Fixed irrigation pumps

Irrigation and other agricultural applications make use of different

pumps depending upon the location and what power
sources are available. Permanent surface installations normally
have single-stage pumps in accordance with Section
1.3.4 or multi-stage pumps in accordance with Sections 1.3.12
and 1.3.21. When wells have been sunk, submersible
deep-well pumps in accordance with Sections 1.3.13, 1.3.18
and 1.6.3 are used. The drive is generally an electric motor although
diesel or LPG operation are alternatives. Some large installations
in very remote locations use crude oil burning engines
or natural gas. The required pump performance depends
upon the type and size of the installation. Normal duties lie
within the range 10 to 100 m3/h with heads of the order of 50 to
120m.
1.3.5 Horizontal single-stage end-suction overhung
impeller centrifugal pumps (for chemical applications
includes ISO 2858, ISO 3069, ISO 3661,
ASMEIANSI B73.1 designs)
ANSI, the American National Standards Institute, has a philosophy
more similar to DIN than ISO in that it specifies materials
and mechanical seal options. B73.1 is a standard for single
stage centrifugal pumps, with back pull-out, intended for chemical
and corrosive duties. Construction is similar to Section
1.3.21. The Standard specifies bareshaft pump dimensions,
also installation dimensions for complete packages with motor
and baseplate. The Standard does not specify hydraulic duties.
Mechanical seal arrangements, with various piping plans, are
detailed to cover most applications.
Depending upon materials and cooling arrangements pumps
must be suitable for at least 260 ~ The Standard specifies material
columns with casings in:

9 Cast iron

9 Ductile iron (spheroidal graphite iron)

9 Carbon steel
Figure 1.7 A small pressed/fabricated stainless steel pump
ure 1.6, and a back-pull-out facility when driven via a spacer
coupling.
The Standard does not define materials of construction, only
performance and physical dimensions. The Standard comprises
a total of 29 sizes with discharge connections from 32 up
to 150 mm. The nominal performance at BEP specifies flow of 6
to 315 m3/h and the differential head of 5 to 80 m. The pump
casing must have a pressure rating of 10 barg. The pump's design,
Figure 1.6, consists of a system of units based on three
basic shaft sizes.
The pumps are generally built with cast iron casings, cast iron
or bronze impellers and stainless steel shafts. Some manufacturers
have bronze and steel casings available, as well as plastic
impellers. The space, allocated for soft packing and mechanical
seals, is small, limiting the use of the pumps to
non-hazardous liquids. The intent of the Standard was to allow
interchangeability between manufacturers, equipment and provide
the user with greater choice. EN 735 lists the tolerances on
pump dimensions to ensure interchangeability.
Figure 1.7 shows a small pressed/fabricated stainless steel
pump. This style of construction allows very thin walls to be
used and hence minimising material costs. Exotic materials
can be used providing suitable rolled sheet is available. Of
course, initial production costs are high because press tools
are very expensive. Many pumps must be produced to recover
the tooling costs. Hydraulics from popular standards, such as
EN 733, are used to ensure sales into existing markets.

9 Alloy steel

9 18-8 stainless steel

9 18-10-2 stainless steel

Many manufacturers can supply pumps in more exotic materials
such as; Carpenter 20, Hastelloy B & C, duplex stainless
steels; as well as non-metallic materials like glass reinforced
polymer. The Standard requires a corrosion allowance of
0.125", 3 mm.
Pump sizes vary from 11/2 to 10 suction connections with
flanges to ANSI B16.1, B16.5 or B16.42. Impeller diameters
range from 6" to 15". At 3600 rpm, pumps are capable of
1680m3/h at heads up to 300m. At 3000 rpm the performance
falls off slightly to 1400 m3/h at 208 m. ANSI does specify pressure
ratings for the pumps; 125LB/150LB flange rating, 12 barg
and 20 barg. An option for 250LB/300LB flanges is given.
The Standard specifies a minimum bearing life of 17500 hours
at maximum load conditions. On test, with a speed of + 10% of
operating speed, the peak velocity of vibration shall not exceed
0.25 in/s, 6.35 mm/s.
End-suction pumps can suffer high axial thrust due to high suction
pressure. Shortened bearing life may result. Manufacturers
should confirm the bearing life if it is less than the standard
requirement.
ISO has prepared a standard recommendation, ISO 2858 for
end-suction centrifugal pumps, pressure rating PN 16 (maximum
pressure 1.6 MPa = 16 barg). This is included in British
Standard EN 22858 and equivalent to the German Standard
DIN 24256. The Standard specifies the principal dimensions