THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2E

(1) TIME ALLOWED 2 hours

(2) TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 4
(3) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
(4) THE QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE
(5) ANSWER EACH QUESTION IN A SEPARATE BOOK
(6) THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE
(7) ONLY CALCULATORS WITH AN AFFIXED UNSW APPROVED STICKER
MAY BE USED

All answers must be written in ink. Except where they are expressly required pencils
may only be used for drawing, sketching or graphical work.

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 2

TABLE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS AND THEOREMS

g(t) is a function defined for all t 0, and whose Laplace transform
Z
est g(t)dt
G(s) = L(g(t)) =
0

exists. The Heaviside step function u is defined to be

for t < a
0
1
u(t a) = 2
for t = a

1
for t > a

g(t)

G(s) = L[g(t)]

1
s

1
s2

t , > 1
et
sin t
cos t

!
s+1
1
s+
s2

+ 2

s2

s
+ 2

u(t a)

eas
s

f 0 (t)

sF (s) f (0)

f 00 (t)
et f (t)
f (t a)u(t a)
tf (t)

s2 F (s) sf (0) f 0 (0)

F (s + )
eas F (s)
F 0 (s)

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 3

FOURIER SERIES
If f (x) has period p = 2L, then
f (x) = a0 +


X

an cos

n=1

 n 
 n 
x + bn sin
x
L
L

where
a0
an
bn

Z L
1
=
f (x)dx
2L L
Z
 n 
1 L
x dx
=
f (x) cos
L L
L
Z
 n 
1 L
=
f (x) sin
x dx
L L
L

LEIBNIZ THEOREM

d
dx

Z
f (x, t)dt =

f
dv
du
dt + f (x, v) f (x, u)
x
dx
dx

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 4

SOME BASIC INTEGRALS

xn+1
x dx =
+ C for n 6= 1
n+1
Z
1
dx = ln |x| + C
x
Z
ekx
+C
ekx dx =
k
Z
1 x
a + C for a 6= 1
ax dx =
ln a
Z
cos kx
sin kx dx =
+C
k
Z
sin kx
cos kx dx =
+C
k
Z
tan kx
sec2 kx dx =
+C
k
Z
1
cosec2 kx dx = cot kx + C
k
Z
ln | sec kx|
tan kx dx =
+C
k
Z
1
sec kx dx = (ln | sec kx + tan kx|) + C
k
Z
 
1
1
1 x
dx
=
tan
+C
a2 + x 2
a
a
Z
x
1

dx = sin1
+C
a
a2 x 2
Z
 
1
1 x

+C
dx = sinh
a
x 2 + a2
Z
x
1

dx = cosh1
+C
a
x 2 a2
Z
Z
2
n1 2
n
sin x dx =
sinn2 x dx
n
0
0
Z
Z
2
n1 2
cosn x dx =
cosn2 x dx
n
0
0
Z

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 5

Answer question 1 in a separate book

1.

a) The total power output of a star located a distance R away and with
temperature T is given by
P = 4R2 T 4 ,
where is a constant. Suppose the power output of a particular star
is measured with a maximum possible percentage error of 20% and the
temperature is measured with a maximum possible percentage error of
5%. Find the maximum possible percentage error in the distance to the
star. [Note that you do not need to know the value of .]
b) Consider the integral
1

x2

sin(y)
dy dx.

i) Sketch the region of integration.

ii) Express the integral with the order reversed.
iii) Evaluate the integral you found in (ii).
c) Use Leibniz theorem to find
Z

x2 eax dx

given that
Z

ax2

r
dx =

.
a

d) Suppose the atmospheric pressure P in a certain region of space is given

by
P (x, y, z) = z ln(x2 + y 2 ).
i) Calculate grad(P ) at the point ( 12 , 12 , 1).
ii) Find the rate of change of pressure with respect to distance at the
point ( 12 , 12 , 1) in the direction b = i k.
e) Use the method of Lagrange multipliers to find the minimum distance
from the origin to the straight line 3x 4y = 10.

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 6

Answer question 2 in a separate book

2.

a) Let C denote the path taken by a particle travelling anticlockwise along

the unit circle from (1, 0) to (0, 1).
i) Write down a vector function r(t) that describes the path C and give
the value of t at the start and the end of the path.
ii) If F = 2y i + 2x j evaluate the line integral
Z
F dr.
C

b) Let

A=

2 3
3 2


.

i) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A.

ii) Normalise the eigenvectors of A so that they have unit magnitude
and hence find an orthogonal matrix P such that
D = P 1 AP
is a diagonal matrix. Write down the matrix D and evaluate both
sides of this equation to show that it is satisfied by your P .
iii) For the system of differential equations


dx
x1
= Ax, where x =
x2
dt
prove that the transformation

x = P z,

where z =

z1
z2

yields the equation

dz
= Dz,
dt
where P and D are the matrices in part (ii).
iv) Hence solve the system of differential equations
dx1
= 2x1 + 3x2 ,
dt
dx2
= 3x1 + 2x2 ,
dt
subject to the conditions x1 (0) = 0 and x2 (0) = 1.

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 7

Answer question 3 in a separate book

3.

a) Find:
i) L (t5 e3t ).


s
1
.
ii) L
s2 + 2s + 10
b) The function g(t) is given by

t
for 0 t < 2,
g(t) =
4 t for t 2.
i) Sketch the function g(t) for 0 t 6.
ii) Write g(t) in terms of the Heaviside step function.
iii) Hence, or otherwise, find the Laplace transform of g(t).
c) Use the Laplace transform method to solve the initial value problem
y 00 y = 2u(t 4)

with

y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1,

where u(t 4) is a Heaviside step function.

Please see over . . .

NOVEMBER 2013

MATH2019

Page 8

Answer question 4 in a separate book

4.

a) Define the continuous function f by

1, 0 x <
2
f (x) =
0, x < .
2
i) Sketch the even periodic extension of f over the interval x .
ii) Find the Fourier cosine series of f .
b) The temperature in a bar of length satisfies the heat equation
2u
u
= 4 2,
t
x
where u(x, t) is the temperature in degrees Celsius. The ends of the bar
are insulated so that
u
u
(0, t) =
(, t) = 0
x
x

for all t.

i) Assuming a solution of the form u(x, t) = F (x)G(t) show that

F 00
G0
=
=k
4G
F
for some constant k.
ii) You may assume that k = p2 for some p 0 yields non-trivial solutions. Apply the boundary conditions to show that possible solutions
of F (x) are
Fn (x) = Bn cos (nx)
where Bn are constants and p = n = 0, 1, 2,
iii) Find all possible solutions Gn (t) for G(t).
iv) If the initial temperature distribution of the bar is
u(x, 0) = f (x)
where f (x) is the function from part (a), express the general solution
u(x, t) as a Fourier cosine series.
v) What is the equilibrium temperature as t ?