NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER QI. Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic. Al.From its very inception,the Weimar Republic was faced with many problems. Some of them were as follows: a. Many Germans held the new republic responsible not only for the defeat af Germany in world war I but also national humiliation at Versailles. b. From the onset , the republic was financially crippled by the war compensation imposed on Germany. c. The republic was subjected to excessive war propaganda and the national honour occupied the centre in public sphere. d, When in1923, Germany refused to pay the war indemnity, France retaliated by occupying the leading industrial area of Ruhr. e. German economic reforms, led to unimaginable inflation with disastrous consequences jor many s sectons oft we population. Ff. The political fégility of the Weimer republic added to the problem, Rule by coalition made the republic unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship. Q2. Discuss why Nazism become popular in Germany by 1930. A2. Nazism become popular in Germany by 1930 because: l. tiliating treaty of Versailles: Gel 1y was forced to sign a very harsh treaty of Versailles, after their defeat in world war I. It created the feelings of dissatis_faction among the people to take revenge of the defeat and restore the old prestige ofGermany.This had a mass appeal and Hitler of the Nazi party become the symbol of the revival of the glory of Germany. b. Economic Crisis: Germany witnessed a serious economic crisis due to the war. She suffered a huge loss of life and property. The government failed to tide over this crisis. Hitler promised the peace, prosperity and happiness under the rule of Nazi party, so they believed him. c. Spread of communism: Threat of communié&tien was a contributing factor in the rise of popularity of Nazism. Though the spartacis uprising was crushed, Nazisef-thezising-minace talked about the danger, of communism to win the support of conservative forces. = . d. Personality of Hitler: ank Hitler was a powerful speaker. His passion, his words moved people and they did not question what he said. He promised to remove out all foreign influences and resist all foreign conspiracies against Germany. Q3. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking. A3. The peculiar thinking of Nazi features were: a. The people exist for state rather than the state for people. They believed In totalitarian state. b. The Nazi’s believed in extreme nationalism.and glorified war, They aimed at uniting all people of German race under one state to form greater Germany. c. It was in favour of ending all types of parliamentary institutions and glorified the rule of a great leader. @d. It preached hatred for jews, who were responsible for the economic misery of the Germans. : e. Women were regarded as greatly different from men and were to be the bearers of Aryan culture and race and to be good mothers. wy 04. Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for jews. A4.Soon after assuming power in 1933, Hitler began.a cruel propaganda against the jews, which proved quite successful in creating hatred for jews . Some of the reasons were as follows: a. Nazi hatred of jews had a precursor in traditional Christian hatred of jews. b. Many in Germany blamed the jews for the defeat in world war I and for all the mis{ries of the German people. c. Germany was faced with economic crisis, which was increased by the great economic depression. This led to __price rise and unemployment. Jews were involved in many lending and trading activities. The Nazi projected of Jews as pests, living offthe society. d. Through the effective use of propaganda images of jews were mocked and abused. @Q5.Compare the role of women in Nazi society with condition of women in Revolutionary France. A5.Women form the deprived and unpreviliged section of the society both during the French Revolution of 18 century and 20 century Nazi Germany.Role of women during the French Revolution. Women played an important role during the French Revolution. They took an active path in social and political development of the country. They worked as seamstresses or laundresses, sold flowers, fruits and vegetables at the market. They had their own clubs and newspapers. Main demands of the French women were the right to vote, political representation and equality of gender. Role of women in Nazi society[1933-1945]. P Women in Nazi society had the role of maintaining purity of race, look afier home and teach children. They were to be the bearers of Aryan culture and race. Those who deviated, were publicily c@itlem4ned and humiliated . Honour Crosses were awarded as incentive to those who had more children; Girls were told to prove good mothers pra, up pare Aryan blood. Thus while women’s role in France was prateste, proactre, women’s role in Nazi Germany was that of a passive onlooker. Q6. In what way did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over ts people. A6.Nazi state sought to establish full control over the it people by: a. Dismantling democratic institutions and establishing a totalitarian form of government. b. Suspension of civitrights like freedom of speech, press and association guaranteed by the Weimar Republic. c. Banning of all political parties and trade unions except for Nazi party. Establishing complete control over economy media, army and education.d. Creating special surveillance and security forces like Gestapo, Providing employment through state ie work creation programme. p e. Glorifying war and choosing the of ar as a way out of economic crisis. Argument of strengest race would suring weak would perish. f Targeting jews for all the misery of the German people. g. Projecting communism, socialism and AHO OEN as great enemies. h, Subjecting youth to intense period of Nazi ideology training both inside and outside the school. i. by careful use of various propaganda medium controlled the minds and emotiomof the people.NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER sTION & ANSWERS: (@) Why was the iyemgicra tribunal set up at Nuremberg and why did it prosecute the Nazis?, iT . At the end of they oid ain International Tyjbunal waé-set up at Nuremberg — * tc prosecute the Nazi war criminals for a) crimes against peace, hb) war crimes and crimes'against humanity. te vebuild What factors enabled the recast of the Sapa pol political system after the World War 1? .. The defeat of Imperial Germany and the Sbditation of the emperor gave ani opportu- nity to the parliamentary parties to.recast German polity. EXTRA QUE Mention the only factor for the victory of the Allies in the First World War. . The Allies were strengthened by the US entry in 1917, won by defeating Germany and the Central powers in-1916 4 mark 8 Why was the Weimar Republic not received well by the people of Germany? Jf Bra . Weimar Republic was not received well by its own people- gid Are \ = largely because of the terms it was forced to accept after Germany's defeat at the the end of the First World War. - The peace treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace. - Many. Germans held the neiw Weimar Republic responsible for not only defeat in the War but the disgrace at Versailles. Mention the important clauses of the Treaty of Versailles. . a. Germany lost its overseas colonies, b. a tenth of its population, 13% of its territories c. 75 % of its iron and 26 % of its ‘coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania. 4. The allied powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its power. ©. The war guilt clause held Germany responsible for the war and damages the Allied countries suffered. {. Germany was forced to pay compensatign of £6 bilion, g. The allied armies occupied the resourcé oh Rohislands for much of 1920s. Who were November Criminals? is . Those who supported the Weimar Regublic, mainly Socialists, Catholics and Democrats Became easy targets of attack in the conservative nationalists circles. They were Mockingly called as ‘November Criminals’. This mind set had a major impact on The political developments of 1830s, Write a short note on the Spartacist League. 4 0x G mark Q. a. The birth of Weimar Republic coincide with the revolutionary uprising of the spartacist League omthe pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. b. The political Hincspiegrh in Bertin was charged with cna for Soviet style of governance. No p % ed cot be i thee todd nT outs pesis workers- c. The Weimar republic crust Oe the uprising with the help ot warwterang organisation =soldiexs called Free Corps. farty of Germany. d. 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Ans. Hiller’s racism was borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin & Herbert Spencer. ‘The ideas of these thinkers were used by the racists and politicians to justify imperial tule over conquered people. The Nazi argument was simple: the strongest race would survive and the weaker One would petish, The Aryan was the finest and it had to retain its purity, become Stronger and dominate the world. | 24. Which concept of Hitler's ideology revealed his desir for an extended empire? ‘ns. Hitler's ideology related to geo-political concept of ‘Lebensraum’ or ‘ian space! Revealed his desire ofan extended empire ashe beloved that new tenitores had to Be acquired for settlement 4 Write a brief note on youth in Germany. ‘ns. Hitler was fanatical intrested inthe youth ofthe country. So youth organisations Were made responsible for educating youth of Germany inte spirit of National Socialism. | a, Ten year old had to enter Jungvolk AU‘ al boys had to jin Nazi yoUOr organise ion Hitler Youth. | b. There they learnt to worship wer, glorify aggression and violence, condemn democracy and hate Jes and all those categorised as ‘undesirables’, 25- What happened to schools under Nazism? | Ans. ~All schools were cleansed and purified, this meant that children or teacljers who Were seen as Jews or polially undesirable were dismissed. | Children were first segregated, Germans and Jaws could not si together. - Subsequenly, undesirable children, Jews, the physically handicapped, Gypsies were thrown out of schools. And finaly Inthe 1940s, they were taken tothe gas Chambers.