IMPORTANT INORMATION ON INDUCTION MOTORS AND COMPRESSORS

INDUCTION MOTOR
AC induction motors are the common motors used in industrial motion control system, and the main
powered devices at home. Simple and robust design, low cost, low maintenance and direct connection to an
AC power source are the main advantages of AC induction motors. Various types of AC induction motors
are available on the market. Different engines are suitable for different applications. Although AC induction
motors are easier to design than DC motors, the speed and torque control in various types of AC induction
motors require a greater knowledge of understanding of the design and characteristics of these motors.
Basically, induction motors are categorized based on the number of windings of the stator. It is a
single-phase induction motor and three-phase induction motor. There are probably more single-phase AC
induction motors in use today than the total of all other species combined. It is reasonable that the less
expensive, lower maintenance type motor will be used more often. The single-phase AC induction motor
best suited AC .AC induction motors are widely used in industrial and commercial applications. They are
classified as either cage or wound-rotor motors.
The magnetic field created in the stator rotates at a synchronous speed (NS)
Ns= 120 x (f /P)
NS = the synchronous speed of the stator magnetic field in RPM
P = the number of poles on the stator
f = the supply frequency in Hertz
The magnetic field generated in the rotor due to the induced voltage is alternating in nature. To
reduce the relative velocity, relative to the stator, the rotor runs in the same direction as that of the stator
flux and tries to catch up with the rotating flow. However, in practice, the rotor fails to "catch up" in the
field of the stator. The rotor operates at a lower speed than the speed of the stator field. This speed is called
the Base Speed (NB) .The difference between NS and NB is called the slip. The slip varies with load. An
increase in load will cause the rotor to slow or increase slip. A reduction in the load will cause the rotor to
accelerate or reduce slip. The drift is expressed as a percentage, may be determined by the following
formula:
% slip = (NS - NB)/ NS x 100%
NS = the synchronous speed of the stator magnetic field in RPM
NB = the base speed in RPM

COMPRESSOR
A compressor is a machine that is used to increase the pressure of a gas. A modern industrial
compressed air system consists of several major sub-systems and many sub-components. Important subsystems include a compressor, a leader, controls, processing equipment and accessories, and a distribution
system. The compressor is a mechanical device that takes in ambient air and increases the pressure.
There are two basic types of compressors are positive displacement compressor and compressor dynamics.
In type positive displacement, a given quantity of air or gas trapped in a compression chamber and the
volume occupied by mechanically decreases, causing a corresponding increase in the pressure prior to
discharge. Dynamic compressors impart velocity energy to continuously flowing air or gas through rotors
that rotate at high speeds.
The driving force (prime mover) is the main energy source provides energy to drive the compressor. The
architect should provide enough power to start the compressor speed to full speed, and keep the unit
operating under various design conditions. This force may be provided by any of the following sources:
electric, oil or natural gas engines, gas turbines and steam turbines. Electric motors are by far the most
common type of prime mover.

General advantages and disadvantages of induction motor

There are some electric engine technologies on the market. The most common are AC induction
motors. Most people are more familiar with AC induction motor. Most water pumps, fans home and
industrial supplies based hydraulic power uses this technology. The validity of the AC induction motor is
the fractional HP to over 1000 HP.
Induction motor advantages:

Induction motors is simple and rugged in construction. Advantage of induction

motors is that they are robust and can operate in any environmental condition.

Introduction engines are cheaper in cost compared to other electric motors and
internal combustion engine due to absence of brushes, collectors, and rings. It is
maintenance free motors unlike the electric motor and an internal combustion
engine, in the absence of brushes, collectors and rings.

Induction motors can be operated in explosive environments, contaminated

environment and as they have brushes that can cause sparks.

Three phase induction motors has self-starting torque, as opposed to electric

motors, therefore no starting methods employed in contrast. However, the singlephase induction motors has no self-starting torque, and is made to rotate using
some additives.
These advantages of induction motors become more prominent in industrial and residential
applications
Induction Motor disadvantages:
3-phase induction motors have poor torque and are high in rush currents compared to other
electric motors and internal combustion engine. Therefore, these engines are not widely used
for applications requiring high starting torques as traction systems.
Other important drawback is the induction motor that draws high inflow compared with
other motors, causing large momentary voltage drop during engine start up. High input
currents can be reduced by using certain methods of starting the induction motor
Introduction engines always operate in power factor at light load conditions operating in
much worse power factor (0.2 to 0.4 lagging). Some of the disadvantages of induction motor
is bad energy is increasing at current losses in the system, reducing the effectiveness of the
system. Therefore some power factor correction, such as static capacitors should be placed
near these engines to deliver the reactive power.
One of the main disadvantages of induction motors is that the speed control of induction
motors is difficult. Therefore, applications for fine speed control dc motors are used in place
of induction motors. Due to advanced power electronics, transmission systems using
variable frequency induction motors used in industries to control the speed now a days.There
are a few electric motor technologies in the market. The most common are AC induction
motors.
Most people are most familiar with an AC induction motor. Most water pumps, house fans, and
industrial-based hydraulic power supplies uses this technology. The power output of an AC induction motor
is from fractional HP to over 1000 HP.