CLASSES

ENTRANCEEXAMS

RESOURCES

HCVERMASOLUTIONS

GOTAQUESTION?ASKUSHERE!

Class11ChemistryNotesGOCPermanent
effect(InductiveEffect)
September 30, 2012 by Anand Meena Leave a Comment

MustwatchVideos
BestofYouTubeeveryday.Subscribeforthebestandlatest.

Inductive effect:
Inductive effect is an effect in which permanent polarization arises due to partial isplacement of sigma ealong carbon chain or partial displacement of sigma-bonded electron toward more electronegative atom in
carbon chain i.e.

Magnitude of partial positive charge:

Inductive effect is a permanent effect

-I Effect:

X more electronegative 7
(-I effect of X)
+I Effect:

Y less electronegative
(+I effect of Y)
After Carbon number 3, Inductive Effect Disappears.
Decreasing order of I effect

Decreasing order of +I effect

Note: Between OH, -OR (-I)

HOME

CBSE

ICSE/ISC

STATEBOARDS

NCERT

{C is more electronegative than H. Hence attracts e- from O slightly}

MOCKTESTS

STUDYMATERIAL

(Its tendency to attract electron increases)

Due to the same reason

TALENTSEARCHEXAMS&OLYMPIADS

It is a permanent effect
It is caused due to electronegative difference.
It operates via bonded electron.
It is distance dependent effect.
As distance increases, its effect decreases.
It can be neglected after third carbon.
It is a destabilizing effect.
It is divided into 2 parts. (On the basis of electronegativity w.r.t. hydrogen atom)
1. +I effect
2. I effect
If any atom or group having electronegativity greater than that of hydrogen.than it is considered as I
effect and vice-versa.

+I effect

-I effect

Electron releasing group

Electron accepting group

EN less than H

EN greater than H

Those group which are

those group showing I effect

Showing +I effect, disperses

disperses positive charge on the C-chain

Partial negative charge on the C-chain

Eg. CH3 CH2 Cl(- I of Cl)

Eg. CH3 CH2 = CH2 (- I of CH2 and + I of CH3)
Eg. CH3 CH2 C CH (- I of C CH and + I of CH2 CH3)
Eg. I Cl
+II

Order of I effect showing group:

(- I order) OH < OR
C CH > CH = CH2
Order of +I effect showing group

Bond Strength: CT3> CD3> CH3

(+ I of T > D > H)

Important Question Answers

Q. Why carbon hydrogen bond is longer than C T bond
Ans. As the mass increases, vibration decreases as a result of which the heavier isotope will be closer to
the
C-atom for a longer time. There for C T bond is stronger C T > C D > C H
This implies that C H bond has longest bond length.
Application of Inductive Effect
To compare the stability of intermediates.
Intermediates
These are real reparable species having measurable stability formed during conversion of reactant to
product. (After bond cleavage and before bond formation).
6 types of intermediates:
(i) Free radical

(ii) Carbocation

(iii) Carbanion

(iv) Carbene

(v) Nitrene

(vi) Benzyne

They are formed by homolytical and heterolytical cleavage.

Click Here for Previous Topic

Click Here for Next Topic

Click Here for Class XI Classes Chemistry All Topics Notes

If you have any query regarding this topic please post your queries HERE

Filed Under: 11th Class, Class Notes

Tagged With: 11 Chemistry, 11 Class Chemistry, CBSE 11 Notes, CBSE Class Notes, CBSE Notes, Chemistry for Class 11,
Class 11 Notes, Class 11th Notes, Class XI Chemistry, Free CBSE Notes, Free Notes, XI Class

STAYUPDATED!
Get all updates and information in your Inbox. Enter your email below:

EMailAddress

GO

Searchthesite...

Community! Join AglaSem Members Here

STAYUPDATED!
Get all updates and information in your
Inbox. Enter your email below:

EMailAddress

GO

CbseNotes
LawNotes
SchoolsEnglish

LawNotes
SchoolsEnglish
BoardSchools

MOCKTESTS
IMO Mock Test | IEO Mock Test | NSO Mock Test
PSA Online Mock Test
KVPY Online Mock Test
NTSE Online Mock Test

ENTRANCEEXAMS

Copyright2014AglaSemSchoolsAglaSemEduTechPvt.Ltd.