International Journal of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering Research (IJEEER)

ISSN 2250-155X
Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 309-318
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SVPWM AND FUZZY CONTROLLED HYBRID ACTIVE

POWER FILTER
JARUPULA SOMLAL1, M. VENU GOPALA RAO2 & M ANUSHA PRIYA3
1

Associate Professor, EEE Department, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

2

Professor, EEE Department, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

M.Tech Student, EEE Department, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates on performance analysis and control methods of Hybrid Active Power Filters using Space
Vector PWM and Adaptive Fuzzy based controllers for mitigating the harmonics, improving power factor there by
conditioning the power of a distribution system. In Space Vector PWM technique, reference voltage vector of Active
Power Filter (APF) is generated rather the reference current, and the required output voltage of APF is generated by
SVPWM. In Fuzzy based Hybrid filter, Proportional plus Integral (PI) control unit and fuzzy adjustor units are proposed.
PI control unit is for obtaining dividing frequency control and the fuzzy adjustor unit is for adjusting elements of the PI
control unit to produce better adaptive ability and dynamic response. The complete power system set model of the
proposed filter techniques has been developed in MATLAB. The control algorithms developed by two schemes are very
simple. Simulations are carried out for the two schemes by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD has been
improved from 1.61(SVPWM technique) to 0.78 by the Fuzzy based Hybrid Filter technique.

KEYWORDS: Fuzzy Controller, Hybrid Active Power Filter, SVPWM Controller, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
INTRODUCTION
Harmonics are the major concerned problem in the distribution system. The growing use of electronic equipments
is one of the major causes to impute the harmonics. In order to solve these problems, the passive power filter (PPF) is often
used conventionally. However, it has many de-merits such as being bulk, resonance, tuning problem, fixed compensation,
noise, increased losses, etc., which discourages its implementation. On the contrary, the APF can solve the above problems
and is often used to compensate currentharmonics and low power factor that is caused by nonlinear loads, which has drawn
much attention since the 1970s. The commonness of this method is the request for generating reference current of Active
Power Filter (APF), either with the load current or the mains current. The second is that controls the VSI to inject the
compensating current into AC mains. However, they are limited by high cost, low-power capacity, and are difficult to use
in high-voltage grids. Another solution for the harmonic problem is to adopt a hybrid active power filter [3]-[4]. It is the
combination of active and passive power filters. The main objective of design of Hybrid filters is to enhance the
performance of the active power filter or passive power filter by adding passive or active components to its structure.
HAPF is categorized in parallel hybrid active power filters (PHAPFs) and series hybrid active power filters (SHAPFs)
based on the used active filter type. A series of PHAPFs was proposed after the 1990s [4][5]. Cheng etal. proposed a new
hybrid active power filter to achieve the power-rating reduction of the active filter.
The Hybrid Active Power filter configuration investigated in this paper is based on space vector pulse-width
modulated (PWM) [1] and fuzzy logic controller [2]. For harmonic current tracking controls, there are two schemes [6],
[7]:One is the linear current control, such as ramp comparison control, deadbeat control, sinusoidal internal model control,

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Jarupula Somlal, M. Venu Gopala Rao & M Anusha Priya

generalized integrators control, etc.; the other is nonlinear current control, such as hysteresis control, predictive control,
etc. Hysteresis control has the advantage of simplicity, but leads to a widely varying switching frequency. This limitation
has been improved with variable hysteresis band switching strategies but it requires a complex controller to achieve
satisfactory performance. Predictive current control offers the best potential for precise current control, but the
implementation of a practical system can be difficult and complex. In this paper, two control schemes are proposed such as
Space Vector PWM and Fuzzy based Hybrid Active Power Filter. The simulation and experimental results also show that
the new control methods are not only easy to be calculated and implemented, but also very effective in reducing
harmonics.

CONFIGURATION OF PROPOSED HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER

Figure.1 shows the hybrid power filter consist of three phase LC filter tuned at the 7th harmonic frequency and
three phase voltage source inverter. It is a forced commutated VSI having stiff DC voltage source at its input terminals.
This capacitor also suppresses harmonics and also feedback control to the total circuit. This system is investigated and the
performances of parameters are verified under non-linear load conditions. It can be assumed that the supply voltage and
current is ideal and sinusoidal and the three-phase balanced parameters are shown as below:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Where

represents the supply voltage. If equations (1), (2) and (3) are the three phase voltages. [

] in a-

b-c can be expressed as two-phase representation in d-q reference frame by Clarks transformation and it is given by
equation (4).
(4)
Above equation can be reduced as
(5)
Where a=ej2/3,

is angle of supply current.

Figure 1: Configuration of Proposed Hybrid Active Power Filter

Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter

311

PROPOSED CONTROL METHODS

Using SVPWM Controller
Figure 2 shows the block diagram of proposed active filter control method implemented using SVPWM in
MATLAB /Simulink. Initially, the three phase supply currents are sensed and transformed into synchronous reference
frame (d-q) axis.
The fundamental component of the supply current is transformed into DC quantity in the (d-q) axis and the supply
current amplitude is generated by the PI controller.
The obtained d-q axis components generate voltage command signal. By using Fourier magnitude block, voltage
magnitude and angle is calculated from the obtained signal. These values are fed to the developed code and generated
switching actions are applied to the APF, thus the power balancing of the filter takes place.

Figure 2: Block Diagram Proposed

Controller Using SVPWM

Figure 3: Configuration of Adaptive Fuzzy

Dividing Frequency Controller

Using Fuzzy Dividing Controller

The dynamic response of the system and/or to increase the stability margin of the closed loop system, the
conventional linear feedback controller (PI controller, state feedback control, etc.) can be utilized. However, these
controllers may present a poor steady-state error for the harmonic reference signal.
The fuzzy dividing control method is presented in Figure 3, which consists of two control units: 1) a generalized
integrator control unit, which can ignore the influence of magnitude and phase, is used for dividing frequency integral
control and 2) a fuzzy adjustor unit or fuzzy arithmetic is used to timely adjust the PI coefficients.
Since the purpose of the control scheme is to receive a minimum steady-state error, the harmonic reference signal
r is set to zero. First, supply harmonic current is detected. Then, the expectation control signal of the inverter is revealed by
the fuzzy dividing frequency controller.
The stability of the system is achieved by a proportional controller, and the perfect dynamic state is received by
the generalized integral controller. The fuzzy adjustor is set to adjust the parameters of proportional control and
generalized integral control. Therefore, the proposed harmonic current tracking controller can decrease the tracking error of
the harmonic compensation current, and have better dynamic response and robustness.

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Jarupula Somlal, M. Venu Gopala Rao & M Anusha Priya

Figure 4: Block Diagram of Fuzzy Logic Controller

Fuzzy Logic Controller
A block diagram of fuzzy-logic adjustor is shown in Figure 4. Once the fuzzy controller were developed and
incorporated into the simulated system, the simulation performances helped in the iteration of the controllers and best
adaptive controller to the linear and non linear systems. Fuzzy controller main parts are evaluation and control rules from
the rule base and data base is called fuzzifier and defuzzifier is takes highest MF component.
The FLC having different membership functions (M.Fs) to analyse the performance of instantaneous real active
and reactive current (idiq) control strategy for extracting reference currents of SHAF under different source voltage
conditions. PWM pattern generation based on carrier less hysteresis current control is used for quick response. In addition,
the idiq method is used for obtaining reference currents in the system, because in this strategy, angle u is calculated
directly from the main voltages and enables operation to be frequency independent; thereby, this technique avoids a large
number of synchronization

problems. The fuzzy control rule design involves defining rules that relates to the output

model properties. For designing the control rule base for tuning Kp and K i, the following important factors have been
taken into account.

For large values of /e/, a large kpis required, and for small values of /e/, a small kpis required.

For e, ec>0, a large kpis required and for e, ec>0 a small kpis required.

For large values of /e/ and /ec/, Kpis set to zero, which can avoid control saturation.

For small values of /e/, Kpis effective, and kpis larger when /e/ is smaller, which is better to decrease the steady
state error. So the tuning rule of Kpand Ki can be obtained as shown in Table.1 and Table.2.
Table 1: Adjusting Parameters of Kp
KP

NB
NM
NS
0
PS
PM
PB

NB
PB
PB
PM
PM
PS
0
0

NM
PB
PB
PM
PS
PS
0
NS

NS
NB
NM
NS
0
0
NS
NS

ec
O
PM
PM
PS
0
NS
NM
NM

PS
PS
PS
0
NS
NS
NM
NM

PM
PS
0
NS
NM
NM
NM
NB

PB
0
0
NM
NM
NM
NB
NB

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Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter

Table 2: Adjusting Parameters of kI

Ki
NB
NM
NS
e
0
PS
PM
PB

NB
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

NM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

NS
NB
NM
NS
NS
0
PS
NS

ec
0
NM
NM
NS
NM
PS
PM
PM

PS
NM
NS
0
PS
PS
PM
PB

PM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

PB
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 3: Parameter Values
System Parameters
Supply system
Balanced linear load
Unbalanced linear load
Non-linear load
APF (SVPWM)

APF(Fuzzy)

Values of Parameters
230 V (rms), 50 Hz, three-phase supply
Zl = 75 + j 62.83
Zla = 75 + j 31.42 , Zlb = 100 + j 23.56 , Zlc =85+ j 31.42
R=10.6 , L=58.2mH
Cdc=1000f, Vref = 750V,Cf = 24f, Lf = 30 mH
Output filter
11th turned filter
13th turned filter
6th turned filter

L/mH
0.2
1.77
1.37
14.75

C/ F
60
49.75
44.76
CF:19.65,CI:690

Q
50
50

The developed control method for three-phase shunt APF is simulated in MATLAB/Semulink. Firstly, the threephase supply currents are sensed and transformed into synchronous reference frame (d-q) axis. The fundamental
component of the supply current is transformed into dc quantities in the (d-q) axis and the supply current amplitude
Isgenerated by the PI controller. The obtained d-q axis components generate voltage command signal. By using Fourier
magnitude block, voltage magnitude and angle is calculated from the obtained signal. These values are fed to the
developed code and generated switching actions are applied to the APF. Thus, power balancing of the filter takes place.
Further, the performance with different type of loads is presented.
SVPWM Based Hybrid Active Power Filter
For Balanced Linear Load

(a) The Phase-A Supply Voltage and Load

(b) The Phase-A Supply Voltage and
Current Waveforms Supply
Current Waveforms
Figure 5: Simulation Results of Balanced Linear Load
The Figure 5 shows the simulation results of the APF when load is three-phase balanced RL load. Figure 5(a) is
the waveforms of the phase-A supply voltage and the load current before compensation. Figure 5(b) is the waveforms of

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Jarupula Somlal, M. Venu Gopala Rao & M Anusha Priya

the phase-A supply voltage and the supply current after compensation.
For Unbalanced Linear Load
The Figure 6 shows the simulation results of APF when three-phase unbalanced RL load is considered. Figure 6
(a) is the waveforms of the three-phase load current before compensation.
Figure 6 (b) is the waveforms of the three-phase mains current after compensation. From the figures, it can be
seen that APF controller can remedy the system unbalance.

(a) Three-Phase Load Current Waveforms

(b) Three-Phase Supply Current Waveforms
Figure 6: Simulation Results of Unbalanced Linear Load
For Non-Linear Load with Resistance
Figure 7 (a) is the waveforms of the source phase voltage. Figure 7 (b) is the wave forms of the load current
before compensation. Figure 7 (c) is the waveforms of the supply current after compensation.
The Figure 8 shows the simulation of harmonic spectrum of APF when the non-linear is a three-phase diode
bridge rectifier with resistance load. Figure 8(a) is the harmonic spectrum of the current before compensation on the load
side.
Figure 8 (b) is the harmonic spectrum of the current after compensation on the source side. The harmonic
spectrum of the load current shows that magnitude of the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics is very large.
The harmonic spectrum of the source current shows that magnitude of the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics are
evidently reduced after compensation. The load current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is 21.08%, while the supply
current THD is 1.61%. It should be noted that the higher frequency harmonics caused by APF in mains current can be
canceled easily by a small passive filter, and there are pulses in main current at the points, where of load current is large,
because fixed switching frequency restrict the tracking capability of APF.

(a)

Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter

315

(b

)
(c)
(a) The Three-Phase Source Voltage Waveforms (b) The Three-Phase Load Current Waveforms (c) The ThreePhase Source Current Waveforms
Figure 7: Simulation Results of Non-Linear Load

(a) The Phase-A Load Current Harmonic Spectrum

(b) The Phase-A Source Current Harmonic Spectrum
Figure 8: Harmonic Spectrum of Non-Linear Load
FUZZY Based Hybrid Active Power Filter
Figure 9 shows the simulation results of the dynamic performance with the conventional PI controller. Figure 10
shows the simulation results of the dynamic performance with the conventional generalized integral controller. Fig.11
simulation results of the dynamic performance with the proposed controller. It is observed from Figure 12 and Figure 13
that at 0.2s to 0.3 s, the THD increases from 9.40% to 21.34%.
When the conventional PI controller is used, the error can be reduced to 09A in 0.05 s, but there is an obvious
steady state error at 1.0 s all the same. When the generalized integral controller is used, the error reduces to 06 A at 0.5 s;
however, it can only be reduced to 15 A in 0.05 s. When the proposed controller is used, the error can be reduced to 1.5 A

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Jarupula Somlal, M. Venu Gopala Rao & M Anusha Priya

in 0.05 s. It is observed that compared to the conventional PI controller and generalized integral controller, the proposed
controller has better dynamic performance.

Figure 9: Dynamic Performance with

Conventional PI Controller

Figure 11: Dynamic Performance with the

Proposed Controller

Figure 10: Dynamic Performance with

Conventional Integral Controller

Figure 12: FFT Analysis at 0.2sec for FHAPF

Figure 13: FFT Analysis at 0.3sec for FHAPF

Figure 14: Steady-State Compensation with the

Conventional PI Controller
Figure 14 shows the Simulation results of steady-state compensation with the conventional PI controller. Figure

15 shows the simulation results of the steady-state compensation with the conventional generalized integral controller.
Figure 16 shows the simulation results of the steady-state compensation with the proposed controller. When the
conventional generalized integral controller is used, the current THD reduces to 3.42% from 21.34%, while after the
FHAPF with the proposed PI controller runs; the current THD reduces to 0.78% from 21.34% as shown in Figure 17. So it
can be observed that the proposed current controller exhibits much better performance than the conventional PI controller
and the conventional generalized integral controller.

Performance Analysis of SVPWM and Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter

Figure 15: Steady-State Compensation with

the Conventional Integral Controller

317

Figure 16: Steady-State Compensation with

the Proposed Controller

Figure 17: FFT Analysis for the FHAPF with the Proposed Controller

CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the two control methodologies for the Hybrid active power filter was proposed by using SVPWM
and Fuzzy controller. The performances of hybrid filter with the proposed methods are done in MATLAB/Simulink. The
harmonic spectrum under non-linear load conditions shows that reduction of harmonics is better. Under unbalanced linear
load, the magnitude of three-phase source currents are made equal and also with balanced linear load the voltage and
current are made in phase with each other. The simulation study of two level inverter is carried out using SVPWM because
of its better utilization of DC bus voltage more efficiently.
Generalized PI control unit and fuzzy adjustor unit based fuzzy dividing control method was discussed clearly.
The proposed method is able to increase the response of the dynamic system, robustness and also which is able to decrease
the tracking error. The proposed method is very much useful and also applicable to any other type of active filters.
Simulations are carried out for the two schemes by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD has been
improved from 1.61(SVPWM technique) to 0.78 by the Fuzzy based Hybrid Filter technique. The simulation and
experimental results also show that the new control method is not only easy to be calculated and implemented, but also
very effective in reducing harmonics.

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Jarupula Somlal, M. Venu Gopala Rao & M Anusha Priya

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