SINGAPORE STANDARD CP 20 : 1999 (ICs 91.220) CODE OF PRACTICE FOR Suspended scaffolds All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this Singapore ‘Standard may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, ‘electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilming, without permission in writing from the Singapore Productivity and Standards Board at the address below: Director Centre for Standardisation Singapore Productivity and Standards Board 1 Science Park Drive Singapore 118221 Telephone: 2786666 Telefax: 2786665 Email: cfs@psb.gov.sg ISBN 9971-67-768-7CP 20: 1999 SS ‘This Singapore Standard was approved by the Construction Industry Practice Committee on behalf of the Standards Council of Singapore on 30 November 1999. First published, 1981 First revision, 1999 ‘The Construction Industry Practice Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of the following members: Name Chairman Secretary Mr Lam Siew Wah Ms Tan Sock Cheng Er. Ang Chee Keong Mr Boo Geok Kwang Mr Chee Keng Yam Mr Giam Siang Hai Mr Ho Siong Hin Er. Hui Beng Hong Mr Paul Low Khoon Hock Mr Neo Poh Kok Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye Mr Gilbert Tan Peng Cheng Mr Jimmy Tsen Chee Nam ‘Assoc Prof Yip Woon Kwong Dr Jimmy Chen Wie Ying Mr lan Lander Dr Lau Yat Sun Organisation ‘Standards Council ‘Singapore Productivity and Standards Board Institution of Engineers Singapore Singapore Civil Defence Force Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore ‘Singapore Contractors Association Limited Department of industrial Safety Institution of Engineers Singapore ‘Singapore Institute of Architects Housing & Development Board National University of Singapore ‘Singapore Confederation of Industries PWD Corporation Pte Ltd ‘Nanyang Technological University Individual Capacity Individual Capacity Individual Capacity ‘The Technical Committee on Construction Practice appointed by the Construction Industry Practice Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard, consists of representatives from the following organisations: Name Chairman = Mr Giam Siang Hai Secretary = Mr Christopher Ow Mun Kit Members MrHo Seow Ban ‘Assoc Prof Lim Ewe Chye Er, Low Kam Fook Mr Mak Kwok Leong Mr Ng Chooi Choon Organisation ‘Member of Construction Industry Practice Committee Singapore Productivity and Standards Board Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers ‘Nanyang Technological University Institution of Engineers Singapore Housing & Development Board Building and Construction AuthorityCP 20: 1999 Mr Tan Chong Lin Mr Joseph Teow Mr Wan Tong Wah Members Members: MrMichael Ho Boon Thong Mr Yap Guan Hwa PWD Corporation Pte Ltd Singapore Institute of Architects Ministry of Manpower Individual Capacity Building and Construction Authority ‘The Working Group appointed by the Technical Committee to assist in the preparation of this standard consists of the following members: Name Convenor : Mr Wan Tong Wah Members: Mr Cheng Yong Hwa Mr Ho Seow Ban Mr Leong Yee Thye, Harry ‘Mr Lim Ah Yew Ms Tay Ah Ching Organisation ‘Member of Technical Committee Hock Keng Heng Pte Lid Member of Technical Committee Hamical Engineering Services Sante Scaffolding Pte Ltd Housing & Development Board(blank page) 4CP 20: 1999 ST Contents Pa Foreword 6 CODE OF PRACTICE CODE OF PRACTICE 1 General 7 2 Considerations common to all suspended scaffolds 10 3 Hinged suspended scaffolds 8 4 Independent suspended scaffolds 19 5 Multitevel suspended scaffolds 19 FIGURES: 1 Counterweight outrigger system 24 2 Adjustable parapet clamps with tie-back to columns or roof beams 2 3 Bolted down outrigger system 23 4 Hinged suspended scaffold 24 f 5 _ Independent suspended scaffold 25 " 6 Muti-level suspended scaffold 26CP 20: 1995 Foreword This revised code of practice was prepared by the Technical Committee on Construction Practice under the direction of the Construction Industry Practice Committee. Ithas been prepared to provide a set of criteria for the evaluation of the adequacy of suspended scaffolds used in Singapore. The principal function of a suspended scaffold is to provide a safe means of access for workers carrying ‘out work at height, as well as to provide a secure foothold. Therefore the design criteria are formulated primarily withthe safety of personnel in mind It is hoped that this publication will in no way hinder other innovations nor discourage the use of new systems, methods, components or materials. This code is based on BS 5974:1990 - ‘Code of practice for temporarily installed suspended scaffolds and access equipment’ and reproduced by permission of the British Standards Institution, British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, United Kingdom, In preparing this code, reference was also made to The Factories (Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) Regulations. ‘Acknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above publications. NOTE 1 ‘Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and new technical developments. The revisions of Singapore Standards are announced through the issue of either amendment slips or revised editions. 2 Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users from legal obligations.CP 20: 1999 Cd Code of practice for suspended scaffolds 1 General 14.1 Scope 44.4 This code of practice is intended to establish the minimum safety requirements for the construction, operation, maintenance, and use of working platforms suspended by wire ropes and capable of being raised and lowered by mechanical or manual operated winches and climbing devices. 4.1.2. In this code, the word ‘shall indicates a requirement that is to be adopted in order to comply with the code, while the word ‘should’ indicates a recommended practice. 4.4.3 Chains are excluded from this code. References shall be made to relevant standards if required. NOTE — The tes of the publications referred to in this standard are listed at the end of the standard, 1.2 Definitions 1.24 Climbing device AA iting equipment through which the rope passes, controlled either by friction grips or by turns of the rope round drums within the machine, the lower end of the rope not being anchored. 1.22 Counterweight ‘A weight or series of weights to counterbalance the overtuming forces on the roof rig and provide the required factor of safety. 1.23 Outrigger ‘The assembly of beams, joists, tubular scaffold framework or proprietary brackets to which the upper ‘ends of the suspension members are secured. 1.24 Fulcrum point ‘The point of pivoting nearest to the outside edge of the roof rig about which the balancing moments of the roof rig are calculated. 1.2.5 Maximum total suspended load ‘The maximum force which can be imposed on the roof rg including the safe working load on the platform, the self weight of the platform and the suspension and safety ropes together with any portion of the ‘means of suspension and the rope tensions, plus any extra force resulting from the operation of the equipment and environmental loads. 5 1.26 Projection length ‘The length of that portion of the outrigger between the fulcrum point and the point of suspension, where there are two suspension points, midway between the two.1.2.7 Safe working load ‘The maximum allowable working load on the equipment during use (refer to clause 2.1.3). 1.28 Suspended scaffold It means a scaffold suspended by means of ropes and capable of being raised or lowered but does not include a boatswain's chair or similar appliance. 4.29 Suspension rope ‘The ropes carrying the weight of the working platform and the imposed load thereon. 1.2.40 Safety rope Rope(s) not normally carrying the weight of the working piatform and the imposed load thereon but rigged in conjunction with a safely device to come into operation in the event of a failure of the suspension rope(s). 1.2.41 Lever arms ‘The distances between the fulcrum point and the centre of gravity of any weights, including the self - weight of the roof rig. 1.2.42 Toeboard A board set on edge used to prevent tools, materials or feet from slipping off the platform. 4.2.43, Winch ‘Aifting machine in which the hoist rope is anchored to and reeled onto a drum. 1.2.44 Independent working platform ‘A separate platform by itsetf. 1.2.45 Hinged continuous working platforms ‘A working platform of several sections hinged together enabling operatives to walk from one section to another. 1216 Safety device A device or devices acting on a separate safety rope, which will arrest and sustain a suspended scaffold in the event ofthe failure of a suspension rope. 1.3. Materials 1.3.1 Steel tubes and fittings All tubes and fittings should comply with SS 311. Tubes shall be free from cracks, surface flaws, lamination and other defects, and the ends shall be cut cleanly and square with the axis of the tube and sharp edges or burrs removed.CP 20: 1999 —_———— 1.3.2 Aluminium scaffold tubes. ‘Although these tubes are dimensionally interchangeable with steel tubes, it is undesirable to use both types in the same structure, owing to the difference in the elastic constants of the two materials which results in greater deflections in aluminium tubes for the same loading conditions. 1.3.3 Steel wire ropes Steel wire ropes shall be at not less than 8 mm diameter and should comply with SS 297. The maximum load applied to a steel wire suspension rope shall not exceed 1/6 of its breaking strength. Only galvanised steel wire ropes are to be used. ‘There shall be no joint in the wire ropes. 1.34 Fibre ropes Natural or artificial fibre ropes shall not be used. 1.3.5 Other materials All other materials should comply with the appropriate Singapore Standard, British Standard or any other standard approved by the relevant authority 1.4 Care of materials 144 General Proper and systematic inspection and maintenance of materials used in the construction of suspended scaffolds should be carried out regularly by a competent person. Frequency of inspection depends on the working condition but should not be less frequent than once a week. ‘When not in use all materials should be kept in protected storage. Particular attention should be given to the wire rope, especially after use with corrosive agents e.g. acids, cleaning compounds, which might affect their strength, and if affected, such ropes shall not be used again. 142 Tubes Tubes are normally covered with a protective coating such as paint or hot-dip galvanising, and care should be taken that this coat is maintained to prevent excessive deterioration. 14.2.1 Unprotected steel should not be used where atmospheric corrosion rates are high. 14.2.2. Work hardening, which can lead to brittleness, occurs during each bending and straightening operation. Bending and straightening operation should therefore only be carried out under supervision of ‘a competent person. Where the section of the tube is deformed, the affected length shall be cut out 1.4.2.3 All tubes should be regularly inspected and cleaned. Cleaning should be carried out by scrapping, brushing or other abrasive methods. Where necessary, the protective coating should be replaced. 143° Fittings Al ftings should be examined regularly and moving parts well lubricated to ensure easy and positive movement. Heat should not be applied except by the manufacturers, 14.3.4. Care should be taken following any treatment involving special cleaning processes or deposits of protective material to ensure that threads have retained their shape and size.CP 20: 1999 ed 1.44 Wire rope Wire rope should be so handled and stored as to prevent kinks and shall be maintained to prevent corrosion. Ropes with the following defects shall not be used a) ropes with kinks; b) when the total number of visible broken wires exceeds 5 per cent of the total number of wires in the rope in any length of ten diameters of the rope; c) —_when the wires on the crown of the strands are worn down to less than 60 per cent of the original cross-sectional area; ¢) when by visual inspection, the rope shows marked signs of corrosion; and ©) when any combination of broken wires and abrasion have reduced the original strength of the ‘ope to 80 per cent or less. 2 Considerations common to all suspended scaffolds 24 Design loading 241.1 General ‘The design of the working platform, suspension points and members of the suspension systems should be based on the rope tensions and load outputs of the suspension systems, taking into account of the load output of any lifting systems used in the suspension systems. 2.4.2 In the case of independent suspended scaffold, the design of all parts should take into ‘consideration the possible grouping of workers, materials and tools to one end of the platform. Such ‘condition should also be used in the stabil calculation of the platform. In the case of hinged suspended scaffold, the load applied to the suspension system at the hinge between two working platforms of both platforms added together on the assumption that they have accumulated beneath the suspension system ‘Supporting the hinge between the platforms. 24.3 Safe working load The safe working load on an individual platform is the maximum load which may be placed on the platform having regard to its strength and to the amount and distribution of the load and to the Ccounterweighting of the roof rig. The safe working load on a hinged continuous platform having a series of suspension points is the maximum load which may be placed in any one bay having regard to its strength and to the amount and distribution of the load and to the counterweighting of the roof rig. 2.1.4 Rope tension The rope tension on which the choice of the suspension rope is made should be based on the summation of the following: 2) _That portion of the self-weight of the platform and any lifting equipment attached to it acting on the suspension rope, plus the setf-weight ofthat portion of the suspension rope hanging below its upper point of contact with the roof rig including that portion of it reeled onto a winch on the platform or hanging beneath it through a climbing device and any stabilising weight attached thereto; 10CP 20: 1999 b) The maximum load resulting in the suspension rope from the approved number of operatives and associated imposed loads grouped together or adjacent to it or in a cantilevered portion of the deck; ©) ()__Amallowance for impact resulting from the operation of the winch or climbing device of such impacts as recommended by the manufacturers but with a minimum factor as indicated below: ‘Types of Suspension Impact factor expressed as a percentage of the ‘sum of (a) and (b) ‘Manually operated winches or lifting devices on | 10 wire rope Power operated winches or cimbing devices on | 25 wire rope The above criteria should also be used when choosing a safety rope, with the exception that the following allowance in (i) should replace that in () above, in those cases where the value of (i) is higher than that of (i). (i) _Anallowance for the impact load imposed by the operation of any safety device. Where the suspension rope is reeved through pulleys, calculation of the rope tension should take into account the cumulative friction loss arising from the rope reeving system and the number of parts of rope. 4) Environmental factors. 2.4.5 Maximum total suspended load Whatever the arrangement of the suspension rope or its pulley system or its travelling track assembly, the maximum total suspended load is the maximum load at the top of the system which can apply an ‘overtuming moment or a direct pull on a roof rig. The maximum total suspended load should be calculated from the rope tension as in 2.1.4, and modified where necessary to take into account the pulley system with the further additions listed below: 2) the weight ofthe travelling track and trolleys and its suspension gear ; b) the additional loads which may result from the difference in spacing of the outriggers from the spacing of the suspension ropes which may occur in travelling systems ; ©) The increased loads derived from two suspension ropes from two platforms travelling together under one outrigger (this situation may be avoided by fiting intermediate stop ends on the trolley track and mounting two outriggers above them, each with its own counterweights as structural attachments) 22 Design of anchorage systems 2.2.1 Stability against overturning using counterweights ‘The factor of safety against overturning shall not be less than the greatest of the following values: a) 3 based on the maximum overturning moment, resulting from the combined load specified in Paragraph 2.1.4 b) 1.25 based on the maximum overturning moment resulting from the rope tension which can be exerted by the winch or climber operating through an overload clutch or other mechanical load limiting device; and "CP 20: 1999 ©) 1.33 based on the maximum overtuming moment resulting from the rope tension which can be exerted by the winch or climber operating through an electrical or thermal load limiting device or which can be exerted by the winch or climber when it stalls due to excessive load if itis not fitted with an ‘overload clutch or other load-limiting device. 2.2.2 Outriggers shall be at not more than 3.2 metres apart whatever the system is used. 2.2.24 There shall be adequate weight in the lever arm and where necessary supplemented by the addition of weights secured to it. 2.2.22 All weights attached shall be so secured as to discourage and prevent unauthorised persons from removing any of the weights. ‘The materials used for counterweights are such that they cannot be removed or discharged accidentally. ‘Water and sand should not be used as counterweight. 2.2.2.3 A factor of safety against overtuming of atleast 3 shall be used. 2.2.2.4 Agreement should be reached between the supplier and the user on the maximum imposed load (including uplift for the system. The proposed loading to be imposed on the building should be approved by the building owner or his architect or structural engineer before such loads are applied. 2.2.2.5 Outriggers and associated members shall be designed to carry the applied loads. 2.2.2.6 Examples of counterweight outriggers are shown in Figures 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and te. 2.2.3 Roof hooks and parapet wall clamps systems In this type of anchorage great care shall be exercised to ensure that the point of anchorage can withstand the stresses imposed. 2.2.3.4 In general, this system is not recommended for masonry and brick-wall, 2.2.3.2 This system should be used together with sufficient tieback anchored at the roof beams or intemal columns of the building. The tieback wire rope shall at all times be in sufficient tension. A tumbuckle or other simitar devices shall be incorporated in the tiebacks. 2.2.3.3 Any packing used should be securely clamped. Care should be taken in providing an adequate bearing and packing at the fulcrum point and beneath standards and struts. 2.2.3.4 Examples of this system are illustrated in Figures 2a and 2b, 2.24 Bolted down anchorages When the outriggers are to be bolted down or fastened to the roof or floor slab, the whole system of anchorage shall be designed by a professional engineer. An example of this type of anchorage is shown in Figure 3. 2.2.5 Anchorage incorporating a travelling mechanism ‘Anchorage incorporating a traveling mechanism would afford the suspended scaffold translational movement along the face of the building. This could be done with the tracks inside the building or the tracks suspended from the outriggers. The dynamic load due to the travelling mechanism should be included in the design of the anchorage system. 12CP 20: 1999 Cl 2.2.6.4 Tracks within bullding This system consists of a counterweight moving on tracks which are installed in the building, The structural soundness of the outrigger and the amount of counterweight required should be considered. An overall safety factor of at least 3 shall be used. A sketch of this system is shown in Figure te. 2.2.8.2 Securing the track The track should be suspended from outriggers by using a shackle or other purpose designed fiting, not exceeding 370 mm from the face of the building or structure. If tracks are joined, means should be provided for joining the tracks so as to allow the trolleys to travel ‘smoothly over the joint. 2.2.5.3 Joining tracks ‘Sections of track may be connected together by load bearing connections and supported by a single outrigger at each joint. Alternatively, where the track is joined and the connections are not load bearing, teach section of the track should be supported on separate outriggers positioned not more than 450 mm from each side of the joint and the outriggers connected together. The spacing of the outrigger should be determined by consideration of the type of track and outrigger employed. ‘An outrigger should be positioned not more than 450 mm from the end of each section of track, and three or more supports may be required for each section of track as determined by calculation. 2.2.54 End stop Whatever system is used, a limit switch and an end stop shall be provided to prevent the travelling mechanism from running off the end of the track. The end stop shall be designed to absorb the impact of the traveling mechanism with the suspended load. 2.3. Suspension members 2.3.1 Damage to wire rope ‘Where a load is transferred from a wire rope to an anchorage point, care should be taken to prevent damage to the rope. 2.3.2 Attachment point ‘Where an armoured eye is not provided at the end of the rope, the rope may be made up round a thimble, thus permitting attachment to a shackle. The thimble should be in accordance with BS 464, In all cases, it is most important that the rope is not bent too sharply especially around the comers of structural steel or concrete columns. In such circumstances suitable packing should be used. 2.3.3 All hooks, shackles and other fittings subjected to tension or shear, shall be dropforged or formed by any other means approved by the relevant authority. No deformed hooks, shackles and other fittings shall be used. 2.3.3.1 No hooks shall be used for suspension unless they are provided with an efficient device to prevent accidental displacement of hooks. A hook latch shall not be used. 2.3.4 _Ifclips are used as ropes fastenings, the U-bolt of the clips shall be placed over the short end of the rope. 13CP 20: 1999 CS 2.3.8 When a winch operated platform unit is at its lowest level, there shall be at least two tums of the wire rope on each drum. 2.3.5.1 The free end of the suspension rope shall have a minimum length of three metres after installation, 24 — Decking and framing 244° Decking All decking shall be supported and fixed to the frame so as to prevent accidental displacement either in use or due to the wind. Except to the extent necessary for drainage, the platform shall be closely boarded, planked or plated. Any gap in the platform shall not exceed 6 mm in width. The platform shall be of sound material and the surface shall be non-siip. 2.4.2 Framing of the platform ‘The framing of the platform shall be of sufficient strength so as not to be excessively deformed during Use. Deflection shalll be at not more than 1/150 of the span or 17 mm whichever is smaller. 24.3 _ The clear width of the working platform shall be at not less than 635 mm and not more than 750 mm. 244 Distance from the face of the building or structure ‘The working platform should be so arranged or secured such that at each working position, the edge of the platform (whether of the normal platform or of an extension thereof towards the building or structure as the case may be) is as close as practicable to the face of the building or structure, but so that where workers sit at the edge of the platform to work, the edge shall be at not more than 460 mm from such face. 2.8 Guardrail and toeboard 25.1 Guardrail and toeboard are important to prevent persons from falling as well as to prevent the falling of materials and tools, These shall be provided all round the platform, 25.2 Guardrails and toeboards shall not be placed on the outside of the supports. They shall be ‘securely fixed to prevent outward and downward moverent. 25.3 Guardrail test No guardrail shall fracture or show any permanent deformation when a 50-kg weight is hung on its centre point and the platform of the cradle is titllated at an angle of 30°. 254 Toprail Toprail shall be fitted at not less than 1.10 m and not more than 1.15 m above the platform. Where the toprail interferes with working, this height shall be reduced to not less than 700 mm at the working place. 25.5 Midrail Midrail shall be at not more than 690 mm above the top of the toeboard. 14CP 20: 1999 en riety 2.5.6 Toeboard Toeboard shall be at least 200 mm high above the decking. 26 Marking The safe working load of the suspended scaffold shall be clearly indicated in languages readily Understood by intending workers. In indicating the safe working load, it is recommended that the ‘equivalent number of workers and amount of material allowed on the scaffold be specified. 2.7 Lifting appliances, lifting gears, winches and climbing devices 2.7.1 The lifting capacity of winches and climbing devices and the safe working load of lifting gear, such as shackles, shall be adequate for the intended load and should comply with the relevant statutory requirement of Factories Act. 2.7.2. Maximum Iifting capacity {f the load on the motors is at any time in excess of three times that required for lifting the working platform with its rated load, the hoist motor shall stall. 2.7.3 All climbing devices and winches shall be provided with a manual device which will enable workers to move the scaffold down in the event of a power failure, 2.7.4 The control for the power unit and hence the climbing device shall be such that when manual pplication is released, the power unit will stop 2.7.5 Speed of climbing and lowering The speed of climbing and lowering shall be such that undue swinging is avoided. The winches and climbers shall be of adequate capacity to raise and lower the platform and its safe working load at a speed not exceeding 0.17 mis for temporarily installed suspended scaffold and 0.34 rvs for permanently installed suspended scaffold 2.7.6 Petrol or diesel operated winches or climbers shall not be used for suspended scaffold, Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrically operated winches or climbers may be used. 2.7.7 _ Permanently installed suspended scaffold shall be fitted with safety devices on the winches or climbers to limit the maximum load in the suspension load to a nominal 50% above the safe working load of the scaffold. Such devices can be slipping clutches or load sensing devices. 28 Brake 2.8.1 Primary brake Each electric power-operated climbing device shall be provided with a primary brake that automatically engages whenever power to the prime mover is interrupted, 2.8.1.1 The primary brake shall be rated to stop and hold 125 per cent of the rated load of the climbing device. 2.8.1.2 Each primary brake shall be directly connected to the drive train of the climbing device and not by using belts, pins, clutches, roller chains or rollers. 15CP 20: 1999 Cee ee EEE 28.2 Secondary brake Each climbing device shall be provided with an automatic emergency type secondary brake that will stop ‘and hold 125 per cent of the rated load of the climbing device. If such a secondary brake is of the instantaneous stopping type, it shall stop and hold its total load before the device travels a vertical distance of 450 mm. If such a secondary brake is of the deceleration type, it shall stop and hold its total load before the hoist travels a vertical distance of 1.2m. 2.8.2.1. The secondary brake shall act directly on the suspension wire rope on a traction type device. On ‘a winding drum type device, the secondary brake shall act either on the suspension wire rope or on the drum or drum extension ‘Secondary brakes shall be independent ofthe drive trains on all climbing devices, 2.8.2.2 The secondary brake shall not be used to stop and hold the hoist except under emergency conditions. In normal operation, such a brake shall not engage before the primary brake stops the device. 2.8.2.3 Every secondary brake shall be periodically tested. 28.3 Overspeed protector Provisions shall be included such that in the event of an overspeed, the brake shall engage and sustain the load, 2.8.4 Emergency crank handles for manual operation The emergency crank handles shall always be fixed to the machine or be ready on the suspended scaffold unit before the scaffold is used. 2.9 Testing procedures 2.9.1 Testing shall be carried out at commissioning and annually thereafter. 2.9.2 Testing to maximum safe working load A test load equal to the safe working load of the suspended scaffold shall be applied to it in the direction of lowering for at least 6 m. The braking device shall arrest and sustain the load in any position. 29.3 Test for system safety factor while working ‘Atest load equal to 1.5 the safe working load shall be applied to the suspended scaffold and it shall then be operated unti the slowest revolving part of the climbing mechanism had moved through at least one ‘evolution in each direction, There shall be no permanent deformation of any part. 2.9.4 _Astatic load equal to 2 times the safe working load shall be applied to the suspended scaffold No part of the whole system shall fal, but temporary deformation of any part of the system shall not constitute failure. 29.5 Drop tests shall be carried out to test the secondary brakes to the safe working load and to test the safety devices mentioned in paragraph 2.8.2. 2.9.6 Safety considerations during test 2.9.6.1 Workers shall not be used as test load 16CP 20: 1999 el 2.9.6.2. No worker shall be on the scaffold during test other than the workers required to operate the climbing devices. An independent lifeline for anchorage of safety belts shall be provided to the operators, during the test. 2.9.6.3 When conducting overtoad or static load test, the area under which the testis to be carried out shall be cleared of all persons, 2.9.7 Schedule of load test Every suspended scaffold shall be subjected to a load test and to be carried out at the site of installation: a) when first brought into use in a worksite or factory; b) _after major repairs or alterations affecting the safe working load; ©) _affter any changes to the design of the suspended scaffold, suspended members, outrigger or anchorage system; d) once in every 2 years, 2.40 Inspection 2.10.1. Suspended scaffold shall be thoroughly examined at least once in every period of twelve months bby an approved person under the Factories Act. 2.40.2 Suspended scaffold shall be inspected at least once in every seven days and after every ‘exposure to conditions likely to have affected its strength or stability or to have any of its parts displaced. 2.40.3 Any defect discovered shall be effectively remedied immediately. 2.11 Tying-in-system to prevent excessive swinging 2.44.4 When in use, a suspended scaffold should be prevented from any swinging movement both Parallel and perpendicular to the face of the building or structure. Undue free swinging may cause danger to workers on the platform, 2.44.2. Permanent guides, suction cups, rollers or any other approved systems Where any of these are provided as alternative tying-in system, they shall be specially designed by a Professional Engineer and fixed to the building or structure. 242 General safety precautions 2.12.1. Workers should be fully instructed as to the operations of the suspended platform. They should be adequately supervised whenever practicable. The area beneath the suspended scaffold should be cordoned off while the suspended scaffold is in operation. 2.12.2 Safety belt and anchorage All workers working on a suspended scaffold shall be provided with safety belts. They shall be instructed to anchor their safety belt to a lifeline, which is independent of the suspended scaffold. 2.42.3 Safety helmets All workers working on a suspended scaffold shall be instructed to wear safety helmets which shall be in accordance with SS 98. 7| i ( ( ( ( ( CP 20: 1999 SS 2.424 Work in inclement weather No work shall be carried out in a suspended scaffold during inclement weather. 2.12.8 No moving parts shall be exposed to pose as hazard to workers. 2.42.6 Access to the suspended scaffold ‘Workers should access the suspended scaffold on the ground as far as possible 242.7 On completion of work, all switches shall be turned off and the electrical supply shall be disconnected from the suspended scaffold at the outlet 243 Electrical installations 2.13.1 All electrical installations in building and engineering construction worksites shall comply with the requirements of: a) the Electricity Regulations, and b) the Public Utilities (Electricity Supply) Regulations. 2.43.2 All electrical installations shall be tested and approved by the Chief Electrical Engineer of the Public Utilities Board, or his representative or by any electrical worker before they are commissioned and ‘such installations shall be maintained in good and safe working order. The term “electrical worker" shall have the same meaning as in the Electrical Workers and Contractors Licensing Act. 2.13.3 Support for electric cables Electric cables supplying power to the winches and climbers on the suspended scaffold shall be so arranged that the cable weight will not be on the power connections, 3 Hinged suspended scaffolds 3.4 Description ‘Ahinged continuous platform is a series of demountable units hinged together at their ends in such a way that operatives have access past the hinges along the continuous platform. Itis suspended at the hinges. ‘on one or two wire ropes in such a manner that the units can be raised or lowered either together or in any articulated manner to give access to different levels of a building, 3.2 Design, loading and dimensions 3.21 The lifing devices may occupy portions of the working platform provided that this does not impede the access from one unit to the other. 3.2.2. When the working platform units are in use, the gap between the units shall not exceed 25 mm. 3.3 Method of operation 3.3.1 The working platform should be raised and lowered in such a manner that the deck remains approximately horizontal in the direction at right angles to the building and its inclination along the face of the building or structure during moving shall not be greater than 1 in 6. 18CP 20: 1999 3.3.2. A platform unit may be maintained in a steeper inclined position when used as a ramp. Where the slope is more than 1 in 4, stepping laths shall be provided for the full width of the platform, except, where necessary they may be interrupted over width of not more than 100 mn. 3.4 Limitations 3.4.1 Any proprietary equipment should be erected and used strictly in accordance with ‘manufacturer's instructions. 3.4.2 Special regard should be given to the use of safety devices provided by the manufacturer of the ‘equipment. 3.4.3 Where modifications are made or special equipment is to be incorporated, the designer should give these and the manufacturer should be consulted. The equipment after having any alteration made ‘shall be inspected and passed by an approved person under the Factories Act before use. 4 Independent suspended scaffolds 44 Description 4.1.1. An independent suspended scaffold is a working platform unit supported at each end by wire rope. The platform is normally raised or lowered by a liting appliance and gear or a cimbing device near each ‘end. The wire ropes may be suspended from fixed points or from a traversing trolley on a track They are generally used for access to light work e.g. plastering, decorating, fixing sheeting, etc. A sketch Cf one of this type of scaffold can be found in Figure 5. 4.2 Method of operation 4.2.1 When the suspended scaffold is supported by two or more winches or climbing devices, these winches/ciimbing devices shall be operated simultaneously to avoid the platform being raised at one end relative to the other. If possible, synchronising means should be incorporated so that the winches/climbers are operated simuttaneousl. 4.3 Limitations ‘The recommendations in 3.4 are applicable here. 5 Multitevel suspended scaffolds 5.1 Description 5.1.1 _A multilevel suspended scaffold consists of two or more platforms arranged one on top of the other. The platform at the lower level shall be securely attached to the one at the higher level by means of structural members. All platforms shall be suspended by the same wire rope as can be seen in Figure 6. Multi-level suspended scaffolds are often used in operations which require work to be done ‘simultaneously at several levels e.g. fixing of sheet metals to frames in cladding operations. 5.1.2 Safe access shall be provided if workers are required to move from one level to another. 19CP 20: 1999 a 5.2 Method of operation Recommendations in 4.2 are applicable here. 5.3 Limitations Recommendations in 3.4 are applicable here. 20CP 20: 1999 ie Faget Lynn Fi edn ypc pen Fare npn d pte . Fe ep ence . 5 s NL Tepe te lg a ecm shalt less tune neste pra of pring a be ‘ a ceed bd ie = J] 8x ( emia i wich ye apd de ig ern Free hep gen nas Fae Contenido sen aCP 20: 1999 ————— APPENDIX B Tofebedkb coking, et ‘epi nud mk 0 6 Figure 2 Adsl pret aps wi eb cums ca beans 22CP 20: 1999 ee APPENDIX C Figre3 Bed ou cut sen 23CP 20: 1999 APPENDIX D Doge opus poy aniy os] Sc a( =: 1 1 ie pte nigCP 20: 1999 APPENDIX E ‘Saponte we Figure 5 ndependent suspended scoCP 20: 1999 —_—_————_— APPENDIX F 26‘Standards referred to: BS 464: 1958 SS 98: 1997 ‘SS 297 : 1996 $8311: 1994 ‘Specification for thimbles for wire ropes, ‘Specification for industrial safety helmets ‘Specification for steel wire ropes for hoisting ‘Specification for steel tubes and fitings used in tubular scaffolding a7