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E v en t s

DiseasesofPoultry

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ByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

BookContents

BacterialDiseases

VIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASE

ESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONS
SALMONELLOSES
PARATYPHOIDINFECTIONS
FOWLCHOLERA
RIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONS
MYCOPLASMA
NECROTICENTERITIS
CHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENS
GANGRENOUSDERMATITIS
BOTULISM
AVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseases
VIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITIS
HAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYS
EGGDROPSYNDROME1976
ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONS
INFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)
INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)
LARYNGOTRACHEITIS
SWOLLENHEADSYNDROME
INFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITIS
NEWCASTLEDISEASE
FOWLPOX
REOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultry
VIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASE
LYMPHOIDLEUKOSIS
MYELOCYTOMATOSIS
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS
ADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

ParasiticDiseases
COCCIDIOSIS
HISTOMONOSIS
ASCARIDIOSIS
RAILLIETINOSIS
KNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

MycosesandMycotoxicoses
ASPERGILLOSIS
ASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITIS
AFLATOXICOSIS
CANDIDIASIS
FUSARIOTOXICOSES

279.280.281.Acute (visceral) form.It is characterized by diffuse or nodular

lymphomatous lesions in various viscera (liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, lungs,
VITAMINB2DEFICIENCY
gonads, proventriculus, pancreas etc.), the skeletal muscles and the skin. MD
VITAMINBiDEFICIENCY
affects mainly hens, and is rarely observed in turkeys. It is most commonly
VITAMINEDEFICIENCY
encounteredinbirdsattheageof89weeksandinlayerhens.Thecasesattheage
FATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROME
of1620and2430weeksarepredominant.MDisprevalentallaroundtheworldand
SLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)
infact,allflocksareexposedtotheeffectoftheaetiologicalfactor.
Other
DeficiencyDiseases

PULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENS
AMYLOIDOSIS
DEEPPECTORALMYOPATHY
RUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERS
CAGELAYERFATIGUE
DYSCHONDROPLASIA
THYPERKERATOSIS

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GOUT
HYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENS
EFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSIN
BROILERCHICKENS
GIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTS
ROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)
ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATION
ACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATION
SPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYS
SUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMA
GASTROINTESTINALIMPACTION
MALFORMATIONS

SeasonalPicks

282.Diffuselymphomatousgrowthsintheheart,resultinginitstransformationintoan
amorphoustumourousmass.

283.Bilateralenlargementofkidneysbecauseofadiffuselymphoidcellproliferation.

284.NeoplasticallymodifiedrightlunginMD.

285.Typicalcauliflowerlikeappearanceoftheovary,distinctiveforMD.

286.Marked asymmetry of testes on a cock following unilateral lymphoid cell

proliferation.

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287.Diffuseneoplasticgrowthsaffectingthepancreas.

288.289.Themanifoldenlargedproventriculuswiththeshapeofaroundbottomflask
(288)resultofdiffuseneoplasticgrowthandtheseverelynarrowedlumen(289)area
typical finding in MD. The causative agent of MD is a type B cell associated
herpesvirus (MDV). There are three MDV serotypes. The isolates of serotype 1 are
widelydistributedamonghensandvaryfromhighlyvirulent(w+)oncogenictoalmost
avirulent strains. The serotype 2 is common for hens and is not oncogenic. The
isolates of serotype 3, known also as turkey herpesviruses (HVT) are naturally
occurring in turkeys and are nononcogenic. The three serotypes possess a
significantcrossreactivity.

290.MulticentricMDtumours(arrows)prominatingorseenthroughthesuperficialand
deeppectoralmuscles.

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291.292.Chronic (classical) form. It is ecountered as neural type (fowl paralysis) or

ocular type (ocular lymphomatosis). Clinically, the neural for is manifested with
paralysisoflimbs.

293.294.Pathoanatomically, unilateral or bilateral thickening of affected nerves,

mainlydiffuseandatavariousextent,isobserved.

295.The ocular form is characterized with iris depigmentation, deformation of the

pupil,sometimesopacityofthecorneaandblindness.

296.Histologically, pleiomorphic lymphoid cell proliferations in affected viscera,

nervesoreyesareobserved.TheMarek'sdiseaseisprobableprovidedthatatleast
one of the next conditions is present: peripheral nerves augmentation,
depigmentation of the iris or irregularlyshaped pupil lymphoid tumours in various
organs in birds younger than 16 weeks presence of visceral tumours in birds at the
ageof16weeksandoldersimultaneouslackofalterationsinthebursaofFabricius.

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297.MicroscopicalviewoflesionsinaperipheralnerveconsequenttoMD.

298.Lymphoid cell proliferations in the iris and the ciliary muscles in the ocular form
of MD. Three classes of viruses are able to protect fowl from MD: attenuated
serotype 1 of MDVcell associated vaccines HVT could be used for preparation of
cellfree lyophilized vaccines naturally apathogenic isolates of serotype 2 cell
associated vaccines. The vaccines against MD provide over 90% protection. HVT
givesexcellentresultsbutincaseoffailure,abivalentvaccinecouldbeused.

299.Transient paralysis. They are observed in chickens and hens, especially non
vaccinatedagainstMD.Mostcasespresenttheclassicalformmanifestedbyflaccid
paralysis of the neck and legs for 143 days followed by complete recovery. The
syndrome has to be differentiated from the neural form of MD on the basis of its
transientnatureandtheflaccid,butnotspasticparalysis.

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