Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Mixes
1. Nominal Mixes
In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions of cement,
fine and coarse aggregates. These mixes of fixed cement-aggregate ratio which
ensures adequate strength are termed nominal mixes. These offer simplicity and
under normal circumstances, have a margin of strength above that specified.
However, due to the variability of mix ingredients the nominal concrete for a
given workability varies widely in strength.
2. Standard mixes
The nominal mixes of fixed cement-aggregate ratio (by volume) vary widely in strength
and may result in under- or over-rich mixes. For this reason, the minimum compressive
strength has been included in many specifications. These mixes are termed standard
mixes.
IS 456-2000 has designated the concrete mixes into a number of grades as M10, M15,
M20, M25, M30, M35 and M40. In this designation the letter M refers to the mix and the
number to the specified 28 day cube strength of mix in N/mm2. The mixes of grades
M10, M15, M20 and M25 correspond approximately to the mix proportions (1:3:6),
(1:2:4), (1:1.5:3) and (1:1:2) respectively.
3. Designed Mixes
In these mixes the performance of the concrete is specified by the designer but the mix
proportions are determined by the producer of concrete, except that the minimum cement
content can be laid down. This is most rational approach to the selection of mix
proportions with specific materials in mind possessing more or less unique
characteristics. The approach results in the production of concrete with the appropriate
properties most economically. However, the designed mix does not serve as a guide since
this does not guarantee the correct mix proportions for the prescribed performance.
For the concrete with undemanding performance nominal or standard mixes (prescribed
in the codes by quantities of dry ingredients per cubic meter and by slump) may be used
only for very small jobs, when the 28-day strength of concrete does not exceed 30
N/mm2. No control testing is necessary reliance being placed on the masses of the
ingredients.
Factors affecting the choice of mix proportions
The various factors affecting the mix design are:
1. Compressive strength
It is one of the most important properties of concrete and influences many other
describable properties of the hardened concrete. The mean compressive strength required
at a specific age, usually 28 days, determines the nominal water-cement ratio of the mix.
The other factor affecting the strength of concrete at a given age and cured at a prescribed
temperature is the degree of compaction. According to Abrahams law the strength of
fully compacted concrete is inversely proportional to the water-cement ratio.
2. Workability
The degree of workability required depends on three factors. These are the size of the
section to be concreted, the amount of reinforcement, and the method of compaction to be
used. For the narrow and complicated section with numerous corners or inaccessible
parts, the concrete must have a high workability so that full compaction can be achieved
with a reasonable amount of effort. This also applies to the embedded steel sections. The
desired workability depends on the compacting equipment available at the site.
3. Durability
The durability of concrete is its resistance to the aggressive environmental conditions.
High strength concrete is generally more durable than low strength concrete. In the
situations when the high strength is not necessary but the conditions of exposure are such
that high durability is vital, the durability requirement will determine the water-cement
ratio to be used.
4. Maximum nominal size of aggregate
In general, larger the maximum size of aggregate, smaller is the cement requirement for a
particular water-cement ratio, because the workability of concrete increases with increase
in maximum size of the aggregate. However, the compressive strength tends to increase
with the decrease in size of aggregate.
IS 456:2000 and IS 1343:1980 recommend that the nominal size of the aggregate should
be as large as possible.
5. Grading and type of aggregate
The grading of aggregate influences the mix proportions for a specified workability and
water-cement ratio. Coarser the grading leaner will be mix which can be used. Very lean
mix is not desirable since it does not contain enough finer material to make the concrete
cohesive.
The type of aggregate influences strongly the aggregate-cement ratio for the desired
workability and stipulated water cement ratio. An important feature of a satisfactory
aggregate is the uniformity of the grading which can be achieved by mixing different size
fractions.
6. Quality Control
The degree of control can be estimated statistically by the variations in test results. The
variation in strength results from the variations in the properties of the mix ingredients
and lack of control of accuracy in batching, mixing, placing, curing and testing. The
lower the difference between the mean and minimum strengths of the mix lower will be
the cement-content required. The factor controlling this difference is termed as quality
control.
Procedure
1. Determine the mean target strength ft from the specified characteristic compressive
strength at 28-day fck and the level of quality control.
ft = fck + 1.65 S
where S is the standard deviation obtained from the Table of approximate contents given
after the design mix.
2. Obtain the water cement ratio for the desired mean target using the emperical relationship
between compressive strength and water cement ratio so chosen is checked against the
limiting water cement ratio. The water cement ratio so chosen is checked against the
limiting water cement ratio for the requirements of durability given in table and adopts
the lower of the two values.
3. Estimate the amount of entrapped air for maximum nominal size of the aggregate from the
table.
4. Select the water content, for the required workability and maximum size of aggregates (for
aggregates in saturated surface dry condition) from table.
5. Determine the percentage of fine aggregate in total aggregate by absolute volume from
table for the concrete using crushed coarse aggregate.
6. Adjust the values of water content and percentage of sand as provided in the table for any
difference in workability, water cement ratio, grading of fine aggregate and for rounded
aggregate the values are given in table.
7. Calculate the cement content form the water-cement ratio and the final water content as
arrived after adjustment. Check the cement against the minimum cement content from the
requirements of the durability, and greater of the two values is adopted.
8. From the quantities of water and cement per unit volume of concrete and the percentage of
sand already determined in steps 6 and 7 above, calculate the content of coarse and fine
aggregates per unit volume of concrete from the following relations:
Dear
Again
All
I
am
back
with
M-20
Mix
Designs
as
per
IS-10262-2009
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M20
Type of Cement
20 mm
250 kg/m3
2
3
4
5
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
25 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Degree of Supervision
Good
Type of Aggregate
7
8
9
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
1703.2)
540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture Type
A-2 Test Data for Materials
1
Cement Used
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
Not Used
2.884
2.878
2.605
0.97%
0.83%
1.23%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm
Aggregate
nil
nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
15
Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates2.882
Separate Analysis Done
16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
20N/mm2
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.5
186 Lit.
2
Estimated Water content for 25 mm Slump 145 Lit.
3
Superplasticiser used
nil
0.5
290 kg/m3
Which is greater then 250 kg/m3
62.00%
65.00%
35.00%
1.00
2
Volume of Cement in m3
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
0.09
Volume of Water in m3
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
0.145
Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3
(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
nil
0.763
0.496
0.267
290
145
696
1429
1029
400
nil
2
3
4
6
Water Cement Ratio
0.5
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
Dear All
Again I am back with M-25 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009.
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M25
Type of Cement
20 mm
310 kg/m3
2
3
4
5
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
50-75 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Degree of Supervision
Normal
Good
7
8
9
Type of Aggregate
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
2.884
2.878
2.605
0.97%
0.83%
1.23%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
15
Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
36N/mm2
25N/mm2
2
A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.43
186 Lit.
138 Lit.
Superplasticiser used
3
A-6 Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.43
320 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
62.00%
62.00%
38.00%
1.00
Volume of Cement in m3
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
0.10
Volume of Water in m3
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
0.138
0.00134
0.759
0.471
0.288
320
138
3
Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3
751
1356
977
380
1.60
0.43
5
6
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
Dear All
Again
am
back
with
M-30
Mix
Designs
as
per
IS-10262-2009
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
M30
Type of Cement
20 mm
2
3
4
6
Workability (MORT&H 1700-4)
50-75 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Degree of Supervision
Good
Type of Aggregate
7
8
9
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl.
1703.2)
11
Chemical Admixture Type
540 kg/m3
Superplasticiser Confirming to IS9103
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
2.884
2.878
2.605
0.97%
0.83%
1.23%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil
12
Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
15
Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
42N/mm2
30N/mm2
2
A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.42
186 Lit.
160 Lit.
Superplasticiser used
3
A-6 Calculation of Cement Content
1 Water Cement Ratio
0.42
2
Cement Content (160/0.42)
380 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
62.00%
62.00%
38.00%
1.00
Volume of Cement in m3
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
0.12
Volume of Water in m3
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
0.160
0.00160
0.718
0.445
0.273
380
160
711
1283
924
359
1.90
0.42
2
3
4
5
6
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
Dear All
Again
am
back
with
M-35
Mix
Designs
as
per
IS-10262-2009
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
1
Grade Designation
M35
Type of Cement
Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size
2
3
4
5
310 kg/m3
0.45
50-75 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Degree of Supervision
Good
Type of Aggregate
6
7
8
9
10
11
Chemical Admixture Type
A-2
1
Cement Used
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
2.884
2.878
2.605
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate
0.97%
0.83%
1.23%
nil
nil
nil
2.882
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
A-3
1
Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 47N/mm2
2
Characteristic Strength @ 28 days
35N/mm2
A-4
0.45
0.4
2
A-5
1
Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.
160 Lit.
Superplasticiser used
3
A-6
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.4
400 kg/m3
Which is greater then 310 kg/m3
A-7
1
Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262
62.00%
2
Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate
62.00%
Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%
A-8
Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
Volume of Cement in m3
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
0.13
Volume of Water in m3
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
Water)x1000
0.160
0.00168
0.711
6
Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3
Sr. no. 5 x 0.62
0.441
0.270
A-9
1
Mass of Cement in kg/m3
400
160
704
1271
915
356
2.00
0.40
2
3
4
5
6
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
Dear
All,
Here i am giving the mix designs as per IS-10262-2009 which gives to change the
procedure
for
calculating
Regards
Raj Mohammad Khan
the
concrete
ingredients
M15
Type of Cement
20 mm
2
3
4
0.5
25 mm (Slump)
Exposure Condition
Normal
Degree of Supervision
Good
Type of Aggregate
6
7
8
9
10 Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H
Cl. 1703.2)
540 kg/m3
11
Chemical Admixture Type
Superplasticiser Confirming to
IS-9103
3.15
1.00
Chemical Admixture
Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate
Not Used
2.884
2
3
4
5
6
Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate
2.878
2.605
7
8
Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%
9
Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%
10
Water Absorption of Sand
1.23%
nil
nil
13
Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand
nil
2.882
16
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates
25N/mm2
15N/mm2
2
A-4Selection of Water Cement Ratio
1 Maximum Water Cement Ratio
0.5
(MORT&H 1700-3 A)
2
Adopted Water Cement Ratio
0.5
135 Lit.
Superplasticiser used
nil
3
A-6Calculation of Cement Content
1
Water Cement Ratio
0.5
270 kg/m3
Which is greater then 250 kg/m3
65.00%
35.00%
A-8Mix Calculations
1
Volume of Concrete in m3
1.00
Volume of Cement in m3
(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of
Cement)x1000
0.09
Volume of Water in m3
(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of
0.135
Water)x1000
4
Volume of Admixture @ 0% in m3
(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of
Admixture)x1000
nil
0.779
0.507
0.273
270
135
711
1460
1051
409
nil
0.5
2
3
4
5
6
We are thankful to Er. Raj M. Khan for sharing this information with us on
engineeringcivil.com. We hope this would be of great significance to civil engineers.
The mix design for M35 Grade Of Concrete for pile foundations provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Grade
of
Concrete
Characteristic
Strength
(Fck)
Standard
Deviation
Target
Mean
(from
Strength
I.S
Test
Aggregate
35
Fck
+1.65
35+
38.15
Mpa
Data
Mpa*
x
S.D.
1.651.91
Mpa
For
Type
Material:
:
Crushed
Specific
Gravity
Cement
Coarse
M35
1.91
T.M.S.=
456-2000)
:
Aggregate
3.15
:
2.67
Absorption:
Aggregate
0.5%
1000(1-a0) = {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +Ca / Sp.
Gr.* Pc )}
Where Ca = Coarse Aggregate Content
Fa = Fine Aggregate Content
Pf = Sand Content as percentage of total Aggregates
= 0.36
Pc = Coarse Aggregate Content as percentage of total Aggregates.
= 0.64
a0 = Percentage air content in concrete (As per IS :10262 for 20 mm nominal size of
aggregates air content is 2 %) = 0.02
Hence, 1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Fa / 2.62 x 0.36)}
Fa = 642 Kg/ Cum
As the sand is of Zone II no adjustment is required for sand.
Sand Content = 642 Kg/ Cum
1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(Ca / 2.67 x 0.64)}
Hence, Ca = 1165 Kg/ Cum
From combined gradation of Coarse aggregates it has been found out that the
proportion of 53:47 of 20 mm & 10 mm aggregates produces the best gradation as
per IS: 383.
Hence, 20 mm Aggregates = 619 Kg
And 10 mm Aggregates = 546 Kg
To obtain slump in the range of 150-190 mm water reducing admixture brand SP430
from Fosroc with a dose of 0.3 % by weight of Cement shall be used.
Hence the Mix Proportion becomes:
Units Kg/ M3
635
619
564
1.2
1.6
1.547
1.36
0.003
0.43
Aggregates = 1 : 1.6 :
2.907
The mix design M-50 grade (Using Admixture Sikament) provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Parameters for mix design M50
Grade
Designation
Type
Brand
of
cement
of
Admixture
cement
=
=
=
Sika
M-50
O.P.C-43
Vikram
[Sikament
170
grade
Grasim
)
)
Gravity
Cement
Fine
3.15
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
2.61
(20mm)
2.65
Cement
(As
per
contract)
=400
kg
m3
of
water
cement
ratio:-
of
water:
Approximate water content for 20mm max. Size of aggregate = 180 kg /m (As per
Table No. 5 , IS : 10262 ). As plasticizer is proposed we can reduce water content by
20%.
Now water content = 180 X 0.8 = 144 kg /m3
4. Calculation
Water
Water
Cement
of
cement
cement
content
content
per
=
ratio
cum
144/0.35
content:=
of
concrete
=
411.4
0.35
=
kg
144
kg
m3
Say cement content = 412 kg / m3 (As per contract Minimum cement content 400 kg
m3 )
/
Hence O.K.
5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: [ Formula's can be seen in earlier posts]Volume
of
concrete
Volume
of
cement
Volume
of
water
Volume
of
=
=
Admixture
412
144
4.994
=
3.15
1
X
X
1000
1000
(1.145
m3
1
)
)
1000
0.1308
m3
0.1440
m3
=
=
0.0043
m3
Total weight of other materials except coarse aggregate = 0.1308 + 0.1440 +0.0043
= 0.2791 m3
Volume
of
coarse
and
fine
aggregate
0.2791
0.7209
m3
20
mm:
10mm
0.55:
0.45
20mm
706
kg
10mm
578
kg
Hence
Mix
per
m3
details
Water
412
Fine
144
1.025
1.025
aggregate
=
=
422
kg
147.6
kg
621
kg
Coarse
aggregate
20
mm
706
kg
Coarse
aggregate
10
mm
578
kg
cement:
F.A.:
C.A.
0.35:
1:
1.472:
Observation:
A.
C.
Mix
B.
was
cohesive
Slump
No.
3.043
of
=
cube
and
homogeneous.
120
casted
mm
9
Nos.
days
average
compressive
strength
52.07
MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.52 MPa which is greater than 58.25MPa
Hence the mix accepted.
We are thankful to Er Gurjeet Singh for this valuable information.
The mix design M-40 grade for Pier (Using Admixture Fosroc) provided here is for
reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted
as per the location and other factors.
Parameters for mix design M40
Grade
Designation
Type
Brand
of
cement
of
Admixture
cement
=
=
=
Fosroc
Fine
Sp.
=
O.P.C-43
Vikram
Conplast
Aggregate
grade
Grasim
SP
430
G8M
Gravity
Fine
M-40
Zone-II
Cement
Aggregate
)
3.15
2.61
Coarse
Aggregate
(20mm)
2.65
Coarse
Aggregate
(10mm)
2.66
Minimum
Cement
(As
per
contract)
400
kg
m3
of
water
cement
ratio:-
of
cement
cement
content
400
content:
kg
m3
of
water:
400 X 0.4 = 160 kg Which is less than 186 kg (As per Table No. 4, IS: 10262)
Hence o.k.
5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: As per IS : 10262 , Cl. No. 3.5.1
10mm = 467 kg .
Hence Mix details per m3
701
kg
Cement
Water
400
Fine
kg
160
aggregate
kg
660
kg
Coarse
aggregate
20
mm
701
kg
Coarse
aggregate
10
mm
467
kg
Admixture
0.6
by
weight
of
cement
2.4
kg.
Recron 3S = 900 gm
Water: cement: F.A.: C.A. = 0.4: 1: 1.65: 2.92
Observation:
A.
Mix
was
B.
C.
7
cohesive
and
Slump
No.
days
of
average
homogeneous.
=
cube
compressive
casted
strength
110mm
=
12
=
51.26
Nos.
MPa.
28 days average compressive strength = 62.96 MPa which is greater than 48.25MPa
Hence the mix is accepted.
We are thankful to Er Gurjeet Singh for this valuable information.