaseofthedeckwinchonthe
foundation.

Fig.275DriveFitDowel

75.Greasetheentiremechanism,andprepareitfor
operation.
InstallingASteeringGearandTelemotorFor
PilotHouseIndication

GENERALDESCRIPTIONOFMAINSTEERINGGEAR
Themainsteeringgearcontrolsthepositionoftheship'srudder.Aship'srudderweighsas
muchas24tonsandsteeringtheshipbyhandasisdoneinasmallpleasureboatisnot
possible.
Amechanicallyoperateddevicewhichisknownasasteeringgearisinstalledintheafter
peakonadeckcalledthesteeringgearflat.Certainmotors,pumps,andothermechanisms
areinstalledonthesteeringgearflatwhichcontroltheoperationsofthesteeringgear.
Controlwheelsareinstalledinthewheelhouseandontopofthewheelhouse.The
wheelhouseislocatedonthenavigatingbridgedeck.
Othercontrolwheelsarelocatedonthesteeringgearflatforwardofthemainsteeringgear.
Thecontrolwheelsactuatethesteeringmechanismsbymeansofhydraulicpowerwhichis
transmittedfromcontrolwheeltosteeringgearthroughapipelineconnectingthe
wheelhousewiththesteeringgearroom.Hence,theentireinstallationisknownastheship's
steeringgear.TheportsideoftheforwardendofthesteeringgearengineisshowninFig.
276.

224

Fig.276PortSideofSteeringGearinSteeringGearRoom
ALIGNINGSTEERINGGEARMECHANISMS
Theentiresteeringgearmechanismislinedupwiththecenterlineoftherudderstock.
Hence,theruddermustbeplacedandtherudderstockinstalledbeforetheworkofinstalling
thesteeringgearmaybegin.
Figure277showstherudder(a),therudderstock(b),theruddertrunk(c),thecarrierbearing
(d),thebearingdisk(e),thecarrierandbrakedrum(f),thetiller(g),andthekeeperring(h),
installedinposition.Allofthesepartsmustlineupwiththerudderstockcenterlineforeand

aft,portandstarboard.
Theprocedurefortheinstallationofthesepartsuptothepointwheretheinstallationofthe
steeringgearcommencesisasfollows:
1.Weldtheruddertrunk(c)inpositionasshown.
2.TherudderisplacedandthegudgeonpinsinstalledasshowninFig.277at"z".
3.Therudderisraisedandasteelblock2"thickisinsertedbetweentheuppergudgeoneye
andtheruddertoholdtherudderinthisraisedPosition.SeeFig.277at"x".
4.Installtherudderstock(b).
5.Installthecarrierbearing(d).

225

NOTE:Thecarrierbearingisboltedtotheruddertrunk.
6.Installthebearingdisk(e).
7.Installthecarrierandbrakedrum(f),andhavethebrakehandinpositiononthebrake
drumtobeconnectedtothebrakeleverlater.
NOTE:Thetwohalvesofthecarrierandbrakedrumarenottightenedsnuglyuntil
therudderisloweredintoworkingposition.
8.Installthetiller(g).
9.Installthekeeperring(h).
10.Lifttherudderenoughtoremovethe2"blockwhichwasplacedtoraisetherudderin
Step3.
11.Lowertherudderintopositionsothattheruddercarriertakestheentireweightofthe
rudderassembly.
12.Tightentheboltsthroughthetwohalvesoftheruddercarrierandbrakedrumcasting,
securingthecarriertotherudderstock.
13.Swingtheruddertoportandstarboardandcheckitagainsttherudderstopsforthe
correctanglewiththeshipcenterline.Iftheangleisnotcorrect,addtoortakeawayfrom
therudderstops.
14.Bringtheruddertoamidshippositionandsecurewithchainfallsfromthetillertothe
shelloftheship.15.Installthepackingandthesplitpackingglandsshownat"j",Fig.277.
INSTALLINGMAINSTEERINGGEARRAMSANDCYLINDERS
Thefoundationsforthemainsteeringgearramandcylindersare"A""A""A",Fig.279.
Figure281showsthisunitextendingathwartships.Notethetwoheavybolts,"B""B"which
actasasupportforthefollowupgearbearingandpinion.Theseboltsareshownat"B",Fig.
280andat"B",Fig.282.Theboltstietheportandstarboardramsandcylinderstogetherand
ensuretheircorrectalignment.
Thefoundationtops,Fig.279,"A","A","A",areroughleveledoffwithaportablegrinder
andfinishgroundwithaportablesurfacegrinder.Thesurfacesofthefoundationtopsare
groundlevelandsmoothforadistanceofapproximately10"fromtheedge,foreandaft.
This10"levelplanesurfaceslopesfromnothingtotheoutsideabout1/64ofaninch,butnot
morethan1/32ofaninch.Alongstraightedgeisusedtochecktheamountofslope.SeeFig.
287.
ThisprocedureiscarriedoutonallthefoundationtopsshowninFig.279,"B""B","C""C",
"D","E","F",and"G".
Theshipriggerspickupthemainunitandlowerittothefoundation"A""A".Theunitisthen
leveledandbroughttothecorrectpositionforeandaft,portandstarboard.Thejobisnow
readytohavethechocksfittedandtheboltsinstalledthroughthebase.Thismainramand
cylinderunitmustbeinplacebeforeproceedingtoinstallanyoftheotherpartsofthe
steeringgear.


226

Fig.277RudderStockTillerandSteeringGear

227


Fig.278CastSteelRudderTrunk

228


Fig.279FoundationPlanforMainSteeringGearRamsandCylinders

229

Fig.280PlanViewofSteeringGearInstalledonSteeringGearFlat

230

Fig.281MainsteeringGearRamandTelemotor
16.inspectthepositionoftheraminthecylinders,andmakeanynecessaryadjustmentto
bringthepivotholeintheramtotheforeandaftcenterlineoftheship.
17.Weldangleclipsatconvenientplacestoclearthecornerchockpositionsatpointsshown
at"a",Fig.286.Completetheweldingofangleclipstobothmainramfoundations.
NOTE:Angleclipsareweldedtothefoundationsinthismannersothatheavyset
screwsmaybeusedthroughtheclipstoadjusttheunitforeandaft,portand
starboard.Theclipsmustbedrilledandtappedfor3/4"bolts.
18.Drillholesfor3/4"jackingscrewsthroughthebaseoftheunitasshowninFig.289at
"b"accordingtothedimensionsgiven.SeeFig.277.

19.Bymeansofthejackingscrewsthroughtheunitbaseandthesetscrewsthroughthe
angleclips,adjustthepositionofthemainramandcylinderuntiltheathwartshipcenterline
oftheramisatrightanglestotheverticalcenterlineoftherudderstockandatrightangles
totheforeandaftshipcenterline.SeeFig.277,90angles.(SeeFig.280).
NOTE:Figure290at"g""g"tillerjaws,showsadimension"n".Thedistance
fromthetopsideofthesetillerjawstothecenteristhesame.Thecenterofthe
steeringgearmaincylindermustbeatapoint1/4"belowthis

231

Fig.282FrontViewofSteeringGearLookingAft
center,whichisbetweenthetopandbottomofthetillerjaws.SeeFig.277at"g",Fig.282,
andFig.290at"g".
20.Beginattheinboard,forwardcornersoftheportfoundation("d",Fig.286,Chock#1),
andmeasureforchocksizes.Filloutachocksheetforeachchock.
NOTE:Thepositionofeachchockisnumbered1,2,3,4,etc.Numbereachchock
anditspositionwithwhitepaint.Markthepositionofthechockonthebaseofthe
unit.Chock#2isthenextonetoport.Followinthisdirection(toport),andgo
completelyaroundthefoundation'totheinboardandaftcorner.Goacrosstothe
Starboardandaftcornerofthestarboardfoundation,continuefromtheinboard,
aftercorner,andgocompletelyaroundthefoundationtotheinboard,forward
corners.SeeFig.286forlocationofthechocks.Thereisachockforeverybolt
hole.SeeFig.276.
21.Sendthechocksheetstotheshop,andorderthechocksmachinedaccordingto
dimensionsgivenonthesheets.
22.Whenthechocksarereturnedtothejob,beginfittingthecorrectchocksasfollows:

232


Fig.283HeleShawHandSteeringPump

233


Fig.284PlanandElevationofTelemotorCopperPiping
Seeexplanationofnumbersonpage245

234

Fig.285DifferentialFollowUpControl.

235

Fit#1chock1st.(SeeStep#5)
Fit#7chock2nd.
Fit#8chock3rd.
Fit#14chock4th.
(Thesechocksareontheportfoundation.)
Fit#15chock5th.
Fit#21chock6th.
Fit#22chock7th.
Fit#28chock8th.
(Thesechocksareonthestarboardfoundation.)

Fig.286PortFoundationforMainSteeringRam
NOTE:Cornerchocksarefittedfirstasoutlinedabovebecausetheywillthen
serveasareferencewhenfittingintermediatechocks.Example:whennumbers2,
3,4,5,and6,arebeingfittedthebaseoftheunitcouldeasilyheraisedandthejob

thrownoutofline.Aseachchockisfitted,thecornerchocksarecheckedwitha
thicknessgaugetomakesuretheyaretight.Thecornerchocksshouldbechecked
frequentlywhiletheotherintermediatechocksarebeingfitted.
23.Fittheintermediatechocks.

Fig.287CheckingFoundationTopwithaStraightedge

236

Fig.288JackingScrewsTackWeldedtoFoundationTop
24.Scribethroughtheholesintheunitbaseonalleightcorners,andmarkthepositionofthe
holeswhicharetobedrilledinthecornerchocks.
25.Removethecorner'chocks,andcenterpunch
markthecircumferenceofeachhole.Findthe
centeroftheholeswiththedividerscenterpunch
markthecentersandsendthechockstothe
machineshopfordrilling.Givethemachineshop
thesizeofholesrequired.
26.Whenthechocksarereturned,placethemin
positionanddrilltheholesthroughthefoundation,
usingtheholeintheunitbaseforaguide.SeeFig.
61.
BILLOFMATERIALS

Fig.289AdjustingScrewThroughBase

Apartialbillofmaterialswhichgoesintothefabricationandassemblyofasteeringengineis
givenbelow.Toidentifythetypeandgradeofmaterialcomparethekeynumberonthe
Figures284,297,299,withthebillofmaterials.
Forexample:Thenumber12inthecircleinFig.297isfoundinthecolumnattheleftinthe
billofmaterials.Readingacrossfrom

Fig.290TillerJawCenter1/4"AboveRamCenter

237

thenumber,wefind3/4"standard900Ell,brass.InthesmallcirclesonFig.297willbe
foundthenumber12.Eachnumber12ontheFiguremeansthatthematerialsgivenopposite
12inthebillofmaterialaretobeusedatthatpoint.
Followthissameprocedurewithalltheothernumbersinthecirclesinthesethreefigures.
InFig.277theletter"s"isfoundinoneofthecircles.Thismaterialis1"squarepacking.
NOTE:Whenbecauseoflimitedworkingspace
itisimpossibletodrillafullsizedholeinthe
foundation,theworkmanplacesabushingin
theholeintheunitbaseanddrillsapilothole
withasmalldrill.Itisthenpossibletoget
underthefoundationwithalargedrillanda
drillingmachineanddrilltheholetothefull
sizefrombelow.
27.Whenthecornerholesaredrilled,ream
themtosizeasshownontheblueprint.
Fig.291PumpandMotorUnitFoundation
28.Order28fittedboltstofitthereamedholes.
Givethemachineshopthesizesofthebolts.
29.Whenthefittedboltsareready,installthemonalleightcornersfirstanddrawupsnugly.
NOTE:Thecornerboltsarefittedfirsttopreventanypossiblemisalignmentofthe
unit.
30.Scribethroughtheunitbaseholes,andmarktheholelocationsonalltheintermediate
chocks.Locatethecentersasinstep10.
31.Sendthechockstothemachineshoptobedrilled.Givetheshopthesizeofthehole.
32.Whenthechocksarereturned,installtheminthecorrectlocationandreamasinstep12.

Fig.292TelemotorFoundation

238

33.Installtheremainderofthefittedbolts,andpullthemupsnugly.
34.Installportandstarboardmotorandpumpunits"k"(SeeFig.280,Fig.281,Fig282)
accordingtotheblueprint.
NOTE:Followupgear"L"mustbeinstalledandlinedupatthesametimethe
motorandpumpunitsareinstalled.Thisisdonetoinsurethecorrectalignmenton
allthreeunits.Theseunitsarelinedupwithjackingscrewsforheightandposition
aswasdonewhenliningupthemaincylinderandramunits.SeeFig.289.
35.Fit,thechocksandinstallthefittedboltsaswasdonewiththemaincylinderandram
units.SeeFig.291forlocationofboltholes.
INSTALLINGTHETELEMOTOR
Figure284at"p",showstwosmalllugsconnectedbyapin.Thepinmustheaslipfit
throughbothlugs,anditmustslideeasily.Theforwardlugisconnectedwiththefollowup
gearandtheafterlugispartofthetelemeterlegwhichisconnectedothetelemotor.
Thefoundationforthetelemotorisshownat"e",Fig.279.Thetelemotorisshownat"t",
Fig.277,andat"t",Fig.280.Thetelemotormustbeinstalledonthefoundationandaligned
withthefollowupgear.Figure285showsthefollowupgearandthepinat"c".SeeFig.292

forlocationofboltholesinthefoundation.

Fig.293TelemotorRackFoundation
PROCEED
36.Installthetelemeterrackandalignwiththefollowupgear.Seefig279at"d"for
location.
37.Chockthetelemotorandboltdown.SeeFig.293forlocationofboltholes.
35.Installthetelemeterandalignitwiththetelemeterrack.
39.Chockthetelemeterandboltdown.

239

NOTE:Checkfrequentlytoinsuretheslidingfitofpin"p".Figures277and284.
40.Installthefollowupgearuniversalcontrolrod"U",showninFigs.277and280.
NOTE:Figure292showstwochocksat"hh"whichdonothavebolts.These
chocksactasasupportunderthetelemotor,midwaybetweentheendchocks,and
aretackweldedasshownat"ww".Caremustbetakentohavethewelderstack
thesechockstothefoundation.
EMERGENCY,HANDSTEERINGMECHANISM
Figures277,280,and284showtheemergency,handsteeringcylinderandram.Figure279
"R"showsthefoundationfortheseparts.
41.Installtheemergency,handsteeringcylinderandramunits,andalignthecenterlineof
theunitinthesamemanneraswasdoneinstep4inaligningthemainramandcylinder.See
Fig.294forlocationofboltholes.
42.Chocktheunit,andboltdown.
BRAKELEVERUNIT
Instep7thebrakebandwasinstalledtobeconnected
tothebrakeleverlateron.Thebrakeleverunitis
nowtobeinstalled.Figure279at"f"showsthe
foundationforthebrakeleverunit.Figure280at"v"
showsthebrakebandconnectionwiththebrake
lever.Figure280alsoshowsthebrakelever
adjustingscrewat"w".Theadjustingscrewunit
mustbeinstalledatthesametimeasthebrakelever
inordertosecureacorrectalignment.Figure303
shows

Fig.294EmergencyHandSteering
CylinderandRamFoundation


Fig.295BrakeFoundation

240

thebrake,thebrakelever,andthebrakeadjustingscrewassembledonthefoundations,in
Figs.295and296.
INSTALLINGTHEBRAKELEVERANDSCREW
Thebrakeleverandthebrakeleveradjustingscrewunitsarenow
installedandalignedwiththebrakebandwhichwaspreviouslyplaced
inpositiononthebrakedrum.Thebrakeedgesmustlineupwiththe
flangesonthebrakedrumandnot"cross"theplaneofthebrakedrum
flanges.Whenthealignmentiscorrect,thebottomedgeofthebrake

shouldclearthebottomflangeoftheCrakedrumabout1/16ofaninch.
Fig.296
Thebaseofeachoftheseunitsisadjustedtothecorrectheightwith
ScrewFoundation
jackingscrews.Whenthealignmentiscorrect,thechocksarefitted,
drilled,reamed,andbolteddownaccordingtostandardprocedure.
HANDPUMPANDFILLINGTANK
Figure298showsahandpumpandafillingtankbothofwhicharepartsofthetelemotor
system.Theliquidforthehydraulicmechanismispouredintothetank,andthepumpisused
tocirculatetheliquidanddistributeitthroughoutthetelemotorlines.Thefoundationforthe
pumpistwo3"anglesweldedtothedeckafterthepumphasbeenboltedtotheangles.An
anglefoundationforthetankisweldedtothedeck,andthetankisstrappeddownsecurely.
HELESHAWHANDSTEERINGPUMP
Figure280at"y"showsahandsteeringpump
whichisusedforemergencysteeringwhenthe
electricpowerfailsonthemainunit.Turning
thehandwheeloperatesthepumpwhichinturn
operatestheemergencyrams"RR",Fig.280.
Theunitisboltedtothefoundation,without
chocks.Ashimmaybeusedtocompensate
unevennessinthefoundation.
Theholesinthefoundationarelocatedfromthe
baseoftheunitwhichisalreadydrilledwhen
received.SeeFig.297forthelocationsofthe
holesinthefoundation.Theunitislinedupwith
thebulkhead.

Fig.297HandSteeringPumpFoundation

STEERINGGEARCONTROL

Figure299showsthesteeringgearcontrolin
thewheelhouseandonthewheelhousetop.Figure300isacrosssectionviewofthebaseof
thesteeringgearcolumninthewheelhouse.Figure301isacrosssectionviewofthebaseof
thesteeringgearcolumnonthewheelhousetop.Bossesareweldedtothedeckasat"a".
Studsarescrewedintothe

241


Fig.298PlanandElevationofTelemotorSysteminSteeringGearRoom
SeeexplanationofnumbersonPage245

242


Fig.299ElevationofTelemotorPipingSystemConnectedwiththeWheelHouseControls
SeeexplanationofnumbersonPage245

243

bosses,andteakwoodblocksabout3"thickare
placedasshown.Theforwardtelemotorisinstalled
showninFig.300andbolteddown.Thesteering
columnshaftisconnectedtothetelemotorbymeans
ofaclutch.eithersteeringwheelcanbeusedto
operatethetelemotorandsocontrolthesteering
gear.Theforward,telemotorunitfillingtankis
installedasshownin299.
Theinstallationisnowreadyforpiping.The
coppersmithsconnectthepipingfromtheforward
telemotoronthebridgetotheaftertelemotor.The
coppersmithsalsoinstallthepipingbetweenthe
Fig.300TelemotorColumnBase filling,tankandthetelemotor.
intheWheelHouse
Theinstallationisnowreadyfortrialoperation.

Figure302ispartofasteamoperatedsteeringgear
showingtelemotortothrottlevalvecontroland
trickwheelcontrol.

Fig.301TelemotorColumnBase
ontheWheelHouseTop

Fig.302SteamOperatedSteeringGear

244


Fig.303BrakeLeverUnit
SeeexplanationofnumbersonPage245

245

EXPLANATIONOFNUMBERSONFIGURE284
No.
1 1"Fig.(600#)F.S.MaleEndSliponType2415855
2 17Fig.(600#)F.S.FemaleEndSliponType2145855
3 1"TubingSeamlessSteel
Ex.R.Y.IPS
4 1"WeldingTeeSeamlessSteel Ex.H.Y.PipeThkss.
5 1"ByPassValveF.S.
2119585
EXPLANATIONOFNUMBERSONFIGURES298and299
No.
6 Coupling
C.R.S.
7 TelemotorPipe
S.D.Copper
8 3/4"Std.Union
Brass
9 3/4"Std.Scr.GlobeValve Brass
10 3/4"Pipe
Brass
11 3/4"x3/4"x3/4"Std.Tee Brass
12 3/4"Std.90Ell
Brass
13 1/2"cock
Brass

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

1/2"Nipple
MaleConnector
UnionNut
5/8"O.D.Tubing
Bracket
Coupling
Shaft,17/16"diam.
UnionElbow
StuffingBox
FlatBar
Blocking

Brass
5/8"tubesize
5/8"tubesize
S.D.Copper
Comp."G"
Brass
Brass
5/8"tubesize
Complete
Steel
Teakwood

EXPLANATIONOFNUMBERSONFIGURE303
No.
26 BrakeLeverC.S.175958 51/1Annealed
27 Bracket
Steel
Complete
28 Bearing
C.I.
593092/3
29 Nut
Comp."G" 37383551
30 Spindle
F.St.
A.R.S.Grade42
31 BrakeBandEHD F.St.
A.B.S.Grade,42
32 BrakeBand
Steel
Flatbar7/8x13/4x14'0"long.
33 Bracket
St.Pl
5"x4"x1/2"each

246

InstallingAPropellerAndTailShaft
THEPROPELLER
Thepropeller,Fig.304,isusuallyabronzecastingweighingapproximatelyseventeentons.
Thepropellercastingisbalanced,andtheholeinthehubforthetailshaftisboredinthe
machineshop.Atemplateisusedwhenboringthepropeller,theuseofwhichshouldinsurea
perfectfitbetweenthetailshaftandthepropellerbore.

Fig.304TypicalBronzePropeller
THETAILSHAFTISPLACEDFIRST
Thetailshaft,Fig.305,isloweredintotheengineroombytheshipriggersandpassed
throughthesternuntilflushwiththeeye.Thepropellerhubandtailshaftmustbefreeofdirt
andgritwhenplacedtogether.


Fig.305TailShaftFittedwithBronzeSleeve

247

PLACINGTHEPROPELLERINPOSITION
Thepropellerisloweredintoplacebytheship
riggers.Padshavebeenweldedatsuitable
locationsontheshipshelltoportandtostarboard.
Asthecranemanlowersthepropellertoplace,
chairfalls,hungfromthepads,receiveitanditis
swungintoplaceaftofthesternframeeyeandin
linewiththetailshaft.Rollthetailshaftuntilthe
keyinthetaperisfairwiththekeywayinthehub.
SeeFig.306.Thetailshaftisnowpushedoutand
intotheholeinthepropellerhub.Thelocknutis
nextinstalledandrunontowithinthreeinchesof
theafterendofthehub.SeeFig.307.
FORCINGTHEPROPELLERONTHETAIL
SHAFT
The
approved
typesof
wedges

andboxes Fig.306KeyandKeywayAlignedtoFit.
arethen
installed
betweenthelocknutandpropellerhubforthe
purposeofforcingthepropellerontothetaperofthe
tailshaft.

Fig.307LockNutonTailShaft

Aturnofredleadisinsertedintothespace(about
3/4"deep)betweenthetailshaftshoulderandthe
eyediameter.SeeFig.307.
INSTALLING

APROPELLERANDTAILSHAFT
Thenutisthenrunupagainsttheafterendofthehub
bymeansofaheavy,specialspannerwrench.Aheavy
chainfallisanchoredtotheskegandhookedontothe
outerendofthespannerwrench.Withasteadystrain
onthechainfallandwithrepeatedblowsofa30lb.
sledgeontheouterendofthespanner,themachinist
snugshomethelocknutagainsttheafterendofthe
sternframeeye.Checkwiththeleaderforhisapproval.

248

SECURINGTHELOCKNUT
Thechainfall,spannerwrench,andotherequipmentare
nowremovedandreturnedtothetoolrooms.Aspecial
lockingdeviceisinstalledtopreventthepropellerlocknut
fromloosening.SeeFig.308.Aholejustlargeenoughto
takethepin"a"(Fig.308)isdrilledintotheafterendofthe
propellerhub.Theholeislocatedinaconvenientnotchin
thelocknut.SeeFig.309.Holesaredrilledandtappedin

Fig.308LockingDevice

thelocknuttofittheholesinthelockingdevice,Fig.309.
ThepinshowninFig.308isinsertedinthedrilledholein
thepropellerhub,andcapscrewsareusedtofastenthe
devicesecurelyinthelocknutnotch.

Fig.309TailShaftLockNut

Figs.310and311FairwaterInstalledOverPropellerLockNut
SEALINGTHELOCKNUT
Afairwaterisinstalledovertheafterendofthepropellerhubforthepurposeofsealingthe
locknutandprotectingitfromseawater.SeeFig.311.Afterthefairwaterisinstalled,itis
filledwithtallowthroughtheholeprovided(b),andapipeplugisscrewedinsecurely.See
Fig.311.Asimilarholeisprovidedinthepropellerhubthroughwhichtallowispouredto
sealthetailshaftagainstcorrosionshouldpossibleleaksoccur.SeeFig.310at"c".

249

Afterthefairwaterisboltedtothepropellerhub,thecounterbored,boltheadopenings,Fig.
311"d",aresealedoverwithcementwhichpreventsthelossoftheboltsandalsoprotects
theboltheadsfromcorrosionbysaltwater.
Thejobofinstallingthepropellerandtailshaftmaybeoutlinedasfollows:
PROCEDURE
1.Lowerthetailshaftintotheengineroom.
2.Passthetailshaftaftuntiltheouterendofthethreadedportionisflushwiththesterntube
locknut.
3.Lowerthepropellerintoplaceonchainfalls,fairwiththesterntubebore.
4.Rollthetailshaftuntilthekeyinthetaperisfairwiththekeywayinthepropeller.
5.Pushthetailshaftthroughthesterntube,andengagethetaperedboreinthepropellerhub.
6.Installthelocknut,andrunitontowithin3"oftheafterendofthehub.
7.Drawthepropellerhubontothetailshafttaperbymeansofwedgesandboxes.
8.Insertaturnofredleadbetweenthetailshaftshoulderandafterfaceofthepropeller.
9.Turnthenuthomebyusingthespecialspannerwrench,chainfall,and301b.sledge.
10.Removethechainfallsandotherequipment,andreturnthemtothetoolroom.

11.Installthelocknutandlockkey.
12.Installthefairwater.
13.Fillthefairwaterrecessandthepropellerhubrecesswithtallow.Insertpipeplugsand
maketight.
14.Cementfairwaterboltheadopenings.

250

LaunchingaTanker
GENERALINFORMATION
Theoutsidemachinisthasseveralimportantjobstoperformbeforeashipcanbelaunched.
Dockingplugsmustbescrewedinplacetheship'sruddermustbesecurelylockedina
central,foreandaftpositionandthepropellermustbefirmlyheldsothatitcannotturnwhen
theshipslidesintothewater.Inthebottomofatankertherearefortysevendockingplugs.
SeeFig.312.
Metalflangesarethreadedtofittheplugsshownin
Fig.312.Theflangesareweldedinopeningsinthe
ship'sbottom.
PURPOSEOFDOCKINGPLUGS
Theopeningsarelocatedinthebottomsothat
everytankintheshipmaybedrainedthroughthem.
Adockingplugisscrewedintothethreadedholein
theflangebeforetheshipislaunched.
Whiletheshipisonthewaysandbeforethe
dockingplugsareafinallyscrewedinplace,lengths
ofpipeequippedwithvalves,aretemporarily
screwedinplaceandthevalvesareclosed.The
tanksarefilledwithwatertotestthemforleaks.
Whenthetankshavebeentestedandapprovedthe
valvesinthepipelengthsareopenedandthewater
isdrained.ThedockingPlugisthenscrewedin
placebymeansofawrenchwhichfitsthesquare
holeintheplug.SeeFig.312.Whenashipis
placedindrydockthedockingplugsareremovedto
allowallthewaterorotherliquidinthetanksand
bilgetodrain.Oiltankersarewashedoutwithlive
steamandtheaccumulationofwaterandoilis
drainedoutthroughthedockingplugopenings.

Fig.312DockingPlugAssembly

LOCKINGTHERUDDER
Whentheshipslidesdowntheways,SeeFig.313,thereareseveralthousandtonsof,dead
weighttocontrolaftertheshipisinthewater.Theruddermustbesecurelylockedsothatit
cannotbeslammedaroundbythewaterpressureastheshipleavestheways.Therearetwo
waysbymeansofwhichthisisaccomplished:

251

1.SECURINGRUDDERWHENTHERUDDERSTOCKISINSTALLED
Theriggersinstallcablesatthesternoftheship.Thecablesarefastenedfromtherudder,
portandstarboard,topadswhichareweldedtotheshipshell,portandstarboard.Thecables
aredrawnuptautandmadefast.


Fig.313TheShipSlidingDowntheWays
Ontheinsideoftheship,Fig.314,chainfallsarefastenedtothetillerjawsonechainfallto
portandonechainfalltostarboard.Theotherendofeachchainfallisfastenedtotheship's
frame,portandstarboard.Thebracestakethestrainasthepullofthechainfallsisexertedon
thetillerjaws.Withthebracesinplacethechainfallsarepulleduptightandlocked,thus
addingextraforceinsidetheshiptoassisttheforceofthecablesinstalledoutsideoftheship
bytheriggers.

252

2.SECURINGRUDDERWHENTHERUDDER
STOCKISNOTINSTALLED
Rudderstopsareprovidedatthesterntopreventthe
rudderfromswingingmorethan371/2degreesto
eitherportorstarboard.SeeFig.315.
Whentherudderisinacentralforeandaftposition
thereisaspaceabout7incheswidebetweenthe
rudderstopsandtherudderbumpers.Theriggers
installcablesatthesternoftheshipasbefore.With
therudderheldexactlyforeandaft,R"to1"thick
platesabout7"widearetemporarilyweldedinthe
spaceleftbetweentherudderstopsandtherudder
bumpers.SeeFig.315.Whichevermethodisused,
theworkissupervisedandCheckedbytheoutside
machinist.

Fig.314ChainFallsAttached
TillerJaws

HOLDINGTHEPROPELLERSTATIONARY
Therushofwateragainstthepropellerasthe
shipslidesdownthewaysissufficienttostart
thepropellerrevolving.Thismustneverbe
allowedtohappen.Meansmustbeprovidedto
holdthepropellershaftandthusholdthe
propeller.Fig.316showsapairofheavybarsof
steelwhichfitaroundthecouplingflangesof
thelineshaftintheshaftalley.Itwillbenoted
thatthesemicircularcutoutinthecenterof
eachbarisforthepurposeofallowingthebars
toreacharoundthelineshaftfarenoughforthe
boltsinthecouplingflangestopassthroughthe
bars.


Fig.315SteelPlatesareWeldedto
RudderandRudderStops

253

Fig.316HeavyBarsandStrutstoKeeptheLineShaftFromTurning
Afterthebarsareboltedinplacethelowerendsofthebarsaretemporarilyweldedtothe
deckandtheupperendsarebracedbystrutsweldedtotheportandstarboardsidesofthe
shipshell.
Whentheshipisaboutreadyforlaunchingthedockingplugsareallscrewedinand
inspectedunderthesupervisionoftheoutsidemachinist.Leavingaplugoutorneglectingto
screwapluginwouldbeequivalenttodrillingholesintheship'sbottom.Everydockingplug
mustbesnuggedhomesecurelytopreventanypossibleleakage.
QUESTIONS
1.Whatisthepurposeofadockingplug?
2.Howisadockingplugflangeinstalledinaship?
3.Wherearedockingplugslocated?
4.Whyaredockingplugsinspectedcarefullybeforetheshipislaunched?
5.Whymusttheship'srudderbesecurelyblockedinplacebeforetheshipislaunched?
6.Describetheblockingoperationasitiscarriedthroughwhentherudderisinstalled.

7.Describetheblockingoperationasitiscarriedthroughwhentherudderstockisnot
installed.
8.Whymusttheship'spropellerbepreventedfromturningwhentheshipislaunched?
9.Describethemethodemployedtolockthepropellerinpositionwhiletheshipisbeing
launched.
10.Makealistoftheaccidentsandhappeningsthatmighttakeplaceifanyofthedutiesof
theoutsidemachinist,asoutlinedinthislesson,wereleftundone.

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