Professional Documents
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Physiological effects:
The physiological effects vary with different wavelengths but most
ultraviolet lamps emit multiple wavelengths.
* General effects:
It has beneficial effects, which appear in the treatment of patients
suffering from debility and children who are under-weight. It has a tonic
effect as it improves appetite, nervousness, irritability and sleeplessness.
* Local effects:
a)
Erythema reaction:
When ultraviolet is absorbed in the skin, it causes chemical
b)
damaged cells.
c)
Desquamation:
There is casting of dead cells from the surface of the body. The
amount of peeling varies with the strength of irradiation. After firstdegree erythema, there is no peeling, while after the second degree, there
is fine powdery peeling. Moreover, after the third or the fourth degree
erythema, there is free peeling.
d)
Pigmentation:
Ultraviolet rays of wavelengths between 2.900 and 3.100 A are
Contraindications:
* Photosensitive individuals:
Those are patients who have sensitive skin, which reacts strongly
to irritation. These individuals may develop headache, nausea, vomiting
and rise of temperature.
* Photosensitive treatments:
Ultraviolet should not be applied to an area, which has been
recently subjected to X-ray therapy. A period of six months should elapse
after X-ray therapy before application of ultraviolet to the same area.
* Certain diseases:
- Pulmonary tuberculosis.
- Severe cardiac disturbances.
- Severe diabetes.
- Acute dermatitis or acute eczema.
- Nephritis.
- Addisons disease (light sensitive).
Dangers and precautions:
- Conjunctivitis:
Exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet rays causes conjunctivitis. So,
special glasses should protect the eyes of both the patients and the
physical therapist.
- Overdose:
The skin becomes red, painful and sore and there may be nausea
and vomiting. In this case, infrared should be applied immediately to the
area over-irradiated by ultraviolet. This is because infrared erythema
reduces the effect of ultraviolet erythema. Cold cream or calamine lotion
should be applied later, if the case is not relieved.
- Burns:
They result from directly touching the lamp. So, the patient should
be instructed not to move before removal of the lamp.
Treatment procedures:
1.
- Utilizing the volar surface of the patients forearm, change the position
of the cardboard hole to examine other areas, with increments of 15
seconds each.
- Reexamine the skin in 4 - 8 hours for comparison to detect the MED.
2.
- The usual distance between the lamp and the skin is ranging between 24
and 30 inches at an angle of 90.
- Further angulation at the same distance requires increased dosage of
about 10%.
- Less distance necessitates reduced dosages and vice versa.
4.