Unpaved Roads

One of the most overlooked causes of land pollution, but probably one of the
worst is unpaved roads. These roads erode very easily and once the process
begin, they deteriorate very quickly. Chunks of the dirt road falls into ditches and
when it rains, fill very quickly, which can lead to the flooding of these roads and
creating further erosion. Any oil and gas within the roadbed is carried by the
water to a river, stream or other land, typically to crop fields or grazing pastures.
The unpaved roads within forests can create the worst type of erosion and land
pollution since most of the road grades are usually severe or steep. Its important
to note that even road construction can create severe land pollution by
displacing soil with the use of heavy equipment that disturbs the road bed and
surrounding soil.
A standout among the most neglected reasons for area contamination, yet likely
one of the most exceedingly awful is unpaved streets. These streets disintegrate
effectively and once the procedure start, they weaken rapidly. Lumps of the earth
street falls into trench and when it rains, fill rapidly, which can prompt the
flooding of these streets and making further disintegration. Any oil and gas inside
the roadbed is conveyed by the water to a waterway, stream or other area,
ordinarily to yield fields or munching fields.

The unpaved streets inside timberland's can make the most exceedingly terrible
kind of disintegration and area contaminations since a large portion of the street
levels are normally serious or steep. It's essential to note that even street
development can make extreme area contamination by dislodging soil with the
utilization of substantial hardware that bothers the street overnight boardinghouses soil.
Deforestation: This is when trees are cut down for economic purposes, mining,
farming and construction. In forests areas, trees absorb and reflect about 20% of
the intense heat from the sun, protecting and preserving its surface soils. Cutting
down trees mean that the land is exposed to direct sunlight and rain, resulting in
soil erosions, desertification and land degradation.
This is when trees are chopped down for financial purposes, mining, cultivating
and development. In timberland's territories, trees retain and reflect around 20%
of the extreme warmth from the sun, securing and safeguarding its surface soils.
Chopping down trees imply that the area is presented to direct daylight and
downpour, bringing about soil disintegrations, desertification and area
debasement

Soil erosion

If you define "land pollution" as irreversible damage to the land, you have to include soil
erosion as a type of pollution too. Many people think soil is soil, always there, never
changing, ever ready to grow whatever crops we choose to bury in it. In reality, soil is a much
more complex growing habitat that remains productive only when it is cared for and nurtured.
Too much wind or water, destruction of soil structure by excessive flowing, excessive
nutrients, overgrazing, and overproduction of crops erode soil, damaging its structure and
drastically reducing its productivity until it's little more than dust. At its worst, soil erosion
becomes desertification: once-productive agricultural areas become barren, useless deserts.
Unfortunately, because soil erosion has so far affected developing countries more than the
developed world, it's a problem that receives relatively little attention. Accelerating climate
change will soon after that. In a future of hotter weather and more intense storms, it will
become increasingly difficult to maintain soil in a fertile and productive state, while heavy
rainstorms and flash floods will wash away topsoil more readily. Meanwhile, agriculture may
become impossible in coastal areas inundated by saltwater carried in by rising sea levels. We
might think of global warming as an example of air pollution (because it's caused mostly by
humans releasing gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere). But if it leads to
dramatic sea-level rise and coastal erosion, you could argue that it will become an example of
land pollution as well.

Mining

Although there are many responsible mining companies, and environmental laws now tightly
restrict mining in some countries, mines remain among the most obvious scars on (and under)
the landscape. Surface mining (sometimes called quarrying or opencast mining) requires the
removal of topsoil (the fertile layer of soil and organic matter that is particularly valuable for
agriculture) to get at the valuable rocks below. Even if the destruction of topsoil is the worst
that happens, it can turn a productive landscape into a barren one, which is a kind of
pollution. You might think a mine would only remove things from the land, causing little or
no pollution, but mining isn't so simple. Most metals, for example, occur in rocky mixtures
called ores, from which the valuable elements have to be extracted by chemical, electrical, or
other processes. That leaves behind waste products and the chemicals used to process them,
which historically were simply dumped back on the land. Since all the waste was left in one
place, the concentration of pollution often became dangerously high. When mines were

completely worked out, all that was left behind was contaminated land that couldn't be used
for any other purpose. Often old mines have been used as landfills, adding the insult of an
inverted garbage mountain to the injury of the original damage. But at least it saved
damaging more land elsewhere.
There are numerous mindful mining organizations, and natural laws now hard limit mining in
a few nations, mines stay among the most evident scars on (and under) the scene. Surface
mining (once in a while called quarrying or opencast mining) requires the evacuation of
topsoil (the prolific layer of soil and natural matter that is especially important for farming) to
get at the significant shakes underneath. Regardless of the possibility that the annihilation of
topsoil is the most noticeably awful that happens, it can transform a profitable scene into an
infertile one, which is a sort of contamination. You may think a mine would just expel things
from the area, creating practically no contamination, yet mining isn't so straightforward. Most
metals, for instance, happen in rough mixtures called minerals, from which the profitable
components must be removed by concoction, electrical, or different methodologies. That
deserts waste items and the chemicals used to process them, which truly were just dumped
back on the area. Since all the waste was left in one place, the amassing of contamination
frequently got to be hazardously high. At the point when mines were totally worked out,
every one of that was deserted was polluted area that couldn't be utilized for whatever other
reason. Regularly old mines have been utilized as landfills, including the affront of an altered
waste mountain to the damage of the first harm. However, at any rate it spared harming more
land somewhere else.
Waste disposal

Humans produce vast quantities of wastein factories and offices, in our homes and schools,
and in such unlikely places as hospitals. Even the most sophisticated waste processing plants,
which use plasma torches (electrically controlled "flames" at temperatures of thousands of
degrees) to turn waste into gas, produce solid waste products that have to be disposed of
somehow. There's simply no getting away from waste: our ultimate fate as humans is to die
and become waste products that have to be burned or buried!

Waste disposal didn't always mean land pollution. Before the 20th century, most of the
materials people used were completely natural (produced from either plants, animals, or
minerals found in the Earth) so, when they were disposed of, the waste products they
generated were natural and harmless too: mostly organic (carbon-based) materials that would
simply biodegrade (break down eventually into soil-like compost). There was really nothing
we could put into the Earth that was more harmful than anything we'd taken from it in the
first place. But during the 20th century, the development of plastics (polymers generally
made in chemical plants from petroleum and other chemicals),composites (made by

combining two or more other materials), and other synthetic (human-created) materials has
produced a new generation of unnatural materials that the natural environment has no idea
how to break down. It can take 500 years for a plastic bottle to biodegrade, for example. And
while it's easy enough to recycle simple things such as cardboard boxes or steel cans, it's
much harder to do the same thing with computer circuit boards made from dozens of
different electronic components, themselves made from countless metals and other chemicals,
all tightly bonded together and almost impossible to dismantle.
Waste disposal didn't generally mean area contamination. Before the 20th century, the vast
majority of the materials individuals utilized were totally characteristic (created from either
plants, creatures, or minerals found in the Earth) thus, when they were discarded, the waste
items they produced were regular and safe as well: basically natural (carbon-based) materials
that would essentially biodegrade (separate in the end into soil-like manure). There was truly
nothing we could put into the Earth that was more destructive than anything we'd taken from
it in any case. At the same time, amid the 20th century, the advancement of plastics (polymers
for the most part made in concoction plants from petroleum and different
chemicals),composites (made by joining two or more different materials), and other
engineered (human-made) materials has created another era of unnatural materials that the
regular habitat has no clue how to separate. It can take 500 years for a plastic jug to
biodegrade, for instance. Keeping in mind its sufficiently simple to reuse straightforward
things, for example, cardboard boxes or steel jars, its much harder to do likewise with PC
circuit sheets produced using many diverse electronic segments, themselves produced using
incalculable metals and different chemicals, all firmly reinforced together and practically
difficult to disassemble.
Nothing illustrates the problem of waste disposal more clearly than radioactive waste. When
scientists discovered how to create energy by splitting atoms in nuclear power plants, they
also created the world's hardest waste disposal problem. Nuclear plants produce toxic waste
that can remain dangerously radioactive for thousands of years and, what's worse, will
contaminate anything or anyone that comes into contact with it. Nuclear plants that have
suffered catastrophic accidents (including the Chernobyl plant in the Ukraine, which
exploded in 1986, and the Fukushima plant in Japan, which was damaged by an earthquake in
2011) are generally sealed with concrete and abandoned indefinitely. Not surprisingly, local
communities object vociferously to having nuclear waste stored anywhere near them.

http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/environmental-issues/causes-land-pollution
http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/land-pollution/sources-of-land-pollution.html
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/land-pollution.html

Effects