Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BNTERTNATEC$NAL
'-.
STANDARD
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General introduction
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IT{TERNATIOi{AL STAT.JDARD
O ISO
lS0
X2944-1:1998{E)
Part 1 :
Gene,ral introduction
1
1
Scope
.1
ISO 12944 deals with the corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint sysrems.
1.2 ISO 12944 covers only the corrosion-protective function of paint systems. Other protective functions, like the
protection against:
microorganisms (marine fouling, bacteria, fungi, etc.),
chemicals (acids, alkalis, organic solvents, gases, etc,),
rrrechanic;rl acticln (abrasion, etc. ) and
fire
1.3
Althougir l$() 12944 rjoes not cover all types of structure, surface arid surtace preparation, it rnpy, by aEreement,
also be applied to those eases which are not covered bv the standarc;.
The various aspects of the field of applieation are slescribed in more detailiri 1.3.1 to 1 3.6.
tu$ Lundtoftevej.,450,
2800.Lyng1by
lS0 12s44-t:199S(E)
tso
lso
hotdip-galvanized surfaces;
zi
sherardized surfaces:
surfact;s pairrted with prefabrication primer;
other prainted surfaces.
Licens knbl
al
l_.yngtby
ISC '?2$44-j:1SOS(F)
lso
Normative refef,ences
The-following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute proVisions
of this part
of ISO 12t944. At the time of publication, the editions indiiared were valid. All standards
are sublept to revision, and
parties tcl agreements based on this part of ISO 12944
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below Members of IEC and l5O maintain regisiers of currLntly
ISO 462f-1
Paints and varnishes
of degradation of paint coatings
- Evaluation
quantity iznd"19E\2,
- Desigitation
size of common types of defect
Part 1: GeneVat principles and rating ichemes.
of
intensity,
Desig4tation
of
intensity,
Designation
of
intensity,
Desigrltation
of
intensity,
Desigrlation
of
intensity,
of blistiring.
Defirnitions
f-o1tne purposes of ISO 12944, the followinq definitions apply. Additionat definitions are given in the other pai-ts of
tso
12944.
NioTE"-
3.1
ancl definitians
apptication,
or
continuous film
of
single
3.? conrosion: Physicochemical interaction tletvveen a metal and its environment wfrich results in changes ir'' the
properties; of the metal and which may often lead to impairment of
the function of the rnetal, the envirorrment or the
technical system of whieh these form a part.
[lSO g044i
3'3 corrosion damage; Corrosion effect which is corrsirlered detrimental to the fulrction of the metal, the
envtronrnent or the technical system of which these fonr a part.
llso 9044]
3'4
3'5
dur;rbitity; The expected life of a protective paint system to the first major maintenance painting. See
3.6
alsa
lse 12S44-1:t9sS{E)
3'7
o tso
paint:
A pignrented coating material, in liquid or in paste or powder form, which, when applieQ to a substrate,
forms an opaque film having pro'iective decorative or
other specific properties. tEN g71-il
3,8 protective coating system: The sum total of the coats of metal materials and/or parnts or
felated products
which are trr be applied or which have been applied to a substrate
to provide corrosion protection,
3'9 prote'ctive paint system: The sum total of the coats of paints or related products which are to be applied or
which have been applied to a substrate to provide corrosion protection,
3'10 substrate:
4'1 Since the period during which the protection provided by paint systems is effective is; generally shorter than the
expected seryice life of the structure, due consideration shall be given at the planning
Lnd oeiign stage to the
possibility
c,f
4.2 Struct
re exposed to
corroslon P
and hetrce
ssembly shall be
structure, for the
achievedb
atingsystems,o
designi
which a
n prote,ct
life of th
etaken
that
th
4,3
The cost-effectiveness of a given corrosion protection system will generally be in dir,ect proportign
to the length
of tirne for which effective protectLn is maintained, since the anrount
oimaintenance or replacement work required
during the service life of the structure will be reducecj to a mininrum"
4"4
Ti"re levei of coating failure before the first major rnaintenatlce painting shall be agreed by
the
ilterested parties
artd strall be assessed in ac;cordance with lso 4628.-1 to ISO 4628,5, unless othenwise agreerl
between the
irrtereriterrj
paft i es.
irr
2 to 5 years
tJ\
4"5
i:crI ciuality Inanagerneot purposes, the iSO t)000 series of standarris shculd preferal5ly be
takerr into accor,iril
.1 Heaith
ii is th* dr.ri5;' of
Prcj*ci [n cetrry
and saietv of ih
ontiactors, paint aiarrufacturer.s. inspectors and all other p'ersonnei inv,:lverj iri a
iclr they are respc)nsible in such a manner that they do not endanger the health
lso
12944-1 :'lB9s{F)
In pursuzrnce of this duty, each parly shall ensLtre that all the statutory requirements of the couptry in which thelr
work, or any paft of their work, is to be carried out are complied with.
NOTE
6' 1 ISO 12944-2 describes the corrosion stresses produced by the atmosphere, lby different types of water and by
soil' lt de,fines atmospheric-corrosivity categories and indicates the corrosion stresses to be expected in situations
where str-'el structures are immersed in water or buried in soil. The corrosion stresses to which a steel stfucture ts
exposed represent one essential parameter governing the selection of appropriate protective paint systems in
accordance with ISO 12944-5.
6.2
esign criteria for steel structures for the purpose of improving their
itable and unsuitable designs, indicating, with the help of diagrams,
which structural element
elements are likely to cause accessibiiity problems during surface
preparation work and when applying, inspecting and maintaining paint systems. In addition, desi[n features which
will facilitate the handling and transport of steel structures are discussed.
G"4 ISO 12944-5 describes different generic types r:f paints on the basis of their chemical colnposition and the
type ol fillm forrnation process. lt gives examples of various proteclive paint systerms that have proveri suitable for
r;tt'Ltcturers exposed to corrosive stresses and corrosivity categories described in ISO 12944-i:, reflecting uurrent
k';ic;urledg;e r:n atworld-wide scale. ISO 12944-5 is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO '12944-6.
G'S lSO 1?944-6 specifies laboratory test metlrods that are to be used
systetils is to be assessed" lt is particr.iiarly intendeel for paint systerns for
application
Atmosph
protective paint
xperience is not
cleaning, to lrotnersion in water
ti.6
lSO 12944-7 describes how paint work is to be carried out in the workshop or on site. lt desoflbes rnethods for
i'l"te application of coaiing materials. Handling and storage of coating materials before application inspection of the
wc-rrlt and follow-up of the resulting paint system, as well as
;.rreparation of reference areas, are alsr'.: covered. lt does
6.?
ISO 12544-8 gives guidance for cleveioping speciflcations for corrosion proterction work, degcribing everything
hr:t has to be taken into account when a steel struciure is
gainst corrosion, For tfre coivenience of
the user, ISO 12944
project
aint system specification, paint work
speciflcation, and ins
ication.
deal with particular aspects such as
planning of the work, r
on, anfl
rms intended to facilitate the rryork
f
o tso
Ana:ex A
(informative)
GuidelEnes for Llslng ISS 12944 for a given prcject
a)
b)
c)
Analyse or estimate the corrosivity of the environment in the area where the structure is located or is to be
locatecl (lSO 1 2944-2).
Establish any special conditions which may affect the choice of paint system to be used (lSO 12944-s).
Examine the design of the structure and make sure that corrosion traps have been avoided and adequate
provided for corrosion protection work. Avoid galvanic corrosion by insulating dissimilar
-has been
metals from
each other (lSO 12944-3\.
access
d)
e)
For maintenance painting, assess the condition of the surface to be treated (lSO i2g44-4).
ldentify thosel paint systems with the required durability from those listed as being suitable for the relevant
if no long+errh experience is
Select, from the paint systems identified, the optimum one, taking into consideration the methotJ of sudace
preparation which wiil be used (tSO 12944_4).
S)
Make sure that damage to the environment and all health and safety risks are minimized (lSO'12944-1,
lso
12944_8).
h)
i)
Establilih a programrne of inspections to be carried out during and after the work
j)
(lso
12944-7).
(lSC) 12944-7 , tSO 12S41.8)
Establish a maintenance programme covering the whole service life of the structrire.
NOTE
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ISO 12944'2:1998(E)
ph
z
Mass loss
r-1
<10
very low
>
wl
low
r-1
>
medium
a-A
>
10 to 200
200 to 400
> 400 to
hish
<
pm
9lm2
<
1,3
<
0,7
0,1
1,3 to 25
>0,7to5
Unheated buildings
where condensation
ma'y occur, e.g. depots,
sports halls.
>25to50
> 5 to'15
>
Production rooms
with high humidity and
some air pollution, e.g.
food-processing planls,
lauridries, breweries,
Chemical plants,
swimming pools,
coastal ship- and
boatyards.
Buildings or areas
with almost oermanent
condensation and with
high pollution.
>50to80
650
lnte rior
Exte rior
Tliickness
loss
pm
r\R
Corrosiv'ity
category
>15to30
O,7 to 2,1
very high
>
>30to60
80 to 200
>
4,?.
lo 8.4
(industrial)
C5-M
very.high
>
80 to 200
>30to60
imaflne)
dairies.
Buildings or areas
condensation and with
high pollution.
l'.iOTES
-l
2
The loss values ttsed forthe corrosivily categories are identical 1o tho:;e given in ISO 9223,
lrr_coastal areas in hot, hunrid zones, the rnassj or thickness lossee can exceed the limits
lir)erefole'Jetaken whenselectingtrprotectivepaintsyslernsforsirucluiesinsuchareas.
s.t
precauticrns must
Flrt sirui;lures irnilersed in water or buriecl in soii, corrcrsiof') is norrnally local in nature and corrosivity categories arc;
diiiirrult tr: ,lefine Hov,ever. tr"rr the pLrrpclie ot this Internaticrnal Stendard, r,arious enrrironnrents can be ,Jcs:r-ibed
:r! tiiDie 2, iifrr+.:er different en,rironrnents are grven tqqether vlith tlreir desiqnations. See 4.2 for mr;re detail
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STANDARD
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Reference nurnber
ISO 12944-i]:1998(E)
ISQ 1Z94rt-4:1QSS{E)
Contents
Page
Sr.nno
Normative references
Definitions
General
...............
Surface preparation methods
Surface preparation grades
6
7
I
I
Assessment of prepared
4
5
g
....... 10
surfaces
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
15
1G
12
12
13
17
13
Annexes
A
E
(0 rso
14
15
17
1e9B
inlernet
iso@iso.ch
"
INTERNATiGE\AL
STANEARD
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Part 4:
Types of surface and surface preparation
Peintures et vernis
de peinture
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ISO 12944-4:19s8(E)
ISO'12s44-a:1998(E)
o tso
Frnnex i\
(normative)
Sal
Blastcleaning
(6.2 3)
Representative
photographic
examples in
lso
BSal
CSal
DSal
Sa2
BSa2
CSa2
DSa2
Sa 2%
A Sa 2/z
B Sa2%
Sa 37)
or stripes.
ASa3
BSa3
UbAJ
DSa3
st2
Hand- or
power-tool
cleaning
(6.2.1,6.2.2)
qi"
Fiarne
cleenirrg
{6.3)
BSt3
CSt3
DSt3
AFI
BFI
cFl
Acid oickling
(6.1 .B)
ir
a) uncoated steel
su rfaces;
b) coated steel
surfaces, if the
coatlngs are removed
to the extent that the
specified preparation
grade is achieved.6)
.colg-urs).
_-
The surface
preparation of
colour.
BSt2
CSt2
DSt2
DFI
Be
C Sa2%
D Sa2%
Field of application
exaniple
1)
.)\
A' E' c
3)
The reprtxentiltive photogtapltic examples shr:,;,,only surfaces cr sirrfacer afeas thal were previously uncoated,
ln lhe r:ase of steei surfacers 'd/ith Painted or urrpairrteri rnelal ::oatings, an analogolrs application of oertain stald6rd preparation
lil
5)
ei
7l
14r
arrci [J are
lso
Bs01-.1
rni:y be agreed, provided thai these are iechnically feaslble urrclcr thE given cor,di-tions.
ivliii $cale is considernd to br.' ;:oorly adlrr:ring if it can be iemoveil by liflilg with
a blunt pultv knife
gi.eilLas
This sur-face preparation gtade can only be achiev'.:d and mairrioiner-j urrcier cer'lain conditions r,vhich
it may rrol be possihle lo produce
on site.
Bf,NTFRf,NAT!Gf,{AL
STANDARD
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Reference riumbef
ISO'12944-5;1998(E)
.,,:,
.,Liq'nsftabi:af:,r-rennperA/$. Lundtoftevej
is',,zg00Lynguy
iSO 12944-5:1s9s{F)
ISO850l-l:i988
o tso
ISO 8503-2:1988
ted
products -
leaned steel
ISO 12944-t:1998
ISO 12944-2:t998
syslems - Parl
ISO 12944.4:1998
of sleel
ISO 12944-6:1998
DEF'INITIONS
High-build
12944,ahismeans>g0pmdryfilmthickness.
3.2
A term
J.J
tligh-sotid
used to describe paint materials with greater
a
than normal volume of solids.
Compatibility
(iI)
t-rf a proctuct
'rhe ability
of
3.4
Prinring coat(s)
primer.
Intermediate coat(.s)
1op coat(s).
NOTE I
ril the E'glish language, the ter-rn "undercoat" is someljmes
used sy'onymous)y, normally for a
applied direcrly before the top
coltlsi
coat
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Licensksht'.at-:t'renaperA/s LuncrtoftevejisO,2g0!-ynghy:",,
. : ,:, . :.
ISC 12944-5:19sS{F)
:t,6
Top coat(s)
r./
llecoat
3.8
Stripe coat
A supplementary
3.9
T'he thickness
3.10
3"11
irnpaired.
3,12
Primer
A paint that
3.13
for use as
Pre-fabrication primer
NOI'E
-3.14
rnany Ianguages, the term pre-fabrication primer does not have the
same meaning as in Iinglish.
Pot life
l,-een
mixed together.
3.:[5
Shclf tife
NorE 3
seaied conrainers
3.16
prossure
voc
see
3,r?.
ISO
.-
12944-{i:199S{E)
3.17
The mass of the volatile organic compounds present in a coating material, as determined under specified conditions
'fhe exact interpretation of the word "volatile" will depend on the sphere of application of the coating
NOTE 4
material and the conditions ai the place of appiicatron. For each sphere of application, the limitrng values of the VOC
content and th,e methods of determination or calculation are stipulated by regulations or by agreements,
TYPES OF PATNT
The followingl generic types of paint are widely used in paint systems for the protection of steel strucfures against
corrosion. Typical binders for these paints are mentioned in the following sub-clauses. Many other modifications or
combinations of thenr will also be possible.
NOTE J
The information given hereafter concems only the chemical and physical properties of paints and not the
way they are used. The limits given for drying and curing temperatures are indicative only. Variations can be expected
for each type ,of paint depending on its formulation.
4.1
The film hardens by evaporation of organic solvents or water followecl by reaction of the binder with oxygen in the air'
alkyd;
uretharne alkyd;
epoxy ester.
The drying tirne will depend, among other things, on the temperatufe. The reaction with oxygen can take place down to
0 'C, although at low temperatures it is much slower.
4"2
4.2.I
Solvent-borne paints
The film Cries by evaporaiion of the solvents. Thr; process is reversitlle, i.e, the dry fihn refitains soluble in ils origirial
solvents.
-_
_'
chlorinated rubber;
acryli,c resins;
bitrimen.
The drying time will depel,C, among other things, on air movement arrd temperature. Drying can take place dovin to
0 'C. although at low ternperatures it is much sio"'rer.
4.2.2
Water-bornc paints
anC
The I'rocess is not reversible. i.e, this fype of coa.iing is not ledispelsible in water after drying.
:,/ .
flSG
12944-5:i998(E)
acrylic dispersions;
vinyl
dispersions;
polyurethane dispelsrons.
The drying time will deper.rd, among other things, on air movement, relative humidity and temperature. Drying can take
plact: down to +3 'C, although at low temperatures it is much slower.
4.3
a base
the
4.3.11
Base componenl
The binders in the base component are polymers having epoxy groups which react with suitable curing agents.
Typ.ical binders are:
epoxy;
epoxy vinyl/epoxy acrylic;
epoxy combinations (e.g, epoxy hydrocarbon resins or epoxy coal tar).
Epoxies chalk when exposed to sunlight. If colour or glossr retention is required, the top coat should be ari aiipharic
polyurethane (4.3.2) or a suitable physically drying type (4.2)"
Curing agenl iomponent
Pol5raminoutllines (polyamines), polyaminoamides (polyamides) or adducts of these are most commorrl)/ tlsed.
Pcllrav6i6tss afe more suitable for primers because
are generally more resistant to chemicals.
Cuiing does iiot require exposure to air. Thc diying tirle will depend anrongst other things on air movemettt anri c'n
temlpcrature. The curiErg reaction can taks place dcrvn l.c -15 "L.
4,3'Z
Ecse component
The binders are polymers with free trydroxyl groups which react with suitable curing agents.
__
.-
polyester;
acryIate;
epoxy;
poiyether;
fluoro resin.
Lhe
'
tSC 12944-5:1998{E)
ring
C u
ag
ent
c o
if
combined
4,3.3
The film dries by solvent evaporation. It cures chemically by reacting with moisture from the air.
pollurethane (1-pack);
The drying time will depend, amongst other things, on the temperature, the air movement, ttre humidity and the film
thickness. Thq curing reaction can take place down to 0 oC, or lower, provided that the air still contains moisture. The
lower the rela{ive humidity, the slower the curing.
It is irnponani that manufacturers instructions regarding the limits for moisture, relative humidity and wet and dry film
thickness are (:omplied with in order to avoid bubbling, pinholing, detachment etc. in the coating.
4.4
Fttrl.her inf.rrn{ration is given in aunex C, This informative annex is intended only as an aid to seleetion, but
if it
is r.rsed
it sfrail be useil in combinaiion with the tables iri annex A, rranut-achrrers published data and information from previous
plo.jects.
r,A)tN.I' SYSTEMS
5.1
5,
1.1
Cleissification of environrnents
In accorda.ircd.wittr ISO 12944-.2 the environmerrt is divided into the lbllowing categories:
Six
C1 ve:iy lsw
iou'
tnedium
C4 high
C,2
C_3
tso
ISO 12944'5:1998{E)
5,1.2
Surfares to bc painted
5.1.?:.1 I\e'n,structures
The paint systems listed in amex A are related to surface preparation grades Sa 2t/zattd St 2. For steel surfaces prepared
to St 2, rust grade C as defined in ISO 8501-l is the reference grade, The roughness of a surface is generally expressed
as th,e height of the major peaks relative to the nrajor valleys. A method for grading the surface profile of abrasive blastciea;ned steel is described in ISO 8503-2
The paint systems listed in amex A are typical examples of systems used in the environments defined in ISO 12944-2'
No r;orrosion protection is required for items in corrosion category C1. If painting is necessary for aesthetic reasons, the
systrems jn table A.2 (corrosion category C2) may be used.
The mechanical ol chemical surface treatrnent required for hot-dip-galvanized surfaces is described in IS O I 2944-4
S.l|2.2
'
Maintenance
For maintenance ofpreviously coated surfaces, the condition ofthe existing coating and the surfaces shall be checked
usin,g suitable methods, e.g. ISO 4628,to determine whether partial or complete repainting should be carried out' The
fype of surface preparation and protective paint system shall then be specified. The paint manufacturer should be
consulted for recommendations. Test areas may be prepared to check the manufacturer's recommendations.
Type of primer
5.2
Tab,les A.1 to A.9 in annex A give information on the type of primer to be used, and indicate whether the primer ls
zino-rich or based on other pigments. For zinc-rich primers, the minimum zinc dust pigment content of the non-volatile
portion of the paint shall be S-O "2" Uy mass (m/m), both for organic and inorganic binders. T'his frgure is the basis for
the durabitities given for the paint systems with zinc-rich primers in tables A.l to A.8. The zinc dust pigment shall
comply with the requirements specified in ISO 3549.
A method for the determination of the zinc dust pigment content of the non-volatile portion of paints
described in ASTM D 237 1-85 , Standard Test Method for Pigmenl Content of Solvent-Reducible Painls
NOTE
is
NO,Ttr 7
Some countries have national standards with a minimum content higher than 80 % by mass (m/m) A
higher zinc dust pigment content genei-ally improves the durability of paint systems.
5"3
A include paint
fbr
For each corrosivity category one or rwo separate ta.hles indicate tvhether the paints for the paint systems listed
lorv
are
av4ilablq as waier-bome materials, or as a l-pack or 2-pack. Several of the paint systems listed can inelude cither high-
solids or water-borne paints for both the primer ancl tlie top coating materials, or a combination of'high-solids and
water-borne paints
5.4
t)ehnirions of clry film thickrress (DF'f) and nominal dry'film thickness (NDFT) are given in clause
3.
Film thicknesses indicated in the tabies in annex A are nominal dry film thicknesses. Dry fihn thicknesses are getlerally
checkerl on the cornplete paint system. Where ludged appt'opriate, the dry film thickness of the priming coat or of other
parts of ths paint system rnay be meesured ,-purut"ly. Deperrding on the inslrument calibration, measurerient method
a.nrJ fibn thickness, the roughness of the steel surface will have a different degree of influence on the tneasurenrellt
resuit,
Methods for the measLlrement cf film thickoess are clescibed in ISO 2808. The procedure for checking norninal dry
fihn thicknesses (irrstruments, calibration, and any allowance to be made for the contribution o1'the surface roughness
to the result) shall be agteed between the interested parties.
ISO i2944-15:1998(E)
Unless agreed othelwise, indi'f,idual dry f,rlm thicknesses of less than 80 % of the nonrinal dry film thickness are llot
acceptable. Unless agreed othJrwise iniividual values befween 80 % and 100 % of the nominal dry filnr thickness are
acceptable providecl that the of,erall average (rnean) is equal to or gtealer than the nominal dry film thickness'
ancl
reconrmended that the niaximJm dry film thickness is not greater than 3
excessive maximum dry fllm ihi.kn..r, expert agreement shall be fouri
which have a critical maximum dry filn thickness or, in special cases,
technical data sheet shall be observed.
lt
is
of
thickress'
ducts or systen'ls
t manufacturer's
The number 0,f coats and the {ry fitm thicknesses quoted in annex A are based on the use of airless spray application.
Application by roller, brush or conventional spraying equipment will produce lower fihn thicknesses, and more coats
will be needecl to produce the pame dry film thickness for the system. Consult the manufacturer for more information.
5.5
Durability
protective
are given
in ISO 12944-1.
The condition of the paint s tem applied can be assessed by means of ISO 4628-1 to ISO 4628-6' It has been assumed
in compiling the tables in
.* R ittot the first major maintenance painting would normally need to be carried out for
reasons of co rrosion protect
once the coatins has reached the level Ri 3 as defined in ISO 4628-3
ity has been indicated in this parl of ISO 12944 in terms of three ranges;
2ta5
medium (N4)
15
ears
high (H')
more t
I5
to
T'he
h4.rinlenance is cften
for aresthr,tic clr other reas
5.6
Strron
and site
years
"guarantee time". Durabitity is a technical consideration that can help the o"*'nel set ltp a
uarantee time is a corrsideration that is the legal subject of clauses in the administtative
tee tirrre is usually shor:ter than the durabilit-v range. There are no rules that link the two
at mcre f.requegt
ication
ance of a paint system, thr.r nrajority of the coats of the system ol, iipossible, the complete
appliediltheshop The:iclvantagr:sandcltsadvantagesofshopapplicaticrrareasfollows:
Arlvanfages
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
.FJetter control
ofappl
(lontrolled temperatu
(-jontroiied relative
Easier repail of da.rn
Gr eater outpnt
Retter waste and pol
Disadvanttrges
al }:ossible limitation of the size of the building compolierrls
b) Darnage due to handling, transpofi and ereciion
o) Over"coaiing time can be exceeded
C) Possillie contamination of the last coat
lso
will
also have
preloaded bearing type connections are to be painted, paint systems shall be used which do not lead to an
unacceptable decrease in the pr:eloading force. The paint systems selected and/or the precautions taken for such
If
co6ections will depend on the fype of structure and on subsequent handling, assembly and transportatton.
llables for paint systems
The tables given in annex A give examples of paint systens for several environments' The paints used for all these
systems shall be suitable for the highest corrosion stress of the given corrosivity or inrmersion category. The specifrer
shall have access to documentatron, or a statement frorn the paint manufacturer, conhrming the suitability or the
durability of a paint system in a given corrosivity or immersion category. If required, the suitability or durability of the
pairrt system shall be demonstrated by experience and/or artificial-ageing tests in accordance with ISO 12944-6 or as
othr:rwise agreed.
patttt
For paint systems based on new products or when no experience has been obtained with a particular system, the
given.
sysl;em shatl be tested at least in accordance with ISO 12944-6 and meet the requirements
The paint systems have been listed in the tables using two different principles:
are
In tables A.l, A.5 and A.9, which list systems for more than one corrosivify categoly (table A.l and A'5
binder
to
the
according
referred to in the following as "summarizing tables"), the systems have been arranged
a)
coat are to
used in the top coat. This arrangement is rnore convenient when the performance properties of the top
for
systems
paint
of
durability
overall
of
the
be taken as the basis for the ryrt"- selection, and for comparison
exactly'
known
not
is
category
more than one corrosivity category when the corrosivity
ln tables A.2, A.j,A,4, A.6, A.7 ancl A.8,lvhich list systems for one corrosivity category only (referred to in the
priming
following as "individual tables"), the systerns have been arranged according to the binder used in the
to
the
environment
of
category
coat. This arrangement is oonvenient for users who know exactly the corrosivity
b)
NCtTEt8
'the
ln several eases, systoms have beel lncluded with more coatsbut no increase in expected durability'
application of more coats ;11ay b. n."".rury, and wil'be cost-efficient in particular cases (see also iSO 12944"1, sub-
NOTE
ciause 4.r't.
use
a specilier intencis to make use of the paint systems listed in tl.re tables, he should first decide whether he rvrli
fivo
the
paiilt systerns from summarizing tables or-tiom irrdividual tables because fhe system nurntreling rs different in
If
tyfles
crf table.
iir;
.; l
tii,
'.;t
:
t
g
,.
E
| ,E E
,
-fl !E Et"
:$s !
; z E.',1 2
-
E 4::
,L= E i *
iii
i : E : E;: i
+
-"
E-E
E:
3F
E;
iE
z i ,"e, i
;
ir;
i
t;:";:e;q;EFlg
,ls E : ; ; ; El+ ; ;a
a
!
ii*
83
ili ;E ^!E
:E: E
E F
':.r
v;,
,i
ie;
ii :: E+;
2tq n
;
ZE
Ea
:
q
: E I E ::* :r +i' F ;
i h
tEa 3:
r
?
E !:s zi :ef
E'ti r
; is B
d
,::
ri F s E e3=*
:;E
.o
: -E : ! :
E=* C;i
Yi i;*
liiE- E s;
+i iEI
+5i Ii EF:
'; + tE rE e:E
E *:;
S )F E eE + E
a;b
E !S ; ;; E "t 1 =uz
=-a?aG-6';9t=
o
D
Et
tEt "ij iI
!;
E:r
=a S?E
E-=
1:
(J
tr
(j
;
te
EI
:J
f>
ts
5.s
;d
F.Fx
4
r'.
de
a>
a:
dg
:5
ltl
-.i
:.=
'--
.Zu
?x
a;
U)
9:
a
=
'J'hc paint
r;1'stems given irr the
following table are only exarnples. Other painl sl,stenrs having lhe sume perforrnance arc possible.
Ifthese exanrples are used' it shall be Jnsured that tlie
paint systenrs choscn cornpJy rvith the indicared durability wheD executrorr
Paint
S
Surfacc
Prinring coat(s)
ys
sr2
2Y
Sa
nde16l
Type of Number
of coats
NDFTJ
pr i nrer2)
indero.)
Fm
Paint systcnn
ot thc
Expcctcd durability
ISO I 2944-l
Nunrber NDFTJJ
of coats
pnt
Number
of
coa ts
r-----:I r oral
LOW
Medium
t{igh
I NDFTs)
I
tml
s2.01
s2,02
:(
s2.03
i2.04
2
X
s2.0s
s2.06
AK
M isc
s2.07
s2 08
s2.09
s2,10
80
40
t20
40
2-3
120
80
't-2
80
\4
160
t-2
80
ta
80
'2-4
160
I-2
80
z-3
r20
3-5
200
l-2
100
80
AY, CR,
t-2
80
PVC4,)
AK
t-2
t-2
100
80
3-4
I60
80
IA
AY
80
l:2
80
t-2
80
t-z
.80
80
40
l-:
,80
80
t-2
80
80
s2_17
EP, PUR
5Z l8
ESI
zn {R)
r;;Jl l-"""k
l!
lall
crvlic
Folyvinvl chlolde
Epoxv
I.,Si
Etllvl sil;care
*l9]*:q4''i"----lurS1 r-usl
Zr {P') 7-i:,
l',lDI'I l.lot
4
i.-)
i,iis,,.:
120
-.
'80'r
BO
tlainfs
Waterbome
puss!
(l iq
L i
rt,
V/a1er
l)
orn i;
l,lc
x
-;-"1
-._,.'-'_-.1
"-----J
XI
)l
--'*-'--"1
-'-'---"
ll
llct:l'r'rr ''trtiglorstEtel)ti(,fli)lJqLl:'.''.i,it,irr)cr)r)rn,enJirilh:rr.rlrc.:r{:cu,rrslrtrrll,Jl*hascduaallph:rtir!,lJp
iloi- :xpiartrtion oiabbroviatiorrs. scc ii:nt cf La.,lc.
160
t60
1.2:
dinISOS50l-iist],ereltrenceg.rade
5.2,
)20
160
,.\ Y
l)\." '
_"-/\
I
EP, PUR5)
160
100.
a f-t
80
EP
X'
80
80
PL,IR
80
{:
Lti
40
s2.t4
/r_K
40
100
s2.13
S2.l
40
t-2
s2.1i
q) r f
qt r<
40
'rl,e paint
svsrcrs
,il::::il::il:T
Paint
eol
No.
S ys1
!r9S{f
A/g
o tso
ng
i.".:i:1';lr'n^rlbc
,",f"iiJlf;l;"LiilJ ll:t:;li,"11,:,:[::i]Jlil.::i:*rT[:,1...
Jnsured,r,.',ii"1",,,
lS u rfacc
preparatiun
Priming coat(s)
Top
u,itr
coar ls)
are possible
rrre indicated durabirity u,hcn ex,:cution
inclu Ing
:qra d el )
St
Sa 2'/,
Binder 6)
1'ype
of
prinre12)
NDF Tr)
of coa
nder8)
!nt
Paint system
i3
(see 5.5
NoEl
F"''*
]
or
lrm of
N
coats
02
s3 03
80
3.04
s3
80
05
AK
M isc
I06
urnbel
coats
3,08
s3.ll
-l tl
)J. IJ
2-t
120
80
3Jl
160
80
2-tl
160
200
z0
80
80
l-2
80
80
t-2
80
BIT
4)
2-3
z0
200
2-3
z0
3-j
200
2-3
60
3-ji
240
60
1-1.
240
t-2
80
t4
S3
40
l-7
160
I-2
80
l-2
i3.t6
EP
It8
s3.i9
s3 20
EP, PUR
x
EP, PUR6)
zn (R)
40
z-J
2:3.
160
3-5
:::.240
160
l-2
:iI20.,'
2-.t
160
I-2
120
160
80
(]F., PVC
t-2
I]P, PUR5)
80
---,--J
lL"q.-l 2-oack
I
I
200
3-4
200
I60
80
80
160
20
34
80
2-3
rDmmm
200
160
200
Paints (l
i',lo ofcon-,por,elts
Wflte rl,i
80
l-{
.
t20
''
l,:".16A'.'.
lr
AY
80
N";i.." -r;tJ
l
t20
80
80
'200
200
80
z'tzr
3-5
40
240
40
t20
H igh
160
2-3
EP, PUR5)
M cdiurn
200
80
40
s-.1..',2-<
-,*'-*--+|
st :5
80
40
t60
80
80
sJ.24
---
240
t-2
EP, PUR5)
40
7))
3-4
34
160
AY
80
s3. 17
60
80
120
80
Lorv
t20
a-)
AY,CR,PVC4)
ta I
1-2
80
80
s3.09
g1l!
80
80
40
'.1'o
NDFT]
pm,
s3 07
AK
80
t3kcs
Expccted durabilitr
and ISO 12941-l)
(s)
i3.0
0nle
id)
Watr:r
bolrs
Iros:riblc
;cssjb
I
I
!,
i-
II:
i)
3)
1j
i,;.f.;i=lI;l-I,',",*.::"]]]:..l;'.I|.?,.'iuJ;,i],.:l:]:'f..:".'"grae,Fc,r
sc-e j,2, rvlisc = Misc..lar,eou" ;;?;;;,t,;;;;;,,,;;;,:il;
)l
l,
ll;l:: :::.|l1f:l,::::::i',,T
rrc
requir_ed, it
i,,.",",,.""iJ,t
Lhut
:)
8)
t.0
intcmr:diate coats
r1'
ii
coats
l,a.seci
on airphatic pUR
ci1!. tll
,1j::::ilili"1i :';ii::';!'n'"
Paint
Syslem
No.
o'
urfacc
,,lilj:"i
Prirning coat(s)
rrpa ration
Sr2
Sa 2t/z
indo18)
B inderu)
pr imer2)
l4--ir
11
YI?
s4.03
80
80
l3
x
EP
S4
BIT
S4
120
2-3
120
2-1
160
)tl
EP, PUR6)
Zn (R)
s4.21
s4.22
':
K
s4.)-4
r60
t-4
240
J-f
280
2-3
120
J-l
200
z-)
160
3-5
240
40
2.00
120
280
2-3'
160
3-5
240
120
4.2..
80
2-3
200
J<,
240
4-6
tz0
2-3
160
160
1A
200
240
4)n
;4 ).3
200
3-4
120
a-)
I 50 -''.
40
12
t60
3-4
200
EP, PUR5)
200
z,-J
240
:290
llt'
'!!
200
244
I20
l6t)
34
200
3-4
240
200
34
2ti0
.+-J
320
t-2
80
2-3
EP PIIRs)
8C
R0
ng coar(s)
Pair ts (liq'
i'[;'*'r
,onents
-nack
l-";.k
ossi blg
160
oomF
yd
Ac;
-;'-Ti
-"-i; 'Y
-:ll__-_., __ :'n
j_= p.F^^
u__-_--.
yuc
lf
)i
'.2
)
.r)
4)
5)
6)
t)
8)
Li
()l-j
(liq
ponenls
Wati;rboi
Fai nts
;f";;
't"
-r!----+l K-,.----".--4u,
:n
|llililTlltlt
)
Water.
80
l-4
8',\)
'.
I60
3-4
80
30
280
'320
120
2-3
I6L)
80
4.J2
. 4-5I
80
ESIT)
J-4
)-4
80
ia lo
320
ln
80
-i"l 'l
280
40
80
x
.__..::_J
200
80
40
High
200
200
4A
x
?_40
4A
;4.23
3-5
40
X
2E0
2-3
L40
l-5
160
EP, PUR5)
Mcdium
200
i60
40
LOW
pnl
160
4]
80
l-2
NDFl'])
80
l-2
S4
Expected dunrbiliii'
200
_-"-_Jl tJR ..
Lakcs
2-3
I't-4)
40
j4-
80
s4.1 4
80
M isc
:4.12
s4.
80
80
14.09
s4.1
-2
4't0
coats
AK
80
s4.05
a08
urrbe
80
Yg
s4.07
of
80
AK
s4 06
rng
gradel)
In0D
re
X
X
x
x
/.
ci antjccirosive pigments
rlher dc_talls.
r the paint manufac:furcr,
iijed that the last coat shnuld bc basetl ol aliphatic PU]{,
vided that tire Ep or pUii ,t inc rich prrnter crrttsen is
suitable for
SuLj!.,r t::I C,lalj.
neorrs type,i
,i",rri
sucLr an
2B0Ci
Lyngby
lscr r?944-5:.t998(E)
o tso
'1'he
iiji::;::']i:T,J:..:i::,;;:'..',u.Jn,u,"a_iioiii"l,i"..,,.",",cllosencotlp|ywi|htheindlcatedtlurab|ity
Paint
Systcnl
Su
p
t\ 0.
rep
rtace
a
Priming coat(s)
ration
gra del )
Paint syslcm
[)xp
Sa Tt/t
Binder
2)
Type ol
primerl. of coa
CR
s5.02
Misc
DI-
T{
E] i
\DFT4 Nltmbe
nde12)
f coatl
Frn
80
120
s5-01
ES]6)
Itn
of
coatu
Io1 al
L M H
NDFT4
EP, PUR5)
s5.07
s5.08
s5.09
i4
200
16.0
80
3-4
200
i6
02
80
200
280
i6
07
80
240
320
s6,l
200
240
s7 08
40
3-4
280
A<
320
s7 09
EP + CR lo)
t20
160
120
200
EP, PUR5)
Zn (R)
40
200
240
2-4
60
3-5
240
s6.06
s6,09
80
204
280
s6.03
80
80
Misc
EP, PUR?)
s7 02
s5 l2
200
280
S5
\o l0
80
240
3-5
?tn
i6
50
150
300
s(
EP, PUR
L:
Misc
80
1?
ESI6)
zn (R)
CTV9)
At8)
100
Misc.
400
EP, PUR5)
zn (R)
!,P,
s5.27
CTEg)
PLTR5)
240
Ep+CTEe)l
0)
?00
CT\'9)
200
CTV9)
lvl r sc
t00
C'I E9)
2C0
zn (R)
4C
lreo
Fain
---N".;--
500
280:
.J
s6,04
360
_;::-_.
ChLo111 ated
00
400
s7 01
00
s7,t6
ill|iltl
,s7
V"'algi
possi ble
v.
llth','i
I:e!":--_-
_._,._
ioal ta firly.l_._-_..__-._
C-oal ta
;;-
2i
iir:r
.r)
v_
-:__
It
gr-ade A, B or
(.
as
{tP
X
UR -
VC
=
:11-V ',
.
TI'l
_9PeLv_*__.*-*
t!
$sliil.--bornr
WaLer-borle,
rubLer
Polvurt )tnaDe
s7.04
300
componerirs
-pack | 2-oack
s7.t4
06
lrsqt)---_-
s7. t2
400:
40
08
s7,07
s7,03
320.''
250
80
EP, PTIR
*9
70
J-9
250
s5.t8
s5
zn (R)
ESI6)
s? 0l
80
EP, PUR
'7
t20
40
SlJ If;
Acrylic
Chlu;irated
4-;:+-,:J
rLibber
Epoxy
Polyureihane
Polvvinvl chloride
Coal lar vinvl
Coul Lat sDo):\
-.t
gracie.
olrl!s,v plgrirenr
4)
-il
or
i,l_f
6)
!)
h)
9)
-!
!2)
111
''j'/slgms
ifr
l3)
M isc
!s,1i
t0)
?)
EP, PUR
ESt6)
S5
ii)
lr
s5 l0
1
A6
CR, PVC
40
s5.06
ta blcs
cs-M
l-2
Zn (R
s5.05
s5.1
l-2
EP, PUR5)
04
Cor rts-p0nding
paint sl,stcm
nunrbct in
12944-1)
c5-l I
pnn
s5.01
s5
tcd
IS0
st2
ec
durabilityll)
r:arr
hr c5 M
lSfi
'l
;1944-5
:1
i\/S
.998{E)
{15_1
Paint
Su rfa ce
Systenl
preparation
gra del)
No.
Priming coat(s)
Sa 2t/z
Paint
Expectcd durability
s5r511a1
coat(s)
tJtrd,er/
Type
of Number
primer2)
NDFTJ)
of coats
Fm
t-z
80
tJ
rnder
/,
lso
Number
of
NDFT3)
coats
Frn
Number
of
coats
Total
Low
12944-l)
Mediun High
NDFT])
iltn
s6.01
CR
s6.02
s6.03
Mrsc
80
s6 04
s6.05
40
Zn (R)
s6 08
80
s6.10
ES16)
s6.1 I
80
80
.l
'80
Paints (liquid)
No. of components
| -nack
Chlorinated rubber
2-pack
Polyurethane
t20
J-+
l-2
80
3-4
200
200
280
3-4
240
4-6
320
t20
160
200
200
24
240
3-5
320
2-4
160
3-5
240
200
280
24A
200
240
zao
Paints (liquid)
Waterbome
No. of
commnents
possible
x
stltcate
EP, PUR4)
Epoxi
tthyl
80
s6,09
=
=
EP, PUR4)
40
s6 07
PUR
80
EP, PUR5)
s6 06
CR
EP
20
EP, PUR
.=
:
:
CR
AY
PVC
EP
PUR
-pacl
Chlorinated rubber
Acrylic
?-pack
Water-
bome
rossi blr
Polyvinyl chloride
Epoxy
Polyurethane
grade
orrosl./e prgments
coat should be based on aliphatrc pUR
orPUR zinc rich pnmerchosen is surtabje forsuch
!)
anNDFT !n lhis
cas-e, tlre
lsc
2S{J0
Lvngby
o tso
29ri,:tr-5:1 99S{E)
as
Paint
Su
Systrrn
No
rface
Priruing coat(s)
pr cp arati on
Sa 2tA
inder
Type
o[
s7.01
Nunrbcr
NDFT3)
of coats
pn'1
It
CR
80
s7.02
in
derlo)
80
s7.03
EP, PUR
Misc
s7.04
150
I-2
400
! /.Uf)
250
s7.07
40
s7.08
EP. PUR5
Zn (R)
i7.09
s7 l0
;1.12
ESI6)
s7.13
4
) /- l )
i7.16
CTVs)
Al7)
CTEs)
Misc.
NDFTI)
Fm
Nurnber
oI coats
120
34
200
120
200
]50
'.2
300
240
4-6
j-q
EP, PUR4J
3
Chlorinated rubber
Epoxv
trP
250
'.2
500
200
,1
240
200
240
280
4=5
320
EP + CR9)
EP, PUR4)
40
CTV8)
360
400
40
CTEE)
.360
400
80
EP, PUR4)
EP + CTEs) 9)
3-5
80
240
,280
80
EP, PUR4)
2-4
240
3-5
100
CTV8)
200
320
300 '
CTE8)
200
300
160
200
ES,L_: __ Erhfls_ilicare _
ffA_: _____!S.lEterhane _
V '-lb =
I
CoaltareDoxv
l)
1)
4)
J)
6)
1)
LYi
e)
| {.1)
?0
Paints fliquid)
No. of
Watercomponents
nossihle
CR
PVC
Ef
PUR
ITV
:
:
=
=
:
fE
AY
2)
Water-
x
x
High
320
40
100
2-oack
Low Mcdiun
400
bo rne
I -pack
Total
12944-r)
NDF]'3)
tfrl
40
Paints (liquid)
No. ofcomponenls
Number
of coats
EP, PUR4J
80
s7.0s
rR
Expccted durabilifi'
rso
prime12)
;'1 .t
Paint systcm
coat(s)
gradel)
sr2
i7.l
takes
--
r-;;;kl
Chlorinated rubber
2-oack
borne
hlr
rnsqi
Polwinvl chloride
Epoxy
Polyurethane
Coal tar vinvl
Coal tar eDoxv
Acrylic
K
X
iror Sl 2 ii rusi grlde rr, B or C as defined in ISO 8.501-! is the relerence grade,
Ztt (R): Zinc ricir plimer, ser,5.2, Misc = fvlisccllaneous lypes of anticorrost,/e plgments,
t{DFT.= }.lominal Dry Filrn Thickness. See j.4 for rirriher detaiis,
Ifcolc,ur anri gloss retention is required, it is recornmended that the iast coat should be bascd on aliphatic PUR.
It js also possrnie to work wittr an l.lDFI of flO pr provided that the EP or PUR zinc fich primer chosen ir; suitable for such an NDFT ln this case,
tlre NDFT ol ihe complere painJ sysLem can be adjusrel. by subsequelrt coats,
ll is rero:nm:rdcd that cne of the internedilic coats it used ae a tie ccat,
-41
'.
j,
;,..,!.,,
Lieens*kabt
l flempe l AJ:S
af
Lu n dteftevej 1 50,,
g00,Lyn g by-.
lhe
,n"-,"3,?l',1,1,[
Surface
System
No.
preparation
be Jnsured
ffi'',Tiil
if'
s
ffiffifflT"1jilh*rtJ;l3po,.iur"
p^i',
'r"i
Priming coat(s)
wirh
Bindets)
Type
of Number
prime12)
EP, PUR
NDFTJ)
of coats
EP4)
Misc.
Binders for
p.irning
Number
of coats
Total
Low
5)
CTPURs)
500
540
80
EP, PUR
300
380
800
500
I I
looo
120
380
000
CTPUR5)
*x$
Paints (liquid)
No. ofcomponenk
Paints (liouid)
Water-
No,
borne
EP :
PUB :
3TP =
-pack
Epoxy
polyurethane
2-pack
x
X
x
x
of table.
of
oossible
Ep
Epoxy
PUR
Polyrrethane
=
=
:
ITE
ITPUR =
?'9
High
NDFT3)
40
800
CTE4)
NDFTJ)
pjn
Expectcd durability
(see 5.5 and
rso 12944-l)
CTE5)
x
x
Number
of coats
rakes
EP, PUR
CTE5)
s8.10
Paint system
ltrn
Zn (R)
EP
Binde16)
Fm
S8,02
s8.p8
"*""ution
coat(s)
Sa 2%
s8.06
durabiriry *r'"ln
grader)
sr2
ahe indicared
Waterborne
,".
ISC 129,44-5:1e9S(E)
o tso
on1f;
tie
ili:,?:,ttJ,*lperforn,ance
are possibre,
ISO 12944-l)
OerJ,
crlc4
lcs-t
lcs-v
SO 12944,4.
t-dip-galvan.ized surface,
at should be based on aliphatic pUR.
4d
.Arasnex
{informative)
Table C,1: General properties of different generic types of paint
C
A
e
Excellent
Good
Pot-rr
Not relevant
different
formulations of the same generic fype of
productl)
Gloss rr:tention
Colour retention
Iilater immersion
liolvents (splash)
l\cids (splash)
hlkalis (splash)
Ilguts-tgrl. qlg_$Llge!_ _
60 to ?0 "C
'70
to i 20 .c
120
to 150 "C
!al
h _vs
cal .proirerti es
A.brasion resistance
Irnpact resistance
F-lexibilily
Fl
ardness
Application bv
Llrushing
Roller coating
l)
_L^--'
1'u,1o syrtrbois