Time: 03 Hours

Instructions to candidates:

R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore

Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU
VI Semester B.E. Examination, Model paper 1
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Analog & Mixed mode VLSI design 12EC62
Maximum Marks: 100

PART - A
1.1.

1.2.2

A MOSFET carries a drain current of 1 mA with VDS = 0.5 V in saturation.

Determine the change in ID if VDS rises to 1 V and = 0.1 V-1. Calculate the
output impedance of the device .
Unity gain frequency of MOSFET is 50 Mhz. It has internal capacitances,
Cgs = 2 pF, Cgd = 0.5 pF. Calculate its gm.

Fig 1.3
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.

1.7.
1.8.
1.9.

M BT
1
2

CO
1

Fig 1.5

Calculate the small signal voltage gain of the circuit in Fig 1.3 , given ID = 4 mA,
Kn(W/L)1 = 2 mA/V2, (W/L)3= 20, (W/L)2 = 10, RL = 5 k
For the differential gain of 86dB and CMRR of 74dB, if the differential input is
1V and the common input is 100V, calculate the output voltage.
Calculate the output Impedance of the unity gain buffer depicted in Fig 1.5.
Assume gmN = 1mA/V, gmP = 2mA/V, roN = 10K, roP = 20K
Calculate the number of pole associated with the circuit shown in Fig 1.6

Fig. 1.6
For the NMOS current source, calculate the total thermal noise current in drain
current for a band from 1 Hz to 1MHz at room temperature for gm = 2mA/V.
An amplifier with a forward gain of A0 has two coincident poles at . Calculate
the maximum value of A0 for a PM = 60 with a closed-loop gain of unity.
For the given circuit in Fig. 1.9, calculate the minimum and maximum on
resistance of M1. Assume Kn = 50 A/V2, W/L = 10/1, Vth = 0.7 V, VDD = 3V
and = 0. Also assume Vout Vin.

1.10.

1.11.
1.12.
1.13.

Fig 1.9
Fig1.10
For the circuit shown in Fig 1.10, (W/L)1 = 20/0.5 in m, VDD = 3V, VTHn = 0.7
V, Cox = 140 fF/ m2 and CH = 1pF, compute the maximum error at the output
due to charge injection.
Compute the dynamic range of a 16-bit DAC in dB
If a 16-bit ADC yielded an SNRD of 88 dB, then calculate the effective
resolution of the converter.
In a 3-bit successive approximation ADC, if Vin = 5.5 V, list out the values of
D2D1D0 with the appropriate Vout at each step.

1
1

2
2

2
2

3
3
4

3
2
3

PART B

2.

3.

Unit -1
a. Calculate the gain of the circuit shown in Fig 2.1. Mention the limitation
of the circuit. How can the circuit be modified to overcome this
limitation.
b. For the NMOS Differential circuit given in Fig. 2.2, the gm of Q1 is
9mA/V, calculate the small-signal differential gain, Vo/Vid.(Assume that
the bias values of Vin1 and Vin2 are equal)

Fig 2.1
Fig. 2.2
Fig. 2.3

2
c. Given: = 1, = 20 , = 20, = 2, = 0, R =
10k, = 5. Calculate i) the small signal gain, ii)the largest allowable
input-swing for the circuit shown in Fig 2.3.
OR
a. In the cascode stage of Fig 3.1, assume (W/L)1=50/0.5, (W/L)2=10/0.5, ID1 =
ID2 = 0.5 mA, and RD = 1k. . Assume Vth = 0.7V, VDD = 3V, Kn = 20
mA/V2, n = 0.1 V-1 and = 0.
i.
Calculate Vb such that M1 is 50mV away from the triode region.
ii. Calculate the small-signal voltage gain
iii. Using the value of Vb found in part (i), calculate the maximum
output swing.

16

iv.

Calculate the swing at node X for the maximum output swing

10

Fig 3.1

4.

Unit -2
a. Explain the need of a common mode feedback? Discuss how a CMFB could
can be implemented using triode device in telescopic op-amp. Also mention
its drawback.
b. The circuit of Fig. 4.2 is designed for a nominal gain of 10. Determine the
minimum value of A1 for a gain error of 1%.

Fig 4.2

5.

OR
a. Calculate the output impedance of the circuit shown in Fig 5.1

Fig 5.1

b. Consider the feedback amplifier depicted in Fig 5.2, where C1 and C2 set
the closed loop gain.
i.
Determine the small signal step response of the circuit
ii. Calculate the positive and negative slew rates

16

10

Fig 5.2

6.

Unit -3
a. In the two stage op-amp of Fig 6.1, W/L = 50/0.5, for all transistors except
for M5,6, for which W/L = 60/0.5. Also, ISS = 0.25 mA and each output
branch is biased at 1 mA. Assume VDD = 3V, Kn = 20 mA/V2, kp = 6
mA/V2, n = 0.1 V-1, P = 0.2 V-1, and = 0, Vth = 0.7V of both PMOS &
NMOS.
i.
Determine the CM level at nodes X and Y.
ii. Calculate the maximum output voltage swing.
iii. If each output is loaded by 1 pF capacitor, compensate the op-amp
by miller multiplication for a phase margin of 60 in unity gain
feedback. Calculate the pole and zero positions after compensation.

Fig 6.1

7.

OR
a. Calculate the input referred thermal noise voltage of the amplifier shown in
Fig 7.2, assuming both transistors are in saturation. Also, determine the total
output thermal is the circuit drives a load capacitance CL. what is the output
SNR if a low-frequency sinusoid of amplitude Vm is applied to the input.

Fig 7.2
b. Explain why the input referred noise representation is preferred over output
noise representation. Also explain how to represent it with a neat sketch.

8.

9.

Unit -4
Consider the switched capacitor amplifier depicted in Fig. 8.1, where the
common mode feedback is not shown. Assume (W/L)1-4 = 50/0.5, ISS = 1mA,
C1 = C2 = 2 pF, C3 = C4 = 0.5 pF, and the output CM level is 1.5 V. Neglect
the transistor capacitances. Assume VDD = 3V, Kn = 20 mA/V2, kp = 6
mA/V2, n = 0.1 V-1, P = 0.2 V-1, and = 0, Vth = 0.7V of both PMOS &
NMOS.
i.
What is the maximum allowable output voltage swing in the
amplification mode?
ii. Determine the gain error of the amplifier.
iii. What is the small signal time constant in the amplification mode?

3
2

2
2

16

Fig 8.1
OR
a. The circuit of Fig. 9.1, samples the input on C1 when CK is high and connects 10
C1 and C2 when CK is low. Assume (W/L)1 = (W/L)2 and C1 = C2.
i.
What is the maximum error in Vout due to charge injection and clock feedthrough of M1 and M2? Assume the channel charge of M2 splits equally
between C1 and C2.
ii. Determine the sampled KT/C noise at the output after M2 turns off.

Fig 9.1
b. Determine the maximum DNL (in LSBs) for a 3-bit DAC, which has the
following characteristics. Does the DAC have 3-bit accuracy? If not, what is
the resolution of the DAC having this characteristic? Assume Vref= 5 V
Digital input
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

10.

11.

12
4

2
2

2
2

Voltage output
0V
0.625 V
1.5625 V
2V
2.5 V
3.125 V
3.4375 V
4.375 V

Unit -5
a. An 8-bit resistor string DAC was fabricated with a nominal resistance
value of 1 k. If the process was able to provide matching of resistors to
within 1%, find the effective resolution of the converter. What is the
maximum INL and DNL of the converter? Assume VREF = 5V.
b. Derive an expression for the quantization noise voltage spectral density
and show how averaging technique impacts it along with the
corresponding spectrum
OR
a. Explain the working principle of SAR ADC with a neat block diagram.
b. Perform the operation of a 3-bit successive approximation ADC with Vref =
8V. Make a table which shows the binary search algorithm of the converter
for Vin = 5.5V.