- 2006

...
:
...
...
,

. , ..
. , ..
. , ..

1.

.
(Programmable Logic Controller-PLC)
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition),
Siemens. PLC SCADA
, Ethernet, TCP.
PLC ,
, (buttons),
. PLC ,

- 2006

, ,
. PLC .
PLC, (, ), , 020 mA,
(optical encoder).
SCADA ,
.
,
(
) , ,
( ,
, ..).

2.
2.1.
, ,
.

2.2.
... DC , :
DC ,
. , , , , DC ,
, , .

- 2006

2.3.

, ( ) . , , .
PLC ,
, PLC. ,
(K1_Right, K1_Left) (, ) ,
. (fuse),
(thermal switch)
( ) .

1:

- 2006

, , 10, 20,
(Normally Open, NO) 24V AC.
,
.
,
(NO), 20 (
/ ) 24V AC,
. / .
,
, 20 24V AC,
. / .
,
1.

PLC,
() ,
PLC, .
, SCADA,
, ,
-, , (stop).
, , ,
( Motor Running) alarms
( Motor Overload).
PLC

- 2006

,
, PLC, PLC .
(start right start left)
PLC 24V DC
0V. ,
PLC, ,
( 1=24V DC). , stop,
1 0.
2.1, PLC
.
1, .

PLC.

2.1: PLC.

- 2006

, PLC RMS
.
PLC
, PLC,
2.2.

2.2: PLC.

, Multitek :

AC :

AC :

Type: M100 VA3

Type: M100 AA3

Serial No: 11794 006

Serial No: 7953 006

Aux UH: Self Powered

Aux UH: Self Powered

Class: 0,2% 50z

Class: 0,2% 50z

Input: 3x 0300V AC

Input: 3x 05A AC

Output: 3x 020mA AC <750

Output: 3x 020mA AC <750

PLC
PLC

- 2006

. PLC, , , 1=24V DC
() , 0V DC ( 0). , PLC
PLC,
.
3, ,
.
24V AC,
PLC, 24 V DC.

3: PLC.

10 mA
Ohm: I =

24
Z=R+2fL, AC f=50 Hz DC f=0, R Z

DC AC. ZDC<ZAC, IDC>AC=10mA,

.

- 2006

, ,
24V DC. PLC , . 24V DC,

24V AC. 24V AC 220/24 V,
,
, 1, . 6 , .
,
6 , ,
PLC ( ),
( )
24V AC .
LED,
(10k, Watt), .
4 5 , OrCAD Layout Ver.
9.2, .
, .

- 2006

4: .

5: .

2.4.
,
PLC, . ,
Hager
. :
.

ES424

, 4 20, 24V AC

ES224

, 2 20, 24V AC

MB106A

MC310A

10

- 2006

MM510N

SV121

EP071

1 ES424

MZ201

1 MC310A

14

13

Stop

SV124

10

, 1

, PLC, ,
1
SV123
, 1

220/24
V

PLC, ,

2A,

Hager,

1
m,
60 cm

220/24 V
96
.

FD 62A,

Hager 1 m, 60 cm 96 .

1
2

4
5

6:
Vega-D, FD FD
62A. 62A.
6:

Vega-D,

2 , -

2 ,
1, 1 2,

1, 1 2,

220/24 V, .

- 2006

11

220/24 V, . 2 3 ,
. 4 5 .
2 3,
4 5.
1 rack PLC,
7.
rack PLC, .

7: .

2.5.

- 2006

12

. , PLC 1 mm2 ,
(+) 24V AC, (-).
(24V) .
, optical encoder UTP
PLC, , ( 25 kHz).
PLC, ,
3x1,5 mm

, ,

. 1,5 mm2 R,
S T.
. 8 9 PLC , .

8: PLC.

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13

9:

2.6.
,
, . ,
. 10.

10: .

( 5 ), ( 8 ),
(stop, 8 ).
(24V),
. ,
PLC, .

- 2006

14

3.

, CPU 313c
Siemens, STEP 7 ( 5.2) Siemens
Simatic Manager.
, Ladder STL.

3.1.
(block OB1)
(FC). 1 . 1 (
) :
- (FC1)
- (),
. () 5 sec.
(). , FC1 .
(FC4)

.
,
. ,
FC4 .
- (FC5)
,

, 020 sec.
(FC2)
, -

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15

alarms.
. FC2 1 sec,

. , , ,

General Alarm. ,
. , ,
General Alarm , ,
.

(FC7)
,

. Variac
. , , . PLC
.

:
,
1_Right, K1_Left .
95% .
10% .
, . , ,
90% , 10 ms. ,
,

- 2006

16

. , ,
, General Alarm.
1
FC7. , FC9, , DC 10%
.
(FC6)
,
,
2 sec
.
, ,
,
.
1 FC6. FC9,
.


, . ,
.
.


. MOVE,
(Word) (Memory Word, MW) PLC. H -

- 2006

17

,
04096
PLC.
,
(scaling function)
FC105, ,
Double Word (DW) , .
, ( )
( V). (DC) , (AC)
, AC Variac
DC .

(optical
encoder) Hontko, 024V DC,
, PLC high speed counter.
Function
Block, SFB48, Data Block (
interrupts). SFB48,
124.0124.2 optical encoder.
PLC .
optical encoder
(
, duty cycle),
.
optical encoder .

(FC8)

- 2006

18

. , .
,
.
FC8, , . ,

, , :
0,71, alarm
5sec. ,
(trip) motor
overload.
stop, .
1,
(trip) .


.
.
. SCADA.

3.1. Step7 SCADA

SCADA
, SCADA
, PLC, . , SCADA
SCADA PLC.

- 2006

19

ping MS-DOS,
.
, /
SCADA, , SCADA
. ,
, stop ,
SCADA ,
SCADA. , (screenshots)
Step7, .

11: .

- 2006

12.: .

12.: .

20

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21

4. .
4.1. SCADA
4.1.1.
SCADA Supervisory, Control And Data
Acquisition, , .
,
. SCADA
, ,
,

,
, . SCADA ,
(hardware) (software).
,
(real time).
, , , ,
.
, SCADA
,
( )
,
. , SCADA :

,
(setpoints) ,

- 2006

22

,
,

4.1.2.
SCADA . ,
SCADA, , , . RTU (Remote Telemetry
Units), ,
, .. , , , ,
( ), SCADA, . ,
, .

13: SCADA.

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23

RTU, SCADA, , , SCADA

RTU, RTUs .
13 SCADA.

4.2.
, ,
10/100 Mbps, 802.3 (Ethernet) 10
Base-T Hub. , PLC, 802.3. CP343-1, LAN 10 Base-T TCP. SCADA
.
(remote) /
. 14 .

14: .

4.3. SCADA
SCADA WinCC Ver.
6.0 SP1 Siemens. 4 :

- 2006

24

Computer
WinCC. , ,
,
, WinCC ,
Microsoft Excel, AutoCAD .
Tag Management
, , , WinCC, , PLC.
Data Types
.
Editor
(Editor) :

Graphics Designer

WinCC. .

Tag Logging

Tag Logging
, .

Alarm Logging

( runtime)
.

Report Designer

(report) ,
Graphics Designer.

Global Script

Global Script C,
.

- 2006

25

(project functions)
.
21 .
, , , , PLC.
,
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
.
software ,
, . ,
,

.
,
. : , ,
.
, , .
.
,
,
.

( 16) .

- 2006

26

. ,
.
,
, .
,
,
.
, PLC bytes PLC.
(screenshots) (runtime).

15: .

- 2006

16: .

17: , .

27

- 2006

18:
PLC .

19: -.

28

- 2006

20: .

21: .

29

- 2006

22: (trip) software.

23: alarm,
(2 sec) trip.

30

- 2006

24:
/ .

25: .

31

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32

5.

SCADA. OPC Server,
/.
PLC /
TCP, / hub.
PWM,
. , ,
(MosFet IGBTs) ,
PID ,
PLC. / PLC ,
(WLAN).

[1] SIMATIC S7, , Siemens,

2000.
[2] SCADA, ,
..., ..., 2005.
[3] , .. ,
..., ..., 1998.
[4] PLC , . . , ,
2 , 1997.
[5] , .
, . , , 1995.
[6] , Andrew Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall International
& , 3 , 1992.

- 2006

33

[7] , Jean Walrand, , 1997.

[8] , , , .. , , 1991.
[9] , . - , ...
[10] DC AC, Stephen J. Chapman, , 2 , 1993.
[11] ULTITRAN Manuals, Multitek.
[12] Incremental Rotary Encoder Manual, Hontko.
[13] Incremental Rotary Encoder E6C2-C Manual, Omron.
[14] Siemens Manuals:
S7-300 CPU 31xC and CPU 31x, Technical data.
S7-300 Automation System CPU 31xC Technological Functions.
S7-300, CPU 31xC and CPU 31x: Installation.
Rotary Pulse Encoder 1XP8001-1.
Simatic HMI.
[15] SCADA, , , 2000.
[16] ... PLC SCADA, , , 2001.
[17] , , , 2001.