Physics 211L

Measurement of Magnetic Induction Fields

Names: Ali Alawieh & Amjad Kanj
Part A: Solenoid
(a) Measurement of B as a function of position (I= 5A ):
Length of solenoid = 16 cm
Outer diameter of solenoid =5.410 0.005cm
Outer diameter of spool = 4.5 0.1 cm
Average diameter of solenoid = 4.96 0.05 cm = 0.0496 0.0005 m
d d 2 5.410 4.5
d av 1

4.955
2
2
cm = 0.04955 m 0.0496 m.

av

d av

d1
d1

d av

d2
d 2

0.5 0.005 10

2 2

= 0.0005 m.
D (cm) *
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

B (mT)
D (cm) *
1.34
11
2.37
12
3.27
13
5.11
14
8.35
15
12.98
16
15.85
17
17.60
18
18.55
19
19.22
20
19.44
21
19.52
22
19.53
23
19.44
24
19.31
* D represents the pointer reading in cm

0.5 0.1 10 2

B (mT)
18.91
18.35
17.05
15.07
10.87
7.33
4.48
2.63
2.42
2.20
1.45
1.01
0.71
0.53

Plot B versus D and determine the position of the center of the solenoid. Comment.

B (mT) vs D (cm)
25
20
15

B (mT)

10
5
0
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
-7.50
-2.50
2.50
7.50
12.50
17.50
22.50
27.50

To get the center of the solenoid, we look at the curve and find the point at which the
magnitude of the magnetic field is maximum, for accuracy we take many measurements
on the preceding graph:

So the center of the solenoid is at approximately 7.97 cm from the left end. This value is
close to the theoretical value 16/2=8 cm since this value lies within the range
[7.88 cm,8.06 cm], this mean that our measurement is acceptable.

(b) Measurements of B at the center of the solenoid:

I (A)
1
2.02
3
4
5
6.01
7

Bmeas (mT)
4.16
8.25
12.15
16.10
20.00
24.00
28.00

Plot B versus I and determine the slope of the line and its uncertainty.

B (mT)
30
25
20
B (mT)
15
10
5

I (A)

0
0

So, a=( 3.962 0.007 ) for BmT

SI measurements ( Bin T ) :a=( 3.962 0.007 ) 103

From the slope, determine the number of turns in the solenoid N and its uncertainty.
At the center of the solenoid:

0 NI
NI
[cos 1 cos 2 ] 0 [cos 1 cos(180 1 )]
2L
2L
NI
NI
0 [cos 1 cos 1 ] 0 [2 cos 1 ]
2L
2L
B

L
cos 1 2
z

L
2
2

L
D

4
4

L
L D2
2

0 N
So, B/I =slope = A =

0 NI
L

L
L2 D 2

0 NI
L2 D 2

A L2 D 2
N
0

L2 D 2

0.003692 0.16 0.0496

4 10 7

528

N
N
N
D )2 (
L )2 (
A )2
D
L
A
(

AD

0 L2 D 2

D )2 (

0.003830 0.0496 0.0005

2
2

7
4 10 0.16 0.0496

AL

0 L2 D 2

L )2 (

0.003830 0.16 0.05 10 2

2
2

10
0
.
16

0
.
0496

L2 D 2

0
2

0.16 2 0.0496 2 0.000007

A )2

2
So, N = 528 2 turns
(c) Measurement of B outside the solenoid:
Value of B outside the solenoid = 0.61 mT.
How does this value compare to those measured inside the solenoid.

4 10 7

The magnetic field outside the solenoid is much smaller than that inside the solenoid
since the magnetic field lines are scattered as they go away from the center of the
solenoid so we have less density of the magnetic field lines outside the solenoid than
inside what causes a less magnetic field. Also, the magnetic field outside is positive by
the time the inside was negative; this is ultimately due to the fact that the magnetic field
lines have opposite direction outside the solenoid than inside. Part B: Coil
Average diameter = 13.0 0.3 cm

Number of turns = 500

I =200 mA
D, Distance of
probe-head to Coil
plane (cm)
- 10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0

B (mT)
-0.17
-0.24
-0.38
-0.60
-0.84
-0.95

D, Distance of
probe-head to Coil
plane (cm)
2
4
6
8
10
XXXXXXXXXX

B (mT)
-0.75
-0.50
-0.31
-0.18
-0.10
XXXXXXXXX

Plot B versus D on the same graph paper that youve used for the solenoid.
Compare the value of the field at the center of the coil to the theoretical one that can be
calculated from Equation 1. Comment.

B (mT) vs D (cm)
-20.00

-10.00

0
0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

B Solenoid (mT)
B coil (mT

-5

0 NIR 2
3

2( R 2 x 2 ) 2
The probe is at the center => x = 0

 NI
0 NIR 2
0 NI
B 0
B
3

2R
2R = D
=>
7
4 10 500 200 10 3
B
4
13.0 10 2
=9.7 10 T 0.97mT
=>
B

B
D
D

I
I

NI

0 2 D 0 I
D

-3
= 0.020 10 T = 0.020 mT

4 10 7 (500)(0.2)

0.3 10 2
2
(0.13)

4 10 7 (500)

0.001
0.13

Therefore , Btheo=(0.970 0.020) mT

The experimental value of B at the center corresponds to the distance 0, that is
B=0.95 0.01 mT
We notice that the theoretical value of B =0.97 mT lies with the range :
[ B exp2 , Bexp +2 ] That is [ 0.93 mT , o .97 mT ]
We can say that the measurement is somehow accurate
Part C: Bar Magnet
Describe and explain the effect you observe when you place the bar magnet with one
end against the probe tip and then the other end.
At one end of the bar magnet we read -24.2 mT, and at the other end we read +24.3 mT.
The two values are opposite due to the opposite polarity of the bar magnet; one is a south
pole and the other is a north pole and the two values are very close in magnitude since the
field lines that leave one pole enter the other pole so the density of magnetic field lines is
approximately the same at each pole.
The difference in the value is due to the fact that one of the ends of the bar magnet is not
flat perfectly which caused such difference.