Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics

Page 1 of 3

Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance and Aerodynamics

Coefficient of friction for many material combinations

Coefficient of friction in bearings
Coefficient of friction in screw joints
Rolling resistance
Air resistance, aerodynamics

Coefficient of friction for a range of material combinations

combination
Static
Dynamic
dry
lubricated
dry
lubricated
steel-steel
0.5...0.6
0.15
0.4...0.6
0.15
copper-steel
0.5...0.8
0.15
steel-cast iron
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.05
cast iron - cast iron
0.25
0.15
0.2
0.15
friction material - steel
0.5-0.6
steel-ice
0.03
0.015
steel-wood
0.5-0.6
0.1
0.2-0.5
0.05
wood-wood
0.4-0.6
0.15...0.2
0.2...0.4
0.15
leather-metal
0.6
0.2
0.2...0.25 0.12
rubber-metal
1
0.5
plastic-metal
0.25...0.4 0.1...0.3
0.04...0.1
plastic-plastic
0.3-0.4
0.2...0.4
0.04...0.1
The coefficient of friction between two materials in relative sliding may depend on
contact pressure, surface roughness of the relative harder contact surface,
temperature, sliding velocity and the type of lubricant whether the level of
contamination. It's the reason that the data found in the many reference tables
available may show a large variation.
www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html
http://www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-frictioncoefficient.htm
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/frictioncoefficients.htm
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/co_of_frict.htm
http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2005/steel.shtml
http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/f/r/friction/source.html
http://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fysica/Dynamica
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Physics_Study_Guide/Frictional_Coefficients
http://encarta.msn.com/media_461544499/Table_of_Friction_Coefficients.html

Coefficient of friction in bearings

Coefficient of friction [-]
Slide bearing, hydrodynamic
0.003...0.04
Slide bearing, sinter bronze, oil lubricated
0.04...0.07
Slide bearings, solid bronze, grease lub
0.07...0.12
Polymer slide bearing, polyamide, dry
0.2...0.3
Polymer bearing, composite, dry
0.05...0.15
Ball bearings
0.001...0.0015
Roller bearings
0.0018
Needle bearings
0.0045
Air bearings, pressurized
0.0
Hydrostatic bearings
0.001...0.002, ref viscous shearing

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5/25/2011

Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics

Coefficient of friction in screw joints

lubricated
lubricated
dry
MoS2
oiled
Zn-plating
0.12...0.18
0.08...0.12
0.12...0.18
screw lubricants / friction >>

Page 2 of 3

dry
RVS
0.3...0.8

Rolling resistance
Steel wheel on rail
Car tire on road
Car tire energy safe
Tube 22mm, 8 bar
Race tyre 23 mm, 7 bar
Touring 32 mm, 5 bar
Tyre with leak protection 37 mm, 5 bar / 3 bar
Calculator rolling resistance >>

Cr [-]
0.0002...0.0010
0.010...0.035
0.006...0.009
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007 / 0.01

Air resistance
Modern car
MPV
Truck
Formula 1
Nuna Solar Car
Sports plane
Card
Grand pa bike
Racing bike
Horizontal bicycle
aerodynamic bicycle
Ball
Half sphere
Half sphere
Flat circular disc
Calculator air resistance >>

Cw [-]
0.25...0.35
0.4...0.5
0.7
0.75
0.07
0.12
0.8
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.4...0.15
0.5
0.4
1.3
1.1

Af [m2]
1.8
3
6
1.6
0.86
5
1
0.6
0.35
0.25
0.25
R2
R2
R2
R2

AfCw [m2]
0.54
1.35
4.2
1.20
0.06
0.60
0.80
0.66
0.31
0.20
0.07
0.5R2
0.4R2
1.3R2
1.1R2

Conversion of wind speed Beaufort to wind speed in m/s:

1: 1m/s
2: 2m/s
3: 4m/s
4: 7m/s
5: 10m/s
6: 13m/s
7: 16m/s
8: 19m/s
9: 23m/s
10: 27m/s
11: 31m/s
12: >36m/s

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5/25/2011

Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics

Page 3 of 3

Conversion percentage of slope to slope angle

A 5% slope is a slope that rises 5 m for every 100 m horizontal distance, i.e. a
slope of atan(5/100)=2.86 degrees. A 100% slope is one of 45 degrees.

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5/25/2011