R.V.S.

EDUCATIONAL TRUSTS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

DINDIGUL - 624005

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ED7211 - ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION LABORATORY

M.E. ENGINEERING DESIGN

RECORD

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
A. Simulation
1. Simulation of Air conditioning system with condenser temperature and evaporator temperatures
as input to get COP using C /MAT Lab.
2. Simulation of Hydraulic / Pneumatic cylinder using C / MAT Lab.
3. Simulation of cam and follower mechanism using C / MAT Lab.

B. Analysis (Simple Treatment only)

1. Stress analysis of a plate with a circular hole.
2. Stress analysis of rectangular L bracket
3. Stress analysis of an axi-symmetric component
4. Stress analysis of beams (Cantilever, Simply supported, Fixed ends)
5. Mode frequency analysis of a 2 D component
6. Mode frequency analysis of beams (Cantilever, Simply supported, Fixed ends)
7. Harmonic analysis of a 2D component
8. Thermal stress analysis of a 2D component - Static
9. Conductive heat transfer analysis of a 2D component - Static
10. Convective heat transfer analysis of a 2D component - Static

INTRODUCTION to FEA and ANSYS

What is FEA?
Finite Element analysis is a way to simulate loading conditions on a design and
determine the designs response to those conditions.
The design is modeled using discrete building blocks called elements.
Each element has exact equations that describe how it responds to a certain load.
The Sum of the response of all elements in the model gives the total response of
the design.
The elements have a finite number of unknowns, hence the name finite elements.
The finite element model, which has a finite number of unknowns, can only
approximate the response of the physical system which has infinite unknowns.
How good is the approximation?
Unfortunately, there is no easy answer to this question, it depends entirely on what
you are simulating and the tools you use for the simulation.
Why is FEA needed?
To reduce the amount of prototype testing.
Computer Simulation allows multiple what ifscenarios to be tested quickly and
effectively.
To simulate designs those are not suitable for prototype testing. E.g. Surgical Implants
such as an artificial knee.
About ANSYS:
ANSYS is a complete FEA software package used by engineers worldwide in
virtually all fields of engineering. ANSYS is a virtual Prototyping technique used to
iterate various scenarios to optimize the product.
General Procedure of Finite Element Analysis:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Creation of geometry or continuum using preprocessor.

Discretization of geometry or continuum using preprocessor.
Checking for convergence of elements and nodes using preprocessor.
Applying loads and boundary conditions using preprocessor.
Solving or analyzing using solver
Viewing of Results using postprocessor.

Build Geometry:
Construct a two (or) three dimensional representation of the object to be modeled and
tested using the work plane co-ordinate system in Ansys.

Define Material Properties:

Define the necessary material from the library that composes the object model which
includes thermal and mechanical properties.
Generate Mesh:
Now define how the model system should be broken down into finite pieces.
Apply Loads:
The last task in preprocessing is to restrict the system by constraining the
displacement and physical loading.
Obtain Solution:
The solution is obtained using solver available in ANSYS. The computer can
understand easily if the problem is solved in matrices.
Present the Result:
After the solution has been obtained there are many ways to present Ansys result
either in graph or in plot.
Specific Capabilities of ANSYS Structural Analysis:
Structural analysis is probably the most the common application of the finite element
method such as piston, machine parts and tools.
Static Analysis:
It is the used to determine displacement, stress etc. under static loading conditions.
Ansys can compute linear and non-linear types (e.g. the large strain hyper elasticity
and creep problems).
Transient Dynamic Analysis:
It is used to determine the response of a structure to time varying loads.
Buckling Analysis:
It is used to calculate buckling load and to determine the shape of the component after
applying the buckling load. Both linear buckling and non linear buckling analysis
are possible.

Thermal Analysis:
The steady state analysis of any solid under thermal boundary conditions calculates
the effect of steady thermal load on a system (or) component that includes the
following.
a) Convection.
b) Radiation.
c) Heat flow rates.
d) Heat fluxes.
e) Heat generation rates.
f) Constant temperature boundaries.
Fluid Flow:
The ANSYS CFD offers comprehensive tools for analysis of two-dimensional and
three dimensional fluid flow fields.
Magnetic:
Magnetic analysis is done using Ansys / Electromagnetic program. It can calculate the
magnetic field in device such as power generators, electric motor etc. Interest in
magnetic analysis is finding magnetic flux, magnetic density, power loss and magnetic
forces.
Acoustic / Vibrations:
Ansys is the capable of modeling and analyzing vibration system. Acoustic is the
study of the generation, absorption and reflection of pressure waves in a fluid
application.
Few examples of acoustic applications are
a) Design of concert house, where an even distribution of sound pressure is
possible.
b) Noise cancellation in automobile.
c) Underground water acoustics.
d) Noise minimization in machine shop.
e) Geophysical exploration.
Coupled Fields:
A coupled field analysis is an analysis that takes into account the interation
between two (or) more fields of engineering analysis. Pressure vessels,
Induction heating and Micro electro mechanical systems are few examples.

HISTORY OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALSIS

The Need for Finite Element Analysis
The Engineering profession can be described as the profession of Applied Mathematics or
Applied Science. Engineers take the tools and technologies developed by mathematicians and
scientists to solve real life concrete problems. Mathematicians provide mathematical equations, rules,
and techniques that allow Engineers to simulate, approximate, and predict how a structure will
respond or how a circuit will operate in reality. Scientists provide new technologies that operate
faster, more efficiently, more reliably, and may be cheaper than current technologies.
Engineers rely on mathematics and science to produce governing mathematical relations and
approximations that can be used to provide a means of systematically designing a solution to a given
problem. In many situations, the mathematics used to predict or simulate an engineered solution is
too complex to do exactly or by hand. Take for instance an electromagnetic flux. While it is usually
possible to calculate the flux through a regular shape such as a sphere, box, cylinder, or cone, as the
shape becomes more irregular, the math to compute the flux becomes nearly impossible. Triple
integrations on 50 term 10th order equations with geometric relationships are probably impossible to
compute, even if given months to compute it.
While the math to simulate and predict engineering solutions in the real world become more
complex and difficult, Engineers are continuously pressed to develop solutions to problems that are
better than and sooner than the competition. These two conflicting forces drive the development of
new techniques to produce analytical data on engineered solutions allowing Engineers to get
immediate feed back as to how well a solution stands up to a particular test. FEA is one such tool
employed by engineers to speed up solution development and produce better solutions than what was
possible before.
Historical Origins of Finite Element Analysis
Finite Element Analysis has its origins in the mechanical engineering concentration relating
to stress, strain, and elasticity. Basic ideas that eventual led to FEA were first introduced in a paper
presented by Hrenikoff in 1941. In 1943 R Courant presented a paper where he used the Ritz method
of numerical analysis and minimization of variational calculus to approximate torsion stresses and
vibrations in mechanical systems. Courant used piecewise polynomial equations to interpolate
calculated solutions across a triangular mesh. These interpolations lead to a complete solution over
the entire surface.
FEA was further developed by a paper presented by M. J. Turner, R. W. Clough, H. C. Martin,
and L. J. Topp in 1956. The paper focused on truss, beam, and other elements in structural analysis
and mechanical engineering. The term finite element was coined by Clough in 1960 to describe the
small elemental patches use to approximate a complete surface.
The inherent qualities of FEA led to it used primarily for such tasks as stress, strain, fluid
flow and heat transfer. Furthermore, though FEA simplified the mathematics with which to
approximate solutions, the required number of iterations of a series of finite element patches led to
very long and tedious work. This limitation meant that FEA could only be used by companies with
access to super computers.
Throughout the 1960s and 70s, FEA was further developed and adapted to other areas such as
electromagnetics. The mathematical processes and frameworks used where also updated with time.
Today, thanks to the power of the common desktop computer, the FEA method is available to almost
any engineering company and engineering student.

Finite Element Analysis

FEA is a complex topic making it difficult for any one person to understand it fully.
Furthermore, without knowing the mathematics behind FEA, it may be difficult for some to
understand what it really does and how. First, what FEA does and how it works is discussed. Then,
so as to show what FEA does without delving into the mathematics behind it, a simpler analogous
problem is presented.
How FEA Works
The basic premise of FEA is that large complex problems can be broken down into smaller
much easier to solve problems. The solutions from each of the smaller parts can then be combined
together to generate a complete and whole solution to the question or problem.
Take for instance a complex multi-faceted tube or irregularly shaped mounting bracket. In
mechanical engineering, stress functions are defined for simple regular surfaces and volumes such as
planes, boxes, spheres, cylinders, simple tubes, and the like. While these equations work well at an
academic level, they very rarely work quite so well in life.
Before the late 1950s, most engineers would either spend days, weeks, even months trying to
derive the appropriate equations, make estimates based on past experience, or make a logical guess
and run real life tests. While these techniques worked, they left much to be desired. Computing
precise equations was to time consuming while relying on past experience and trial and error
methods left to much unanswered and to many possible problems.
With FEA, a surface, such as the aforementioned complex tube or irregular bracket, is broken
down into a set of smaller regular surfaces such that when the sub-patch surfaces are fitted together,
they very closely approximate the actual surface. Each of the sub-patches can be treated as a
separate surface under some sort of stress and strain. Equations can be applied to the patch to
approximate how it will respond over time. Once the reaction of one patch is computed, it is possible
to compute how it will react with it neighbors. This process is repeated until the entire surface has
been computed. While this technique does not give precise data, by using small sub-patches, it is
able to give a very close approximation to the actual data. Figure 1 shows a graphic representation of
a number of surfaces that have been divided up into sub-patches ready for FEA.
An Analogy to FEA
Though it is possible to just explain what FEA is, it really does not make sense until it is seen
in action. The problem is that it is so complex that it is very hard to show it in a practical application
without any background in the subject. Therefore, to give an idea of how FEA works, an analogy
used throughout mathematics, engineering, and science will be presented. While not specific to
FEA, it will give a basic grounding in the concepts used by FEA.
Comparison with FEA
FEA is very similar in concept to the process of approximating the definite integral of some
unknown function. In the above integral approximation, sample points where taken from the actual
function. Regular trapezoidal areas where then computed. For a set of n samples, if i is the index
variable that ranges from 0 to n-1, then each trapezoid is made up of the four vertices defined as (x i,
0), (xi, yi), (xi+1, yi+1), and (xi+1, 0) for i from 0 to n-2. For each trapezoid, its area is computed and
then added to a running total.
The trapezoidal area function is similar to the stress and strain functions used to compute

mechanical attributes of a small path in an FEA problem. The running total of trapezoidal areas is
analogous to the functions to model the interactions between the small sub-patches in an FEA
problem.
Also, just as it is important to carefully select the number of samples and the sample positions
to compute a good approximate integral, it is important to select a good mesh that divides up a solid
effectively for an FEA problem. Also, the fact that it is much harder to reduce the error from 2%
down to 1% than it is to reduce 10% error down to 5% error hold true for FEA problems as well. A
much finer and optimized mesh will be needed to reduce an FEA problem error from 2% down to 1%
than to reduce the error from 10% down to 5%.
The increasing difficulty of reducing error also shows another aspect of FEA. It is possible to
design a mesh that will yield under 1% error or even under 0.1% error. The problem is that such a
mesh may be very fine and as such the number of sub-patches will start to increase exponentially. As
the number of sub-patches increases, the required computation time also increases. Therefore a
balance must be found between available computation time and desired acceptable accuracy and
error.

Result: Thus the basics of FEA and ANSYS are studied.

Ex.No:1

STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

Aim
To perform stress analysis of a plate with a circular hole.
Procedure
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Solid Quad 4Node 42 >
Select > Options > Plane Stress/Thickness.
4. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3.
5. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > plane 42> thickness = 10
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangular by Dimension >
X1, X2 = 0, 50
Y1, Y2 = 0, 50.
7. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid circle > WP X = 0, WP
Y = 50 & Radius = 10 > OK.
8. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Subtract > Areas > Select rectangle >Apply >
Select Circle > Ok.
9. Preprocessor > Meshing > Element Edge Length = 2 > Mesh > Areas > Free.
10. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static > OK.
11. Solution > Define Load > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On lines > Select
Bottom Line > UY > Displacement value = 0 > OK.
10. Solution > Define Load > On Lines > Select left line > Ok > UX > Displacement
value = 0 > OK.
11. Solution > Pressure > On Line > Select Right line > Ok > Value [100] > Ok.
12. Solution > Solve > Current LS > Ok.
13. Utility menu > Plot control > Style > Symmetry Expansion > Periodic > Reflect
about XY.

14. Plot control > Animate > deformed shape > Ok.
13. General Postprocessor > Plot Result > Deformed shape > Ok.
14. Plot Result > Plot Result > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > Stress > Von Mises >
Ok.

Result:
Thus the stress analysis of a plate with a circular hole is performed.

EX.NO:2

STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR L - BRACKET

Aim
To perform stress analysis of rectangular L- bracket and to determine the maximum stress and
maximum deflection.
Procedure
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Solid Quad 8Node 42 >
Select > Options > Plane Stress/Thickness.
4. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3.
5. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > plane 42> thickness = 12.
6. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Area > rectangle > centre & corner
WP X = 25
WP Y = 0
Width = 150
Height = 50
Apply
WP X = 125
WP Y = -75
Width = 50
Height = 100
Ok
7. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > circle > solid circle >
WP X = 0
WP Y = 0
Radius = 25
Apply
WP X = 125
WP Y = -75, Radius = 25 > Ok

8. Preprocessor > modeling > operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > pick all
9. Preprocessor > modeling > create > line > line fillet > select 2 lines > fillet radius =
10 > Ok.
10. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > Arbitrary > By lines > select the three
lines.
11. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Area > circle > solid circle >
WP X = 0
WP Y = 0
Radius = 10
Apply
WP X = 125
WP Y = -75
Radius = 10
Ok.
12. Preprocessor > modeling > operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas > Select the
rectangle > Apply > select two circles > Ok.
13. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length
= 2 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all.
14. Solution > define loads > apply > Structural > displacement > online > select the
left hole (Inside) > apply > All DOF > Displacement value = 0 > ok.
15. Solution > pressure > on line > pick all (Select bottom left of the circle> apply.
Load value = 50; optional value = 25 > apply
16. Solution > pressure > on line > pick all (Select bottom right of the circle> apply.
Load value = 25; optional value = 50 > apply
17. Solution > solve current LS > ok
18. General post processor > plot result > Deformed shaped > Deformed +
Undeformed > Ok.
18. General post processor > plot result > contour plot > nodal solution > stress > von
mises > Ok.
19. List result > reaction solution > Ok
Result:
Thus the stress analysis of rectangular L-bracket with circular hole is obtained.
(i) Maximum stress = 851.518 N/mm2 (ii) Maximum deflection = 1.359 mm.

EX.NO:3

STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXI SYMMETRIC COMPONENT

Aim
To obtain the stress distribution of an axisymmetric component. The model will be that of a
closed tube made from steel. Point loads will be applied at the centre of the top and bottom plate.
Procedure
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > solid 8node 183 > options>
axisymmetric.
4. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3.
5. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions
Rectangle
1
2
3

X1
0
15
0

X2
20
20
20

Y1
0
0
95

Y2
5
100
100

6. Preprocessor > Modeling > operate > Booleans > Add > Areas > pick all > Ok.
7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length
= 2 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all.
8. Solution > Analysis Type>New Analysis>Static
9. Solution > Define loads > Apply .Structural > displacement > symmetry B.C > on
lines. (Pick the two edger on the left at X = 0)
10. Utility menu > select > Entities > select all
11. Utility menu > select > Entities > by location > Y = 50 >ok.
(Select nodes and by location in the scroll down menus. Click Y coordinates and type
50 in to the input box.)
12. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > on key points >
FY > 100 > Pick the top left corner of the area > Ok.
13. Solution > Define Loads > apply > Structural > Force/moment > on key points > FY >
-100 > Pick the bottom left corner of the area > ok.

14. Solution > Solve > Current LS

15. Utility Menu > select > Entities
16. Select nodes > by location > Y coordinates and type 45, 55 in the min., max. box, as
shown below and click ok.
17. General postprocessor > List results > Nodal solution > stress > components SCOMP.
18. Utility menu > plot controls > style > Symmetry expansion > 2D Axisymmetric >
expansion

Result:
Thus the stress distribution of the axisymmetric component is studied.

Ex. No: 4 (a)

STRESS ANALYSIS ON CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO POINT

LOAD

Aim:
To obtain stress analysis of cantilever beam subjected to point load and to determine max. stress and
max. deflection.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3 > close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 &
Height = 10 > Ok
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > nodes > Inactive CS
Node 1
X=0
Y=0
Node 2
X= 20
Y=0
Node 3
X= 40
Y=0
Node 4
X= 60
Y=0
Node 5
X= 80
Y=0
Node 6
X= 100
Y=0

7. List > nodes > coordinate only > ok

8. Preprocessor > modeling > create > elements > Auto numbered thru nodes > select
Node 1 & 2
Node 2 & 3
Node 3 & 4
Node 4 & 5
Node 5 & 6 > ok.
9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on nodes > select node 1 >
apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > ok.
10. Solution > Force/moment > on nodes > node 6 > apply > FY > -100 > ok.
11. Solution > solve > current L.S > ok.
12. General post processor > plot result > deform shape > Deformed + Undeformed > ok.
13. General post processor > element table > define table > add > user table for item
Smax I > by sequence num > NMISC 1 > apply
Smax J > by sequence num > NMISC 3 > apply
Smin I > by sequence num > NMISC 2 > apply
Smin J > by sequence num > NMISC 4 > Ok.
14. Plot result > line element result > Smax I > Smax J > first result >Evaluate table data > Smax
I, Smax J, Smin I, Smin J > Ok.
15. General postprocessor > list result > nodal solution > DOF solution > UY > displacement
result ( Table 2)
16. General postprocessor > contour plot > line element res. > Ok.
Table 1: Element Stresses
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5

SMAXI
N/mm2
600
480
360
240
120

SMAXJ
N/mm2
480
360
240
120
0.1746e-11

SMINI
N/mm2
-600
-480
-360
-240
-120

SMINI
N/mm2
-480
-360
-240
-120
0.1746e +11

Table 2: Displacement Deflection

Nodes
1
2
3
4
5
6

UY
0
-1.0667 e-01
-0.39619 e-01
-0.82286 e-01
-0.13410
-0.19048

Result:
Thus the stress analysis on cantilever beam subjected point load is performed.

Ex. No: 4(b)

STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM.

Aim:
To perform Stress analysis of simply supported beam.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 &
Height = 10 > Ok
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > nodes > Inactive CS
Node 1
X=0
Y=0
Node 2
X= 25
Y=0
Node 3
X= 50
Y=0
Node 4
X= 75
Y=0
Node 5
X= 100
Y=0
17. List > nodes > coordinate only > ok
18. Preprocessor > modeling > create > elements > Auto numbered thru nodes > select
Node 1 & 2
Node 2 & 3

Node 3 & 4
Node 4 & 5
Node 5 & 6 > ok.
19. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on nodes > select node 1 &
node 5 > apply > UY > displacement = 0 > ok.
20. Solution > Force/moment > on nodes > node 3 > apply > FY > -100 > ok.
21. Solution > solve > current L.S > ok.
22. General post processor > plot result > deform shape > Deformed + Undeformed > ok.
23. General post processor > element table > define table > add > user table for item
Smax I > by sequence num > NMISC 1 > Apply
Smax J > by sequence num > NMISC 3 > Apply
Smin I > by sequence num > NMISC 2 > apply
Smin J > by sequence num > NMISC 4 > Ok.
24. Plot result > line element result > Smax I > Smax J > first result >Evaluate table data >
Smax I, Smax J, Smin I, Smin J > Ok.
25. General postprocessor > list result > nodal solution > DOF solution > UY > displacement
result ( Table 2)
26. General postprocessor > contour plot > line element res. > Ok.
Table 1: Element Stresses
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5

SMAXI
N/mm2
0.5457 e-14
7.5
15
15
7.5

Table 2: Displacement Deflection

SMAXJ
N/mm2
7.5
15
7.5
7.5
0

SMINI
N/mm2
- 0.5457 e-14
-7.5
-15
-15
-7.5

SMINI
N/mm2
-7.5
-15
-7.5
-7.5
0

Nodes
1
2
3
4

UY
0
-0.81846 e-2
-0.11905 e-1
-0.81846 e-2

Result:
Thus the stress analysis of simply supported beam is obtained.

Ex. No: 4(c)

STRESS ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM.

Aim:
To perform stress analysis of fixed beam subjected to point load.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 &
Height = 10 > Ok
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2E5, PRXY = 0.3.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > nodes > Inactive CS
Node 1
X=0
Y=0
Node 2
X= 25
Y=0
Node 3
X= 50
Y=0
Node 4
X= 75
Y=0
Node 5
X= 100
Y=0
7. List > nodes > coordinate only > ok
8. Preprocessor > modeling > create > elements > Auto numbered thru nodes > select

Node 1 & 2
Node 2 & 3
Node 3 & 4
Node 4 & 5
Node 5 & 6 > ok.
9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on nodes > select
node 1 & node 5 > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > ok.
10. Solution > Force/moment > on nodes > node 3 > apply > FY > -100 > ok.
11. Solution > solve > current L.S > ok.
12. General post processor > plot result > deform shape > Deformed + Undeformed >
ok.
13. General post processor > element table > define table > add > user table for item
Smax I > by sequence num > NMISC 1 > apply
Smax J > by sequence num > NMISC 3 > apply
Smin I > by sequence num > NMISC 2 > apply
Smin J > by sequence num > NMISC 4 > Ok.
14. Plot result > line element result > Smax I > Smax J > first result >Evaluate table
data > Smax I, Smax J, Smin I, Smin J > Ok.
15. General postprocessor > list result > nodal solution > DOF solution > UY >
displacement result ( Table 2)
16. General postprocessor > contour plot > line element res. > Ok.
Table 1: Element Stresses
S.No.
1
2
3
4

SMAXI
N/mm2
7.503
0.104 e-14
7.503
0

SMAXJ
N/mm2
0
7.503
0
7.503

SMINI
N/mm2
-7.503
-0.104 e-14
-7.503
0

SMINI
N/mm2
0
-7.503
0
-7.503

Table 2: Displacement Deflection

Nodes
1
2
3
4
5

UY
0
-0.14887 e-2
-0.20174 e-2
-0.14887 e-2
0

Result:
Thus the stress analysis of fixed beam is obtained.

Ex. No: 5

MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF 2D PLATE

Aim:
To perform the model frequency analysis on 2D plate.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > Solid 8node 82 > options > plane
stress with thickness > close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > thickness = 1 > Ok
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6.
6. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions
0, 250
0, 75
7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length
= 15 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all.
8. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > modal > OK.
9. Solution > Analysis option > sub space > Ok.
5, 5
10. Solution > define load > apply > structural > displacement > on lines > select left
side line > all DOF > Ok.
11. Solve > current L.S > close
12. General postprocessor > result summary.
13. General postprocessor > first set > plot result > deform shape > deformed +
undeformed > next set > plot result > deformed + undeformed > Ok.

Table :
S.No.

Time/Frequency

1
2
3
4
5

0.93693
4.4734
5.1535
9.9837
15.345

Load Sub
Cumulation
Shape step
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
1
4
4
1
5
5

Result:
Thus the modal frequency analysis on 2D element is performed.

***** INDEX OF DATA SETS ON RESULTS FILE *****

set
1
2
3
4
5

Time /frequency
8.2920
8.2920
53.046
53.046
154.83

Load step
1
1
1
1
1

Sub step
1
2
3
4
5

Cumulative
1
2
3
4
5

Ex. No: 6(a)

MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

Aim:
To obtain the mode frequency analysis on Cantilever beam and to determine its natural
frequency.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 &
Height = 10 > Ok.
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > key points > inactive CS
Key point no.1 = (0, 0)
Key point no.2 = (1000, 0)
7. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > lines > straight lines > select 1&2.
8. Meshing > mesh tool > lines > Element edge length > = 100 mm > mesh > pick all
9. Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal > ok > analysis options > subspace
= 5 > ok.
10. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on key points >
select first point > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > Ok.
11. Solve > current L.S > close
12. General postprocessor > result summary.
13. General postprocessor > read result > first set > Ok.
14. General postprocessor > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed >
Ok.
15. General postprocessor > plot control > animate > modal shape.

Table :
S.No.

Time/Frequency

1
2
3
4
5

8.3
52.011
145.64
285.51
427.54

Load Sub
Cumulation
Shape step
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
1
4
4
1
5
5

Result:
Thus the mode frequency analysis of Cantilever beam is obtained.

Ex. No: 6(b) MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Aim:
To perform the model frequency analysis on simply supported beam.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3 > close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 &
Height = 10 > Ok.
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > key points > inactive CS
Key point no.1 = (0, 0)
Key point no.2 = (1000, 0)
7. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > lines > straight lines > select 1&2.
8. Meshing > mesh tool > lines > Element edge length > = 100 mm > mesh > pick all
9. Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal > ok > analysis options > subspace
= 5 > ok.
10. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on key points >
select first point & second point > apply > UY > displacement = 0 > Ok.
11. Solve > current L.S > close
12. General postprocessor > result summary.
13. General postprocessor > read result > first set > Ok.
14. General postprocessor > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed >
Ok.
15. General postprocessor > plot control > animate > modal shape.

Table :
S.No.

Time/Frequency

1
2
3
4
5

0
23.298
93.191
209.73
373.16

Load Sub
Cumulation
Shape step
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
1
4
4
1
5
5

Result:
Thus the mode frequency analysis of simply supported beam is obtained.

***** INDEX OF DATA SETS ON RESULTS FILE *****

set

Time /frequency

Load step

Sub step

Cumulative

8.3000

32.031

145.84

285.51

472.54

Ex. No: 6(c)

MODEL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FIXED BEAM.

Aim:
To perform the model frequency analysis on Fixed beam.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > beam > 2D elastic 3> close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > Area = 100, Izz = 833.33 &
Height = 10 > Ok.
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > key points > inactive CS
Key point no.1 = (0, 0)
Key point no.2 = (1000, 0)
7. Preprocessor > Modeling > create > lines > straight lines > select 1&2.
8. Meshing > mesh tool > lines > Element edge length > = 100 mm > mesh > pick all
9. Solution > analysis type > new analysis > modal > ok > analysis options > subspace
= 5 > ok.
10. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > displacement > on key points >
select first point & second point > apply > all DOF > displacement = 0 > Ok.
11. Solve > current L.S > close
12. General postprocessor > result summary.
13. General postprocessor > read result > first set > Ok.
14. General postprocessor > plot result > deform shape > deformed + undeformed >
Ok.
15. General postprocessor > plot control > animate > modal shape.

Table:

S.No.

Time/Frequency

1
2
3
4
5

52.815
145.60
282.58
427.71
708.05

Load Sub
Cumulation
Shape step
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
1
4
4
1
5
5

Result:
Thus the mode frequency analysis on fixed beam is performed.

Ex. No: 7

HARMONIC ANALYSIS ON 2D PLATE

Aim:
To perform the harmonic analysis on 2D plate. We conduct a harmonic forced response test
by applying a cyclic load at the end of the plate.
Procedure:
1. Utility Menu > Change Job Name > Enter Job Name.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title > Enter New Title.
2. Preference > Structural > OK.
3. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/ delete > Solid 8node 82 > options > plane
stress with thickness > close.
4. Preprocessor > Real Constant > Add/Edit/Delete > thickness = 1 > Ok
5. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Model > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.068 E5, PRXY = 0.3 & Density = 7.83E-6.
6. Preprocessor>Modeling>create>Areas>Rectangle> By dimensions
0, 250
0, 75
7. Preprocessor > meshing > mesh tool > size control > Areas > Element edge length
= 15 mm > Ok > mesh > Areas > free> pick all.
8. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > harmonic > OK > analysis options >
real + imaginary (full solution method).
9. Solution > define loads > apply > structural > force/moment > on nodes > click
right corner > FY real value = 100 & Imaginary value = 0 > Ok.
10. Solve > current L.S > ok.
11. Load step option > time frequency > frequency & sub steps > 0,200 > 200 >
stepped > Ok.
12. Time history postprocessor > variable viewer > add > nodal solution > DOF
solution > Y-component of displacement > click right corner > ok > graph data >
Ok.
13. Utility Menu > plot controls > style > graphs > modify axis ( change the Y-axis
scale to logarithmic)
14. Utility menu > plot > replot.
Result:
Thus the harmonic analysis on 2D plate is performed.

Ex. No: 8

THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Aim:
To perform the thermal stress analysis of a 2D component.
Procedure:
1. Preference > thermal > Ok.
2. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit /delete > LINK33 (Thermal Mass Link 3D
conduction) > close.
3. Preprocessor > real constant > add > Area = 4e-4
4. Preprocessor > material properties > Material Models > Thermal conductivity > Isotropic
> KXX: 60.5
5.
6. Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS...
Keypoint Coordinates (x, y)
1
(0,0)
2
(1,0)
7. Preprocessor > modeling > create > lines > lines > In active coordinate system > select 1
& 2.
8. Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh tool > Size Controls > Manual Size > element edge
length = 0.1 > mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
9. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write In the window that appears, enter the
TITLE Thermal and click OK.
10. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK
11. Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type (Choose Thermal to Structural from
the scroll down list.)
12. Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic >
Isotropic > EX: 200e9, PRXY: 0.3
13. Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Thermal Expansion
Coefficient > Isotropic > ALPX = 12e-6

14. Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write > In the window that appears, enter the
TITLE Struct.
15. Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static
16. Solution > Physics > Environment > Read > Choose thermal and click OK.
(If the Physics option is not available under Solution, click Unabridged Menu at the bottom of the
Solution menu. This should make it visible).
17. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Keypoints > Set the
temperature of Keypoint 1, the left-most point, to 348 Kelvin.
18. Solution > Solve > Current LS
19. Main Menu > Finish
The thermal solution has now been obtained. If you plot the steady-state temperature on the
link, you will see it is a uniform 348 K, as expected. This information is saved in a file
labelled Jobname.rth, were .rth is the thermal results file. Since the jobname wasn't changed
at the beginning of the analysis, this data can be found as file.rth. We will use these results in
determining the structural effects.
20. Solution > Physics > Environment > Read
Choose struct and click OK.
21. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints > Fix
Keypoint 1 for all DOF's and Keypoint 2 in the UX direction.
22. Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Thermal Analysis
As shown below, enter the file name File.rth. This couple the results from the
solution of the thermal environment to the information prescribed in the structural
environment and uses it during the analysis.
23. Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp
For this set the reference temperature to 273 degrees Kelvin
24. Solution > Solve > Current LS

25. General Postprocessor > Element Table > Define Table > Add > CompStr > By Sequence
Num > LS > LS, 1.
26. General Postprocessor > Element Table > List Elem Table > COMPSTR > Ok.
1. Hand Calculations
Hand calculations were performed to verify the solution found using ANSYS:

As shown, the stress in the link should be a uniform 180 MPa in compression.

Result:
Thus the thermal stress analysis of 2D component is performed and the stress in each element ranges
from -0.180e9 Pa, or 180 MPa in compression.

Ex. No: 9

CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF 2D COMPONENT

Aim:
This tutorial was created to solve a simple conduction problem. The thermal conductivity (k)
of the material is 10 w/m C and the block is assumed to be infinitely long.
Procedure:
1. Preference > thermal > Ok.
2. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit /delete > Select thermal mass solid, Quad 4 node
55 (Plane 55) > close.
3. Preprocessor > material properties > Material Models > Thermal conductivity > Isotropic
> KXX = 10 (thermal Conductivity )
4. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X = 0, Y = 0,
width = 1, Height = 1 > Ok.
5. Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh tool > Size Controls > Manual Size > element edge
length = 0.05 > mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
6. Solution > Analysis type > New analysis > steady state > Ok.
7. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On nodes
a. Click the box option and draw a box around the nodes on the top line.
b. Fill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a const. temperature of 500.
c. Using the same method, constrain the remaining 3 sides to a constant value of 100.
8. Solution > solve > Current LS.
9. General Preprocessor > Plot results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF solution >
nodal temperature (TEMP) > Ok.

Result:
Thus conductive heat transfer analysis is performed.

Ex. No: 10

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF 2D COMPONENT

Aim:
To perform the thermal analysis on a given block with convective heat transfer coefficient (h)
of 10 W/m C and the thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m C.
Procedure:
1. Preference > thermal > Ok.
2. Preprocessor > Element type > Add/edit /delete > Select thermal mass solid, Quad 4 node
55 (Plane 55) > close.
3. Preprocessor > material properties > Material Models > Thermal conductivity > Isotropic
> KXX = 10 (thermal Conductivity )
4. Preprocessor > modeling > create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X = 0, Y = 0,
width = 1, Height = 1 > Ok.
5. Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh tool > Size Controls > Manual Size > element edge
length = 0.05 > mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
6. Solution > Analysis type > New analysis > steady state > Ok.
7. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > on lines > click the top of
the rectangular box > temperature > 500 > apply > click the left side of the rectangular
box > ok > temperature > 100 > Ok.
8. Solution > Define loads > Apply > Thermal > convection > on lines > click the right side
of the rectangular box > Ok.
9. Solve > current L.S > Ok.
10. General Preprocessor > Plot results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF solution >
nodal temperature (TEMP) > Ok.

Result:
Thus convective heat transfer analysis is performed.