Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Roland V. Sarmago
DISCLAIMER: The images presented in the following slides are not mine! In the interest of
educating young and eager minds, I have liberally gleamed these images from the web
without intent to profit by it except to provide information. Due to the number of the images
borrowed, it is not practical to list all sources. No part of this presentation should be
commercially distributed.
Materials
FUNCTION
APPLICATION
STRUCTURE
PROPERTIES
Hard Objects
Heavy
Can be stretched
Can be shaped
Though
Good Conductors
Crystal
Structure
crystalline
polycrystalline
amorphous
Pure metal
STRUCTURE PROPERTIES
electrons
valence electrons
Except for the nuclear arrangement, very difficult to see other structure
Energy
Shallow Level
These electrons
are located very
deep in the atom
Deeper Level
Energy
Energy
Energy
Internuclear distance
Outer Electrons
If we bring the two atoms together the situation below will be realized
Nucleus 1
is here
Nucleus 2
is here
These electrons gain hybrid characteristics
These electrons
retain their atomic
characteristics
Energy
semiconductor
insulator
metal
conductor
Electrons cannot make jumps
within the occupied region (black)
because the levels (seats) are
occupied.
The electrons must jump into the
unoccupied region (red).
This is CONDUCTION
shallow
energy level
gap
deep energy
level
insulator
gap
What do we do at NIP?
We tweak semiconductors so they become
1. fast switches
2. good absorbers of sunlight
3. emitters of UV light