Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IMECE2015
November 13-19, 2015, Houston, Texas
DRAFT
IMECE2015-51378
SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF CLUTCH CUSHION DISC USING DIFFERENTIAL
EVOLUTION METHOD
N. KAYA
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Uludag University,
Bursa, Turkey
necmi@uludag.edu.tr
T. AKMAK
Valeo A..
Bursa, Turkey
tolga.cakmak@valeo.com
S. KARTAL
Valeo A..
Bursa, Turkey
samet.kartal@valeo.com
F. KARPAT
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Uludag University,
Bursa, Turkey
karpat@uludag.edu.tr
ABSTRACT
The clutch is an element which makes a temporary connection
between gear box and vehicle engine. It transmits not only
engine torque, but also ensures comfort and drivability during
slippage. One of the main functions of clutch disc is to transmit
the engine torque with absorbing vibrations. It allows a soft
gradual reengagement of torque transmission. Cushion disc
which is located between two clutch facings has wavy surface,
thus it behaves like a spring during engagement and
disengagement. The axial elastic stiffness of the clutch disc is
obtained by a cushion disc. The load-deflection curve is obtained
by compressing clutch disc between two plates, representing
pressure plate and flywheel. The wavy shape of the cushion disc
provides progressive stiffness curve of the clutch disc.
The cushion disc participates in drivers comfort during
engagement of the clutch. The comfort depends on the limits of
the progressive stiffness curve. Outside the limits of this cushion
function, the clutch engagement would be harsh and
uncomfortable for the driver. Besides, engine torque may not be
transmitted during the later service lifetime and life of the clutch
might be decreased. In the case of, cushion disc has no
cushioning function, engine might be stopped. Additionally,
improper cushioning function cause to heat and deform of the
pressure plate and it also decreases the transmitted engine torque.
A.KARADUMAN
Valeo A..
Bursa, Turkey
alper.karaduman@valeo.com
Design of the clutch starts with the pedal force designated by the
vehicle manufacturer, then target cushion disc stiffness curve is
calculated. This process is mainly based on designers experience
or trial and error method, therefore it is time consuming and
costly process. In this study, a methodology is proposed in order
to overcome these problems.
),
(1)
(c +1, > p, )
(3)
1 1 2
(2)
where xn,b,i is the base vector (b) selected for the new individual
that will be created for the ith old individual in the nth population,
xn,P1,i is the P1yth individual selected randomly from between
[1,NP] integers. Similarly, xn,P2,i is the P2yth individual selected
randomly from between [1,NP] integers, and Fy is the scale factor
for the yth vector difference in the range of [0,1].
The x
n,b,i
The pressure plates are modelled by two rigid plates (Figure 5).
Plates compress the disc axially to simulate its behavior during
the re-engagement. Two frictional contacts were defined
between cushion disc and rigid plates. In this study, augmented
lagrangian method was used to solve the contact problem.
Bottom plate is fixed and upper plate is also fixed except for axial
translation.
7000
ucalc_n
6000
Load [N]
(ucalc_i utarget_i )
utarget_i
...
ucalc_4
4000
ucalc_3
3000
2000
(4)
utarg_4
utarg_3
ucalc_2
ucalc_1
1000
utarg_n
...
5000
utarg_2
utarg_1
0.2
0.4
Deflection [mm]
0.6
0.8
EVOLUTION
BASED
SHAPE
By
Bx
Run #
Bx
(mm)
8.3
By
(mm)
22.2
Chi-square
A
(mm)
1
9.3
22.2
0.02156
10.3
22.2
0.01068
8.3
23.2
0.03439
9.3
23.2
0.01709
10.3
23.2
0.00848
subject to
8.3
24.2
0.02853
1.0 1.2,
9.3
24.2
0.01399
10.3
24.2
0.00724
10
1.1
8.3
22.2
0.01080
11
1.1
9.3
22.2
0.02367
12
1.1
10.3
22.2
0.04200
13
1.1
8.3
23.2
0.01454
14
1.1
9.3
23.2
0.02956
15
1.1
10.3
23.2
0.04946
16
1.1
8.3
24.2
0.01901
17
1.1
9.3
24.2
0.03610
18
1.1
10.3
24.2
0.05793
19
1.2
8.3
22.2
0.12386
20
1.2
9.3
22.2
0.18700
21
1.2
10.3
22.2
0.24964
22
1.2
8.3
23.2
0.14632
23
1.2
9.3
23.2
0.20743
24
1.2
10.3
23.2
0.26924
25
1.2
8.3
24.2
0.16565
26
1.2
9.3
24.2
0.22738
27
1.2
10.3
24.2
0.28931
Two case studies were given below for shape optimization. Chisquare value was calculated using actual and target stiffness
curves for objective function. The shape optimization problem is
defined as:
8.3 10.3,
22.2 24.2
0.04293
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES