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DiseasesofPoultry

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ByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

BookContents

BacterialDiseases

INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)

ESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONS
SALMONELLOSES
PARATYPHOIDINFECTIONS
FOWLCHOLERA
RIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONS
MYCOPLASMA
NECROTICENTERITIS
CHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENS
GANGRENOUSDERMATITIS
BOTULISM
AVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseases
VIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITIS
HAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYS
EGGDROPSYNDROME1976
ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONS
INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)
INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)
LARYNGOTRACHEITIS
SWOLLENHEADSYNDROME
INFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITIS
215.Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro) is an acute, highly contagious viral
NEWCASTLEDISEASE
infection in chickens manifested by inflammation and subsequent atrophy of the
FOWLPOX
bursa of Fabricius, various degrees of nephrosonephritis and immunosuppression.
REOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultry

Clinically the disease is seen only in chickens older than 3 weeks. The feathers
aroundtheventareusuallystainedwithfaecescontainingplentyofurates.

VIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASE
LYMPHOIDLEUKOSIS

MYELOCYTOMATOSIS
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS
ADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

Halamid
HyLineInternational

ParasiticDiseases
COCCIDIOSIS
HISTOMONOSIS
ASCARIDIOSIS
RAILLIETINOSIS
KNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

ECOAnimalHealth
PasReform
Petersime

MycosesandMycotoxicoses
ASPERGILLOSIS
ASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITIS
AFLATOXICOSIS
CANDIDIASIS
216.Theperiodofmostapparentclinicalsymptomsandhighdeathrateisattheage
FUSARIOTOXICOSES

DeficiencyDiseases

Partners

of 3 6 weeks. IBD could however be observed as long as chickens have a

functioning bursa (up to the age of 16 weeks). In chickens younger than 3 weeks,
IBD could be subclinical, but injured bursa leads to immunosuppression. Also,
diarrhoea,anorexia,depression,ruffledfeathers,especiallyintheregionofthehead
andtheneckarepresent.

VITAMINB2DEFICIENCY
VITAMINBiDEFICIENCY
VITAMINEDEFICIENCY
FATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROME
SLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)

Other
PULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENS
AMYLOIDOSIS
DEEPPECTORALMYOPATHY
RUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERS
CAGELAYERFATIGUE
DYSCHONDROPLASIA
THYPERKERATOSIS

http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/6/diseasesofpoultry/193/infectiousbursaldiseasegumboro

JansenPoultryEquipment
ABVista
rlconsulting
CIDLINES
VencomaticGroup
Biomin
Novogen
GrimaudFreres

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INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)DiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

GOUT
HYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENS
EFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSIN
BROILERCHICKENS
GIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTS
ROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)
ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATION
ACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATION
SPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYS
SUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMA
GASTROINTESTINALIMPACTION
MALFORMATIONS

SeasonalPicks

217.A natural IBD infection is mostly observed in chickens. In turkeys and ducks it
couldoccursubclinical^,withoutimmunosuppression.MostisolatesoftheIBDvirus
in turkeys are serologically different from those in chickens. In premises, once
contaminated with the IBD virus, the disease tends to recur, usually as subclinical
infection. The dead bodies are dehydrated, often with haemorrhages in the pectoral,
thighandabdominalmuscles.

218.TheIBDvirusbelongstotheBirnaviridaefamilyofRNAviruses.Twoserotypes
areknowntoexist,butonlyserotype1ispathogenic.Thevirusishighlyresistantto
most disinfectants and environmental onditions. In contaminated premises, it could
persist for months and in water, forage and faeces for weeks. The incubation period
is short and the first symptoms appear 23 days after infection. The lesions in the
bursa of Fabricius are progressive. In the beginning, the bursa is enlarged,
oedematousandcoveredwithagelatinoustransudate.

219.IBDvirushasalymphocidiceffectandthemostsevereinjuriesareinthelymph
folliclesofthebursaofFabricius.Mostcommonly,IBDbeginsasaserousbursitis.

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INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)DiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

220.221.222.IBD lesions undergo various stages of serous haemorrhagic to severe

haemorrhagic inflammation. The morbidity rate is very high and could reach 100%,
whereasthemortalityrate:2030%.Thecourseofthediseaseis57daysandthe
peakmortalityoccursinthemiddleofthisperiod.

223.224.In some cases, the bursa is filled with coagulated fibrinous exudate that
usually forms casts with the shape of mucosal folds. In birds surviving the acute
stage of the disease, the bursa is progressively atrophying. Microscopically, an
atrophy of follicles into the bursa is observed secondary to inflammatory and
dystrophicnecrobioticalterations.

225.The kidneys are affected by a severe urate diathesis. In an acute outbreak and

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INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)DiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite
manifestation of the typical clinical signs, the diagnostics is not difficult. The
diagnosis could be confirmed by detection of typical gross lesions throughout a
pathoanatomical study. IBD should be differentiated from IBH (inclusion body
hepatitis). The application of live vaccines in chickens is a key point in the
preventionofIBDandshouldberelatedtothelevelsofmaternalantibodies.

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