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Impulse-Momentum theorem: The force exerted by the jet on the flat plate (Hemispherical vane) in
the direction of jet must be equal to the rate of change of momentum of the jet flow in the same
direction.
Procedure:
1. Sump tank is cleaned and filled with water. (ensure water to be free from foreign bodies)
2. Drain valves are closed and desired vane is placed.
3. Switch on the Main power supply.
4. Switch on the Water Pump and set the desired flow rate using Gate Valve.
5. Note down the reading from weighing Scale.
6. Flow rate is measured using the measuring tank and stop watch for 10 cm rise of water.
7. Set the flow rate for different combinations of readings by adjusting Gate Valve.
8. All readings are noted.
9. Vane is changed and experiment is repeated.
10. Pump and main supply of power are switched off when experiment is completed.
11. Water is drained from all tanks.
12. Compute the results using formula.
2
Result: The vane coefficient is calculated for flat vane and cup vane.
Model Calculations
Discharge: The time taken to collect some x cm of water in the collecting tank in m/sec.
Q= AxR
t
Where,
A = area of the collecting tank in m (0.3m X 0.3m)
R = rise of water level taken in meters (say 0.1m or 10cm)
t = time taken for rise of water level to rise r int seconds.
Calculate the velocity of the jet by following formula
V=
Discharge (Q)
Co.eff. Of contraction (CC) X Area of the jet (a)
= m/sec
Where,
a = cross sectional area of the jet = d /4
Cc =coefficient of contraction=0.67
d =diameter of the nozzle =10mm= 0.01m
Calculate the theoretical force by the momentum equation
Fth =aV
= Density of water =1000 kg/m
= angle made by the velocity of the jet with outlet tangent of the vane which is zero in our case.
For flat vane
For hemispherical vane
Fh =aV.
Fth =2aV.
Observations:
S.No.
Fact
Newton
Time taken
for 10cm
rise of water
Velocity=
Q/Cc x A
Fth=
aVNewton
Vane coeff.
Fact/Fth
m/sec
Question Bank:
1. Define impact of jet on vanes?
2. The force exerted by the jet on the plate (stationary/moving) is obtained from which equation?
3. Give the formulae for the theoretical force exerted by jet on stationary hemispherical plate?
4. Define coefficient of impact of jet on vane?
5. How do you measure the actual force developed in this experiment?
6. On what factors does the amount of force exerted by the jet on vane depend?
7. What is the angle made by the inclined plate with the horizontal?
8. Out of the two cases, in which case is the coefficient of impact of jet higher?
9. What are the applications of impact of jet on vanes?