Project Report on

WDM/TDM-PON

Presenter: Wen Gu
Instructor: Dr. Samuel Cheng

Outline
z Introduction
z TDM-PON
z WDM-PON
z WDM/TDM-PON
z References

Introduction
Long haul network
z Since the invention of WDM/DWDM, large amount of fiber have deployed all over the
backbone network
z Bandwidth grows significantly
z Greatly surpassed the demand of global user.
Access network
z Stay in the phase of copper wires
z xDSL and cable modem provid much higher transmission speed compared to dial up
z There is a trade-off between bandwidth and loop length
z As the convergence of data, voice, and video traffic, the bandwidth of copper wires
restrict the higher data rate
z It is unavoidable that fiber will replace traditional copper wires in access network

Figure 1. xDSL Configuration

TDM-PON
z TDM-PON(Passive Optical Network) has emerged as a promising
technology to replace conventional access network.
z Point to multipoint (P2MP) topology without any active components
from CO to the user.

Figure 2. PON Architecture

PON Evolution
ITU-T G.983
ATM-PON (APON)
z The first Passive optical network standard
z Established in the early 90s last century
z Based on ATM
z Mainly developed in Germany
z Typical data rate: 54 Mbps to 155 Mbps
Broadband PON (BPON)
z Support 622 Mbps

IEEE 802.3ah
Ethernet PON (EPON)
Completed in2004 as part of the first mile project
Based on Ethernet protocol
Data rate: 1.25 Gbps in both downstream and upstream direction

ITU-T G.984
Gigabit PON (GPON)
2.5 Gbps in downstream direction and 1.25 Gbps in upsteam direction

10-GEPON
In early 2006, EPON also began to work on 10 Gigabit/second EPON
standard

Figure 3. History of PON development

EPON Architecture
Figure 4. Ethernet Frame format in EPON

Figure 5. EPON Architecture

Evaluation of TDM-PON
Security issues
z

Broadcast nature

Bandwidth sharing
z

each user could get is also diminished.

Short transmission distance

z

Due to the fact that many users share an optical splitter

Complicated bandwidth allocation protocol

z

The protocol needed to implement TDM and dynamically allocate

bandwidth is very complicated and not easy to realize.

WDM-PON
Dedicated wavelength from OLT (CO) to ONU
Point-to-point topology
Remote Node (RN) replace splitter
Multiplexer / demultiplexer

Each user is equipped with a transmitter and receiver

WDM-PON Architecture

Figure 6. WDM-PON Architecture

Evaluation
Pros:
Huge bandwidth and guaranteed Quality of Service
(QoS)
Safe and good security
Longer transmission distance
Reduce the complexity
Easier to implement compared to TDM-PON.

Cons:

Only but pretty huge issue:

cost

Gbps rates of WDM-PON is too large for a single user

Big portion of the bandwidth of one wavelength is wasted

Large number of wavelengths needed

more fibers

more transceivers

build such architecture as well as the maintenance fee

Thus, unless
z

Drop of cost of components

Component installation fee large

Increase of bandwidth demand

Actually impractical to implement WDM-PON in at least a few years

So, what can we do?

WDM/TDM-PON
z Compromise between WDM-PON and TDM-PON
z Combine the advantages of Both technologies
z First WDM, then TDM
z One wavelength per ONU
z Several NTs (Network Terminal) connected to one OUN
z Each NT serves one or more users
z Traffic from/to NT are time multiplexed

Figure 7. WDM/TDM PON Architecture (Downstream)

Figure 7. WDM/TDM PON Architecture supporting two topology

Conclusion
z Unlike EPON which has already been applied and deployed
z WDM/TDM-PON now is just a proposal and active research area
z Not specified as any standard yet

But we believe
z WDM/TDM-PON combines the advantages of TDM-PON and WDM-PON
z Further research of the protocol and architecture
z WDM/TDM-PON has enormous potential market.

References
[1] Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, Next generation hierarchical CWDM/TDM-PON network
with scalable bandwidth deliverability to the premises, Optical Switching and
Networking, Volume 2, Issue 3, November 2005, Pages 163-175.
[2] Glen Kramer and Gerry Pesavento, Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON): Building
a Next-Generation Optical Access Network, IEEE Communication Magazine, Feb. 2002,
pp. 66-73.
[3] Lee, C.-H.; Sorin, W. V.; Kim, B. Y., Fiber to the Home Using a PON Infrastructure,
Lightwave Technology, Journal of Volume 24, Issue 12, Dec. 2006 Page(s):4568
4583.
[4] Sierra, A.; Kartalopoulos, S.V., Evaluation of Two Prevalent EPON Networks Using
Simulation Methods, Telecommunications, 2006. AICT-ICIW '06. International
Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services/Advanced International
Conference on 19-25 Feb. 2006 Page(s):48 48.

Q ?