Drainage (ExTRA Qs ) “Why does Brahmaputra ia its Tibetan part has les silt despite a longer couse? Despite a longer course the Brahmapitra in its Tibetan part has ess silt as iver receives less aaeeae of tec du to low rainfall, but in India it flows through a region which receives heavy’ nfl, 3 sueh the river carries a large volume of water and considerable amount of silt. ‘Why ae Assam and Bangladesh frequently affected by flood? ‘Every year during te ay season, th Brahmsputra overflows its banks causing widespread devastation due to floods in Assam & Bangladesh, $Brahmaputa is marked by huge deposits of silt on is bed causing the riverbed to ise [River als shifts its cabnnels frequently so consruction of dam i lo dificult, So, Assam & Bangladesh ae frequently affected by floods. Give a short note on peninsular river. ost ofthe pensular iver originates in the western ghats and low west teat such 5 , ‘Matanadi, Krishna, Godavari etc and drain into Bay of Bengsl. «The rivers form extensive deltas at their mouths ~ Frndlgrcams flow west of westem ghats. Largest wet flowing vers are Narmada & Tap these Hess ‘abs speil fares a thi mouth called extuacies. The rinage basin is comparatively very smal ‘What i the role of rivers in the economy of country? They provide water a natural resource which s essential for human activites They ntact suites andar useful for isigation, navigation, genesstinghydel power et 1 Bptuaries are biologically productive areas ofthe world Rivers are this considered a arteries of commerce. kat re the cause of ver pollution? What steps have been taken by government o congo i? Causes: FES, somatic, municipal industrial agricultural demand for water affect the quality of water The volume of water i reduced due to over usage. TI pais of unveated sewage industrial eflvents re empl int the vers which affects the quality and self ~ cleansing capcity ofthe rivers. _ jnewasing urbanization, industializaton, overpopulation demands more water. — eee inment ins lnaned vans actin plan cleaner wet, Bg Ganga Acton Plan ‘Write short notes on Ganga Action Plan Phase 1 11. = ltwas stared in 1985 & closed on 31 March 2000. "ete of National iver conservation Authority have reviewed the GAP and made necessary ‘correction of Phase I Phun Ihnaw coves 192 towns located along 77 inter-state river in 16 states, Under this poliion eremring work was unde-aken in 57 towns, 215 schemes of pollution have been sanctioned SEG fohemies have been completed anda milo ites Of sewage i targeted tobe interac, diverted and treated. ‘What do you understand by the term braided channel of Brahmaputrs? Tincia‘Srahmaputra passes trough a resion of high reinfall Here the rive caries large volume twtr and constable amount af sil, Due to the deposition ofthe sit throught is fa Assaia th river forms many riverine islands making a braided channel, Way are coastal rivers short? ‘The coastal pains between westerr ats and Are! axe shor. Drag sea are vers raw, Hence coastal oversDrainage 1. Why does Brahmaputra in its Tibetan patt has less silt despite a longer course? Despite a longer course the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part has less silt as river receives less volume of wter due to low rainfall, but in India it flows through a region which receives heavy rainfall. As such the river carries a large volume of water and considerable amount of silt. 2, Why are Assam and Bangladesh frequently affected by flood? Every year during the r:iny season, the Brabmaputra over flows its banks causing widespread devastation due to floods in Assam & Bangladesh, Brahmaputra is marked by huge deposits of silt on its bed causing the riverbed to rise. River also shifts its cahnnels frequently so construction of damn is also diffioult So, Assam & Bangladesh are frequently affected by floods. 3. Give a short note on peninsular rivers, - Most of the peninsular river originates in the western ghats and flow west to east such as ‘Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari ete and drain into Bay of Bengal. ~The rivers form extensive deltas at their mouths. ~ Small streams flow west of western ghats. Largest west flowing rivers are Narmada & Tapi, these _ rivers form a special features at their mouth called estuaries. The drainage basin is comparatively very small. 4, Whatiis the role of rivers in the economy of a country? - They provide water a natural resource which is essential for human activities They attract settlers and are useful for irrigation, navigation, generating hydel power ete - Estuaries are biologically productive areas of the world. Rivers are thus considered as arteries of commerce. 5, What are the causes of river pollution? What steps have been taken by government to control it? Causes: “Growing domestic, municipal, industrial, agricultural demand for water affect the quality of ‘water. The volume of water is reduced due to over usage - Heavy loads of untreated sewage écindustrial effluents are emptied into the rivers which affects the quality and self ~ cleansing capacity of the rivers. ~Tncreasing urbanization, industrialization, over pépulation demands more water. = So, the government has launched various action plan to clean river water. Eg., Ganga Action Plan 6. Write short notes on Gange Action Plan Phase I &lI ~ Tt was started in 1985 & closed on 31% March 2000. ~ Committee of National river conservation Authority have reviewed the GAP and made necessary correction of Phase I. = Phase IT now covers 152 towns located along 27 inter-state rivers in 16 states. Under this pollution cleaning work was undertaken in 57 towns, 215 schemes of pollution have been sanctioned. - So far 69 schemes have been completed and a million litres of sewage is targeted to be interapted, diverted and treated. 7. What do you understand by the term braid in India Brehmeputra passes through a region of high rainfall. Here the river carries large volume of water and considerable amount of silt. Due to the deposition of the silt throughcut its charune} in Assam the river forms many riverine islands making a braided channel. ied channel of Brahmapuitra? 8. Why are coastal rivers ‘The coasta! plains between ¥ short, ow. Hence coastal r.vers gi ats and Arzbian sea are versx INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM SUBJECT DRAINAGE 1, What is meant by water divide? Give eg. ‘A mountoin of upland that separates two drainage basins is known of a water divide. Eg. Amboli situated on water divide between the Indus ond Ganga basins ASS IX GEOGRAPHY 2. Which is the largest river bosin in inci? Ganga Basin is the largest river basin in Indic, 3. Where do the Indus and Ganga have their origin? Incus: Near Lake Mansarovor, in Tibet Gonga: Gangotti Glacier 4. Name the two headstreams of the Ganga and the piace they merge. The two headstreams of the Ganga are the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi. They metge of Devaprayag in Uttarenchal to form the Ganga. 5. Define the following: 3. Gorge A gorge Is a deep volley with steep sides which is cut out of mountain sides, by river action in areas of low rainfall, where the river has plenty of supply of water from sources higher up. I water lake olmost cut off from the see by o beach or a coral ree!. Eg. Loke Chika, Lake Puc! . Delta ‘A delta is @ rough triangular orec of sediments formed at tne mouth of a ‘iver-which contains ¢ lot of sit and alluvium, which are favourable to cagricutture. £9. Gongo-Brchmoputra Delta in Bangladesh. 2. Estuary An estuary is 0 sharp edged mouth of a river, devoid of any deposi e. Trough A trough is an elongated low areo made by erosion cctivities of o river. 1. boke A lake is c body of water tha! entirely surtounded by land. 15 on @ hollow in the ecrih’s surtace. andis 6, Why does the Brchmaputta inils Tibetan part hove less sit. despi couse? In Tibet, the river Brahmeputra casies a smaller volume of water, as it posses through a cold and dry oreo with less rainfall. That is why the Brahmaputra in its Fbeton part has less sil. despite a longer course. along 7. Which wo peninsular rivers flow through a trough? Narmada, Topi 8. Differentiate between the peninsular and Himalayan rivers, HIMALAYAN RIVERS PENINSULAR RIVERS . Himolayan rivers are perennial. os a. Peninsular rivers are seasonal os they gel water from snow melting. they depend only on rain These rivers are long with lorge basins. smol b, these rivers ore short basins ¢. They perform intensive erosion act-_c. The intensity of erosion ac jes ond cary huge loads of sit and less becouse of gent slopes, sond, d. They form deltas, estuaries, Eg. Gango-Brohmaputre Basin krishna. . They form small deltas and e9. Godavati, Nermmada, WEST FLOWING RIVERS «2. They are Narmada, Topi ©. They are Godavari, Kshno, Kaver Mehonaci. b. They form deltas, and fall into the Bay b, They form estuaries. and fallinto the of Bengal ‘Arobian Sea. c. They have many tributaries. «. They have no mojor tributaries. d. They ore numerous, longer, andhave —_—d. There are only two prominent such comparatively larger basins. ‘ivers. They have smelt r basins 10. What is drainage patter? Wnat ore the different types of crainage patterns? The streams within a drainage basin form different pattems. depencing on slope of lond, underlying rock structure os well as the climatic conditions of the area. The different types of crainage patterns are: ©. DENDRITIC DRAINAGE develops where river channels follow the slope of the terrain. The stream With its trioutories resembles the branches of a tree. , TRELLIS DRAINAGE A fiver joined by its tributaries, ot approximately right ongies. pattern, cc. RECTANGULAR DRAINAGE develops on strongly jointed rocky terrcin. d. RADIAL DRAINAGE It develops where streams tlow in different direction from o central peak/dome lke structure. LEARN DIAGRAMS OF DRAINAGE PATTERNS, FROM T.8. (IMPORTANT) 11, Which is the fastest and largest growing delta in the world? The Sondethan & Dit Sunderbans isthe worla's fastest. largest growing delta in the workig@BB.s cso the home of the Royal Bengal Tiger. hy a e name jis deny 12, Why does River Gango form large meanders? Siow Ae Chan avers ‘Ambala is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Gange river ushich systems. The plains from Sunderbans stretch over 1,800 km but the follin siope is Oe te | hardly 300 m. In other words, there is @ fallin slope of just one metre for every 6 1 thus km, Therefore, the river develops large meanders. fegon 13, Name the freshwater ond s FRESHWATER LAKES: Dal, Bhim SALTWATER LAKES: Chika, Pulicat, Kolleru, Vemionas,Himalayan Rivers River | Source | Total length] Area Drained | Important | (Km) [in Trdig | Tributaries ‘nto vite 100 km [2900s | Jato Soi Gne of the. | seer of Mansr-}7e. enbers | eens ey'p, | dnclum, Chena, tongest arias] oss take. -. lTndia in th] {smacks Ravi, Peas, Satiy _tn the world) ladaleh distrig “UN4 @ Ganga Grangotr; | 0%¥ Asoo] Utkdranchal) Yamuna, Ghashare ce headstreams , Gondak. Kosi, Son 6 Alakoands | P8CtEY Ue, Bihar F Cemsh ase (4) Bhagirathi W-Bengal Brahmapulre About (ike | 2900 Fanachd Fae Toren knows as 3.8 of Beleaters pet ene en ieee Thang in The eamamar “Teg in) Pradesh, | sem | Arunech 4, | Tirta. Torsa, Dinang ind damon in am € are etvedls | Peedesho Asaam Peninsular Rivers e . River Source Total Tena Area Drained | Important (Km) Tributaries Narada Bees near 1300 . ‘Shor wibtarics Amarhantak parb of aM? Madhy aPr: nd Orugarat | ore L : Tei ranges HP, Guegerl rarm Hau one district CM) Naharashtra| ‘Mahan Raipur district. | 880 Moharachtral Besbmani. Bastar Chhautisgach Chhattisgarh, | Subunarkha Lyharkhasd Orissa} Godavari Nashik dist of | 1500 urna, Wardha, Clargest penta saharasnta parE of | ania sana rive) shal fram the West MP, Mahara wi ne hil een f knows es Dakshin een “Ghats | _ Lorsse : Krishna at Mahabal- | 1400 Bakar asht,| Kova Panch eshwa “) Gans Dudhyange. Maharastra Karna beka le iinsabinadra, so | Andhra Pre] tshimas etc) me | rahmagir tits] 760 Karn atake| sinc Sinaws | | Ke rele, Tan!