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® le Syntholﺩﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻧﺸـﺊ ﻣـﻦ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺻـﻴﺪﻻﻧﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜـﻲ Mr Rogerﻣـﻦ ﻧﻴﻮﺃﻭﺭﻟﻴـﺎﻧﺲ ﺳـﻨﺔ 1925ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﻛﺤـﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﻄﺒـﻖ
ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺯﻳﻮﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻝ :ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺮﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﻴﻦ )(E104
ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺘﻮﻝ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺬﺍﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺬﻳﺐ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻪ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ 96%ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺺ ) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ (34,5%
ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺘﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼﻥ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﺣﻤﺾ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻠﻲ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﻳﺰﻳﺴﻴﻨﻮﻝ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﻞ .ﺃﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ
OH
OCH3 CO2H
(21ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ :ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺏ ، AHﻭﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ n0 = 7,20×10 – 4 molﻓﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ V0
= 100 mLﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ . C0ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ pHﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ . 2,6
(421ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ xéqﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ،ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ؟ ﻋﻠﻞ.
ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ :ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺾ C7H6O3ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ . MA = 138 g.mol – 1ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻲ
ρ = 0,950 g.mL – 1ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ AH
(12ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ VA = 100,0 mLﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ
cA = 7,23 × 10 – 4 mol.L – 1
(22ﺗﺤﻀـﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻳﺮﺓ :ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻝ CAﻧﻘﺘـﺮﺡ ﻣﻌـﺎﻳﺮﺓ VA =100mLﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺑﻤﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺩﺍ (Na++ HO –).ﻭﻧﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ .ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
(122ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﺛﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮ ) ni(C7H6O3ﻭﻛﻤﻴـﺔ ﻣـﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻳﻮﻧـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴـﻴﺪ
)– n(HOﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ )ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ (
(222ﻧﻘ ﺘـﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋـﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻀـﺎﻑ ﻋﻨــﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻓﺆ VBEﻣﺤﺼــﻮﺭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘـﻴﻦ 5,0 mLﻭ 20,0 mLﺃﻋــﻂ ﺗـﺄﻃﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴــﺰ
ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ.
–1 –1
c 0 = 1,0 × 10ﺻﻒ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ mol.L (322ﻧﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ S0ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ
– 2
cB = 1,0 × 10ﻣﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ 50,0 mLﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ mol.L – 1
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ .
(23ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ .
(123ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ
ﺃ( ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﻢ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺃﻥ pHﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻓﺆ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﺟـﺪﺍ ﻣـﻦ ، 7ﺍﺧﺘـﺮ ﻣﻌﻠـﻼ ﺟﻮﺍﺑـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ
ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ
ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻟﻮﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﻟﻮﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ
ﺏ( ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ® Syntholﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ .ﻋﻠﻞ.
¸‹@S@òjÈ’@2009@ñŠë†@@òîã‹Ï@bíŠìÜ×bi@åß@õbîàîØÛa@À@åí
ام
ا
(223ﺍﻝpHﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ :ﺇﻥ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ pHﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ pHﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ )ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ(ﺣﺪﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ.
(323ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ :ﻧﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ VA=50mlﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ
ﻭﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﺤﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ، cB = 1,00 × 10 – 2 mol.L – 1ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ
ﺝ( ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ VBEﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ CAﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ (21
elghzizal@live.fr Ç@Þb–müa@ìuŠ½a@‰bÐna@ëc@òÄyýß@ÝØÛ