DIRECTIONAL, PRESSURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVES

DIRECTION CONTROL

DISCRETE DCV

FLOW CONTROL

PRESSURE CONTROL
PRESSURE
RELIEF
(VL)

RESTRICTOR (ST)

TWO-PORT FLOW CONTROL (RQ2)

CONTINUOUS
(PROPORTIONAL)
DCV

NON-RETURN VALVE (NR)

PRESSURE
REDUCING
(VR)

SEQUENCE
(VS)

THREE-PORT FLOW CONTROL (RQ3)

PILOT OPERATED
NON-RETURN VALVE
(NRP)
COUNTERBALANCE
(VCB)

UNLOADING
VALVE (VU)

OVERCENTRE
(OVC)

FLOW DIVIDER/COMBINER (DIVF)

File name
grc_eng

Date
07 Feb 2013

SINGLE STAGE (DIRECT) PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

p

POPPET EQUILIBRIUM (steady-state regulating condition)

FLOW EQUATION

T
FLOW-PRESSURE CHARACTERISTIC
(flow throttled to tank as function of upstream pressure)

ideal
Qmax
saturation
k
regulating condition
(non linear behaviour)

p* p'

IN REGULATING CONDITION THE VALVE HOLDS THE

UPSTREAM PRESSURE IN THE RANGE p*-p' FUNCTION
OF THE SPRING STIFFNESS
IN SATURATION CONDITION
THE VALVE IS EQUIVALENT
TO A FIXED RESTRICTOR
File name
limpdir_eng

Date
04 Jan 2013

VELOCITY FIELD

File name
VL_Ag_1.4mm_velfield

Date
09 Jan 2014

AMESim SIMULATION OF A SINGLE STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

AMESim model

STEADY-STATE FLOW-PRESSURE CHARACTERISTIC

metering edge
P
St 1

x
s

max

F0 ,k
flow
area

saturation

s0

St 2
s0

F0 = 367 N
k = 20, 50, 80 N/mm
D = 10 mm
s0 = 0.5 mm
Ce = 0.7
rho = 850 kg/m3

s max

File name
vlimame_eng

Date
07 Jan 2013

spool
displacement

THE FLOW FORCE

IN

OUT

flow force due to the change of

fluid momentum within the valve

v = fluid velocity
x = spool position (x=0, valve closed)

The flow force tends always to close the valve

IN

OUT

If the pressure drop is constant, then the flow force

is proportional to the flow area

File name
distpress_FL

Date
13 Jan 2014

DYNAMIC STUDY - REMARKS ON THE DYNAMIC RESTRICTOR

P

single stage
pressure relief valve

X
F0 ,k

St

Y
note: in steady-state conditions

Dynamic restrictor (laminar)

P
px

A
SECT. A-A
File name
vlim2_eng

Date
15 Jan 2014

"DIRECT" VS "REMOTE" PILOT IN A PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

remote pilot

direct pilot

p
1

p
x

p
1 +
Q

p
2

VL

p
Q
0 +
p

Q
1 +
p

Se

VL

Q
0 +
p

p < p*
x

VALVE IN REGULATING CONDITION:

movable element in equilibrium
pressure drop across the metering edge

VL regulating

Se

p
1

p*
VL closed

p = p*
x

Q
0 +
p

p
2
p*

VL open

VALVE (FULLY) OPEN:

movable element at full stroke (contact against
the end-stop)

negligible (ideally null) pressure drop across the

meeting edge due to the very large flow area

Q
0 +
p

p > p*
x

direct pilot in
regulating condition

regulating
condition

p*

F
m

closing force

pA

e
op

nin

orc
gf

remote pilot,
fully open
p*

T
File name

p*

Se

VL

fplim_eng

Date
22 Feb 2013

DUAL STAGE (PILOT) PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

forces on the main stage of the
piloted (dual stage) relief valve
px

p*

opening force

S
fm

VLP

closing
force
effective
regulated
pressure

FORCES ON THE MAIN STAGE

pilot stage setting

if the pilot stage is shut (p x = p < p*):

closing: pA + f m

opening: pA

p*

fm

the main stage is shut

if the pilot stage regulates (p x= p*)
closing: p*A + f m

Qpil = pilot flow rate

opening: pA

if p = p* + fm /A , the main stage regulates

File name
VLpilot_eng

Date
19 Jan 2014

DUAL STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (Denison R4V)

X
Y

File name

r4v03_eng

Date
11 Jan 2013

SIMULATION OF A DUAL STAGE RELIEF VALVE

p* = 45 bar
S2

S1

S1
S2

p*

fm

File name
simVL1

Date
27 Mar 2014

PUMP FLOW RATE = 150 L/min

D spool = 10 mm
fm = 30 N
diameter S1 = 1 mm

SIMULATION OF A DUAL STAGE RELIEF VALVE

FORCES ON THE MAIN STAGE

p* pilot stage

Fm / A = 3.8 bar

p* pilot stage

effective p* = 51.5 bar

max pressure = 52.4 bar

File name
simVL2

Date
27 Mar 2014

effective p*

WHAT HAPPENS IF THE DIAMETER OF THE FUNCTIONAL RESTRICTOR IS INCREASED?

THE PILOT STAGE SATURATES

THE PRESSURE DROP IS ALWAYS < Fm / A = 3.8 bar

THE VALVE IS NOT ABLE TO

LIMIT THE PRESSURE

THE CLOSING FORCE ON THE MAIN STAGE IS

ALWAYS > OPENING FORCE

File name
simVL3

Date
27 Mar 2014

VALVE VENTING

VENT VALVE

forces on the main stage

of the piloted relief valve
opening force

X
px

closing force
(vent valve ON)

p*

closing force
(vent valve OFF)

regulated pressure
(vent valve OFF)

fm

fm
T

regulated pressure
(vent valve ON)

VLP
fm

p*

VENT VALVE OFF

the pressure on
port P is limited to:

px

VENT VALVE ON
px = 0, the circuit
upstream the relief
valve is depressurized:

X
Y

File name
VLvent_eng

Date
07 Jan 2013

DUAL STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE WITH VENT VALVE (vv01)

pilot stage

VV01

vent valve

mail stage

Y
File name
r4v03_vent_nn

Date
11 Jan 2011

SINGLE VS. DUAL STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

P

x = initial compression of the spring

p*

A depends on the size of the valve (maximum flow)

x must be limited to avoid excessive spring lengths
--> high p* values require springs with high stiffness k
--> the valve becomes "less ideal", above all if high
openings are required (high flow rates)

P
St

p*pil

low stiffness
spring
(preload f m )

IN THE PILOT STAGE:

the surface of influence is small,
the spring stiffness is high, but the
stroke of the poppet is very small
--> negligible variation of p*pil
IN THE MAIN STAGE:
the stroke of the poppet can be high,
but the stiffness of the spring is low
--> negligible variation of f m

File name

SUITABLE FOR HIGH FLOW RATES

singlevsdualRV_eng

Date
05 Feb 2014

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE VS. PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE

SINGLE STAGE
P
g

s max

p*

g
A

s0
P
g

DOUBLE STAGE

St
p

St

p*
p

File name
limrid_eng

Date
07 Jan 2013

PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE - CARTRIDGE TYPE (Sun Hydraulics)

SLEEVE

A
SPOOL

T
PRESSURE REDUCING
WORKING POSITION

DYNAMIC RESTRICTOR

ANTISHOCK
WORKING POSITION

METERING EDGES

NOMINAL FLOW RATE: 40l/min

MAXIMUM LINE PRESSURE: 350 bar
File name
rid_p_dir2_eng

Date
18 Nov 2013

APPLICATION OF PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

TO PROVIDE AN ADJUSTABLE REGULATED PRESSURE WHICH IS LOWER THAN SUPPLY PRESSURE

U1

p*VR1

U2

U3

p*VR2

p*VR3

p*VL

File name
VRappl_eng

Date
08 Feb 2013

DOUBLE STAGE PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE

p1
forces on the main stage of the
piloted (dual stage) reducing valve

fm

px
St

F
p*

closing force

p2
FORCES ON THE MAIN STAGE

opening
force

if the pilot stage is shut (p x = p 2 < p*):

closing: p 2 A

effective
regulated
pressure

opening: p 2 A + f m

the main stage is fully open (saturation)

pilot stage setting

p1 = p 2
fm

p*

if the pilot stage regulates (p x= p*)

closing: p 2 A

opening: p* A + f m

In regulating conditions the valve

reduces the pressure at the inlet (port 1)
to a constant reduced pressure at port 2

if p 2 = p* + fm /A , the main stage regulates

File name

p1 > p 2

vridpil_eng

Date
07 Jan 2013

p2

STEADY-STATE CHARACTERISTIC OF PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

REDUCED PRESSURE AS FUNCTION OF THE UPSTREAM PRESSURE

Q = constant

p1

p2
p*

II)

in regulating conditions p 2 = p*

in

p2

in saturation A is constant and p 2 is variable

p*
A

increasing

ax

I) A = A max

II

III

p1

III) A = A min

File name
VRcharpp1_eng

Date
06 Feb 2014

STEADY-STATE CHARACTERISTIC OF PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

REDUCED PRESSURE AS FUNCTION OF THE FLOW RATE

p1

p 1 = constant

p2
p*

p2
II)

in regulating conditions p 2 = p*
p 1 - p 2 = constant

p1

Q is proportional to A

in saturation A is constant and p 2 is variable

p*

I) A = A min
increasing

A
m
ax

A min

constant

II

III

III) A = A max

File name
VRcharpQ_eng

Date
06 Feb 2014

REAL CHARACTERISTIC OF A PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE

REGULATED PRESSURE AS FUNCTION OF FLOW RATE AT CONSTANT UPSTREAM PRESSURE
A min

A
x

A max
p at port A

x = spool displacement (x = 0 at rest)

p*

increment of spring force

flow rate

increment of flow force

constant pressure drop --> flow force porportional to flow area A

File name
VridFC

Date
15 Jan 2014

REMARKS ON PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

Q +

Q
+
p

+
M

Q +

Q
+
p

p
2 +
Q

--> the flow rate is decided by the load

VR

VL

+
M

p
1 +
Q

VR regulating:
- the pressure 2 is imposed by VR
- the pressure 1 must be ingoing --> VL must regulate

Q
1 +
p

VR

VL

Q
2 +
p

VL shut:
- in the junction the pressure is imposed at the port 1
- the pressure at port 2 is imposed by the load
--> VR in saturation
--> the flow rate is decided by the pump

possible configurations of a two-port valve

G
U
p*VL

p*VR

File name
remVrid

Date
31 Mar 2014

SINGLE STAGE SEQUENCE VALVE (Fluid Controls 1sd12)

A

Y
NOTICE THE
EXTERNAL DRAIN !!!

P--> A
the user at port A is fed only when the pressure at
port P achieves the cracking pressure p*

A --> P
free flow

File name
sfc1sd12-eng

Date
12 Jan 2015

DUAL STAGE SEQUENCE VALVE (Denison R4S)

Pz

px
X

Fm

pZ

Px

fm

A
S

A (IN)

B (OUT)

File name
r4s03_eng

Date
19 Apr 2013

APPLICATION OF A SEQUENCE VALVE

SEQUENCED SERIES OF OPERATIONS IN A CLAMP AND DRILL CIRCUIT

Y
px
A

pp

Fm

pz

p*VL

sequence valve
set pressure

pilot stage
set pressure

fm
A

B
U2 (DRILL)

S
VS

U1 (CLAMP)

1.
2.
3.
4.

The pump feeds U1 until pu1 < p*pil ; VS shut, pp = pu1

U1 stops, pp and pu1 increase up to p*pil ;
The pilot stage regulates --> pz = p*pil and px > pz
--> control piston in contact against conical poppet
pp reaches p*VS --> the pump feeds U2

TO OBTAIN THE SEQUENCE: pu1 < p*vs < p*VL

File name
Vseq_function1_eng

Date
11 Jan 2013

APPLICATION OF A SEQUENCE VALVE (2)

if pu2 remains < p*vs
Y

px

U1

pp = pu1 = p*vs
main stage and pilot stage regulate
control flow through pilot stage

Fm

pz

U2
fm

pp

GA (p*)

VS

if pu2 > p*vs

Y
px

U1

a
Fm

pz

U2
fm

pp
GA (p*)

pA, px, pz increase

pz > p*pil --> pilot stage fully opens
control piston stops flow through pilot stage
pz = 0 --> main stage opens --> pp = pu1 = pu2

S
VS

VS remains open until pu2 > Fm/A (< p*pil)

--> hysteresis to avoid instability
pp = max (p*vs, pu2)
--> clamping force always guaranteed
File name
vseq_function1_eng

Date
11 Jan 2013

TWO-PORT FLOW CONTROL VALVES (RQ2)

p
1

SM

SVP

SM
0

p
2

SM

SVP
fm

SVP

fm

SVP

D
p
2

s
0
A

SM
p

p
3

IN REGULATING CONDITIONS
SVP MAINTAINS A CONSTANT
PRESSURE DROP ACROSS SM

IF SVP IS REGULATING THEN p 1 > p 2 > p 3

(variable pressure drop across SVP)
notice that SVP "normally open"
does not mean that it is always open !!!

SM = metering restrictor
SVP = piloted variable restrictor
File name
reg_q2_eng

Date
04 Feb 2014

FLOW RATE CONTROL: simple restrictor vs. RQ2

with simple restrictor

F

THE FLOW RATE DEPENDS ON THE LOAD

with RQ2

SM

p*RQ2

Dp

A SM

QL
Qp

Q dis

Dp

px

Dp ov

A res

THE FLOW RATE DOES NOT

DEPEND ON THE LOAD
Q dis = Q p - Q L

p*

IN BOTH CASES THE PRESSURE

RELIEF VALVE MUST REGULATE
TO DISCHARGE THE EXCESS FLOW
---> THE DELIVERY PRESSURE IS p*
File name
basic_RQ2_eng

Date
02 Apr 2014

STEADY-STATE CHARACTERISTIC OF TWO PORTS FLOW CONTROL VALVES

II) p SM = p*
Flow area A SM = constant

SVP

= variable

p*

p SM p SVP

constant

A SVP decreasing

A SVP

min

SV
P

ma
x

p OV

if p OV

III

II

p OV

SM

SVP

SVP

III) A

= max

Smin

Smin = equivalent restrictor SM + SPV(min) in series

Smax = equivalent restrictor SM + SPV(max) in series

SVP

In saturation Q is variable with p OV

I)

Smax

then A

File name
RQ2char

Date
25 Jan 2013

SVP

= min

REAL STEADY-STATE CHARACTERISTIC OF FLOW CONTROL VALVE RQ2

x = SVP displacement
(x=0 when Asvp is maximum)
v = fluid velocity

F < 0

high flow force

flow rate

ASM

SM

SVP
3

x, v

p OV
with Q constant

F > 0

if ASVP decreases

increment of spring
compression

v increases
--> increment of
flow force

low flow force

ASVP decreasing
x, v increasing

ASVP min

ASVP max
overall pressure drop

F = force due to non-ideal behaviour

File name
carrq2_eng

Date
09 Apr 2015

THREE-PORT FLOW CONTROL VALVES (RQ3)

F

SM

Q1

A
1
Q
3

p
2

Q2

SM

VLD
VLD

fm

Q dis = Q p - Q L
s

Qp
Qp

s0

IN REGULATING CONDITIONS
VLD MAINTAINS A CONSTANT
PRESSURE DROP ACROSS SM

p*

THE EXCESS FLOW IS DISCHARGED BY RQ3

the pump delivery pressure is

SM = metering restrictor
VLD = differential pressure relief valve

File name
reg_q3_eng

Date
04 Feb 2014

THREE PORTS FLOW CONTROL VALVE WITH

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE ON THE USER LINE
A

p
2

Q1
p
1

Q2

Q3

0
p
3

SM

VL

SF

SM
VL

p*

VL

VLD

VLD

px

p*

RQ3

x
p
0

VL is shut:

VL regulates:

File name
rq3pil_eng

Date
25 Jan 2013

THREE-PORT FLOW CONTROL VALVE (OLEOSTAR VPR)

A

SM

SECT A-A

VLD

SM

P
SF

VL

SECT. B-B

VLD

T
VL

File name
rq3_oleostar_eng

Date
05 Feb 2014

Q1

A0

Q3

p
g

SM

Q2

THE ISSUE:

DECIDE THE FLOW RATE Q3

USE OF A THREE PORTS FLOW CONTROL VALVE

VLD
INLET FLOW RATE TO THE VALVE

CONTROLLED FLOW RATE DECIDED BY "SM"

EXCESS FLOW THROTTLED TO TANK

s
s0
p

A WRONG LAYOUT!!!
Q1

A0

p
1

Q3

g
0

SM

p
2

g
2

Q2

CONTROLLED FLOW RATE: Q1 = Q2+Q3

Q1 DECIDED BY SM!!

AS A CONSEQUENCE EFFECTS UPSTREAM

SM CONTROLS Q2+Q3 AND NOT Q3 AS REQUIRED

VLD

File name

s
s0

rq3compare_eng

Date
22 Feb 2010

CARTRIDGE VALVES (SLIP-IN)

CARTRIDGE VALVES
MOUNTED IN A MANIFOLD
X

COVER

S'

fm
B

A
S
s = S'-S

POPPET

SLEEVE

MANIFOLD

File name

cartridge0

Date
26 Jan 2015

CARTDRIGE VALVES - BASIC GRAPHIC SYMBOLS

Poppets with different area ratios
Installation room
for cartridge valve,
poppet design

AA/AX 0,5

1 > AA/AX 0,5

AX

AX
Ports are located at the bottom and at the sides of the symbol

AA/AX = 1

X
B

B
B

AA

Active poppets

AA

A
A

Installation room
for cartridge valve,
active poppet insert

A two port cartridge valve symbol consists of two elements:

the control cover and the cartridge. They can include further
basic elements or symbols

area for pilot

pressure
Spool

cover
Installation room
for cartridge valve,
spool design

Z1

Z2

control cover without ports

control cover with pilot port

Orifice (restrictor)

Replaceable restrictor

cartridge

X
A

control cover with pilot port, with adjustable

stroke limiter and remote control port

Spring for inserts

File name
X

norrmcartridge1

Date
X

09 Apr 2015

CARTDRIGE VALVES - EXAMPLES

Piloted check valve
D2/2

Two-stage directional control valve

D4/2

"External connections
shall be drawn on the sides"

fm

X
S+s

p
opening: p AS + p Bs
closing: p Z (S + s) + f m

S+s

1) No pilot signal x --> D2/2 in position 0 --> p Z = p A

Poppet equilibrium: p Bs = p As + f m
--> the flow is possible only from B to A (pB > pA )
2) D2/2 in position 1 --> pZ = pB
Poppet equilibrium: p AS = p BS + f m

p
opening: p AS + p Bs
closing: p X (S + s) + f m

1) D4/2 in position 0 --> px = p A

Poppet equilibrium: p Bs = p As + f m
If p B < p

the poppet remains closed

2) If D4/2 in position 1 --> p x = 0

--> closing force is only f m (negligible) --> valve opens
File name
ExamplesCartridgeFlow

--> the flow is possible only from A to B (p A> pB )

S
A

fm

Date
09 Apr 2015

CARTDRIGE VALVES - EXAMPLES

Two-stage pressure relief valve

Two-stage pressure reducing valve

p*

px
fm

p*

px
fm

Fa: opening force

Fc: closing force

Fa: opening force

Fc: closing force

The main stage is normally closed.

1) If p < p* then:
p
p x = p p and the valve remains closed.
2) If p p = p* then the pilot stage starts regulating
and keeps the pressure p x constant and equal to p*:
The main stage starts regulating when
the pressure in P is equal to:

The main stage is normally open, the flow is from B to A.

1) If p A < p* then p A= p B and the main stage remains fully open.
2) If p A = p* then the pilot stage starts regulating and
keeps the pressure p x constant and equal to p*:

The main stage starts regulating when:

File name
ExamplesCartridgePress

Date
01 Apr 2014

DUAL STAGE CHECK VALVE (PILOT OPEN)

CARTRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
MANIFOLD

SAME SURFACES !!

CARTRIDGE

BALL POPPET

X
PILOT
PISTON

File name
4k70_3d_views_eng

Date
25 Jan 2013

DUAL STAGE CHECK VALVE (PILOT OPEN)

free flow only possible from A to B

B
B

reverse flow allowed from B to A

File name
4k70_eng

Date
25 Jan 2013

PILOT OPERATED NON RETURN VALVE (Denison C4V)

Y
free-flow: A to B;
X absent: no flow from B to A
X present: reverse flow from B
to A possible.

2
1

z
Y

1+2

S+s

B
s

1: spool with
frontal milling

2: conical poppet
with flat planes

File name
c4v03_nrp

Date
08 Apr 2013

SINGLE STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (ATOS ARE-15)

CLEARANCE
(DYNAMIC RESTRICTOR)

File name
VLdiretta_atos_eng

Date
07 Jan 2013

FLOW FORCE COMPENSATION

pressure
opening
force

velocity

File name
flowATOSdir

Date
12 Jan 2015

DUAL STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (ATOS AGAM10)

PILOT STAGE
NEEDLE
POPPET

DYNAMIC RESTRICTOR

MAIN STAGE
POPPET

PILOT LINE

FUNCTIONAL RESTRICTOR

File name
vlimp_pil_agam10_eng

Date
10 Jan 2013

DUAL STAGE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (FLUID CONTROL 1A30)

SPOOL TYPE - CARTRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

S2
p*
S1
fm

FUNCTIONAL
RESTRICTOR S1
DYNAMIC RESTRICTOR S2

SPOOL (MAIN STAGE)

BALL POPPET (PILOT STAGE)

INTERNAL DRAIN

File name
fc1a30_eng

Date
22 Mar 2013

PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (Denison R4VP)

electric stage

solenoid

LVDT

mechanical stage

File name
limpprop_eng

Date
24 Oct 2013

DUAL STAGE PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE (ATOS AGIR10)

A
S1
pA

pX

fm1

S2
p*

f m2
Y
B
B: feed pressure
A: reduced pressure

File name
agir10-ridp_pil_eng

Date
10 Jan 2013

DUAL STAGE PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE (Denison R4R)

p*
px
Y

fm

Y
A

File name
r4r06_eng

Date
10 Jan 2013

AIM OF THE RQ2 UPSTREAM THE PILOT STAGE

AMESim simulations:
valve pressure setting: 150 bar
SM and St diameters: 1 mm
inlet pressure: from 0 to 300 bar

p*
px

SM

fm

layout without RQ2

p*
px

St

fm
File name
R4R_Rq2

Date
10 Jan 2013

OPTIONAL VENT VALVE

Y
VENT STAGE
AT REST:
the valve
allows the flow
P --> A

VENT
stage
P

VENT STAGE
ACTUATED:
the valve
remains shut

File name
vrid_vent

Date
26 Jan 2015

TWO PORTS FLOW CONTROL VALVE (ATOS QV06)

controlled flow from A to B; reverse flow (B to A) allowed through NR

knob to set the

SM flow area

SM
SM
NR

SVP

SM

B
SVP

File name
AtosRQ2_qv06_eng

Date
NR

25 Jan 2013

TWO PORTS FLOW CONTROL VALVE

SM

B
SVP
NR

SM

A
NR

PRESSURE OF PORT A
ACTIVE IN CLOSING THE
SVP

SVP

B
SM DOWNSTREAM
PRESSURE ACTIVE IN
OPENING THE SVP

File name
rq2_sez_fr_dx_eng

Date
25 Jan 2013

ATOS QV06 (RQ2): FLOW FIELD AT MAX FLOW RATE AND PRESSURE

FLOW CONTROL RANGE: 1.5 -11 L/min

MAX PRESSURE 250 bar ; p (SM) = 5 bar

File name
QV06_RQ2_flow_eng

Date
25 Jan 2013

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED RQ2 (Denison 2F1C)

SVP
IN

NR
SVP

SM

OUT

SM
TEMPERATURE
SENSITIVE
ADJUSTABLE
ENDSTOP

the density is function of the oil temperature

to improve the valve precision, the SM flow area must be
reduced as the temperature increases
File name
RQ2_Denison1

Date
11 Feb 2014

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED RQ2 - CROSS SECTIONS

IN
SVP

OUT

ADJUSTABLE
ENDSTOP

ADJUSTABLE
DYNAMIC
RESTRICTOR

SM

CHAMBER CONNECTED TO OUTLET

THROUGH ADJUSTABLE RESTRICTOR

File name
RQ2_Denison2

Date
05 Feb 2014

NR

THREE-PORT FLOW CONTROL VALVE (Fluid Controls 2F94)

REG

IN

SM
VLD

IN

REG

File name
rq3_2f94

Date
13 Nov 2013

VELOCITY FIELD
REG

IN

SM
IN
VLD

REG

File name
rq3_2f94_fluid controls

Date
24 Nov 2011

THREE-PORT FLOW CONTROL VALVE (ATOS QV-10)

SM

VLD

SM

SM

VLD
P
to VLD

not used

T
File name
Atos_rq3_eng

Date
12 Nov 2013