Most Common

Most Common Cause of Worm Infection : Pinworms Ascaris

Most Common Cause of Viral Encephalitis : Herpes Simpli Virus
Most Common Cause of ViraL Meningitis : Coxsackie or Echovirus groups
of enteroviruses
Most Common Cause Bacterial Meningitis in Elderly is strep. Pneumonia
Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Newborns : Group B streptt.
Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Children : Streptt. Pneumonia
Most Common Cause of Meningitis in Young Adults (Teen) : Neisseria
Meningitidis
Most Common Type of Hodgkins Lymphoma Mxied Cellularity & Best
Prognosis is Lymphatic Predominant.
Most Common Type of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma : B-cell lymphomas
Most Common Thyroid disease : Goiter
Most Common site of Atherosclerosis : Carotid Bifurcation
Most Common Surgical emergency : Acute Appendicitis
Most Common site of Diverticula : Sigmoid Colon
Most Common Cause of SIADH : Small Cell CA of the Lung
Most Common Cause of Death in DKA pt. : Cerebral Edema
Most Common Cause of STDs : Chlamydia
Most Common Cause of 2ry HTN : Renal disease
Most Common cause of right-sided heart failure : left-sided heart failure
(either systolic or diastolic heart failure)
Most Common Cause of Intrinsic RF : Acute Tubular Necrosis
Most Common Cause of Acute RF : Pre-Renal Causes
Most Common Cause of Chronic RF : Diabetic Nephropathy
Most Common Cause of 2ry Pulmonary HTN : COPD
Most Common Cause of Protozoal Diarrahea : Giardia
Most Common Cause of Portal HTN : Liver Cirrhosis
Most Common Cause of Peripheral Neuropathy : D.M
Most Common Cause of Opportunistic infection in AIDS : Pneumocystis
Carinaii Pneumonia
Most Common Cause Chromosomal Anomaly that cause 1ry Abortion :
Trisomy 16
(also it is the most common trisomy in human pregnancies)
Most Common Cause of 2ry Abortion : Cervical Incompetence
Most Common Cause of Post-Partum Hemorrhage : Uterine Atony
Most Common Cause of Anti-Partum Hemorrhage :Abraptio Placenta
Most Common Cause of Late 2ry Post-Partum Hemorrhage : Retained
Placental Tissue
Most Common Cause of Post-Menopausal Bleeding : Atrophic Vaginitis
Most Common Cause of Post-Menopausal Bleeding : Atrophic endometritis

Most Common symptoms of Cervical/Endometrial CA : Abnormal Vaginal

bleeding not associated with a woman's period
Most Common Cause of Uterine Tumor : Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
Most Common Cause of Death in Pre-eclampsia : Cerebral hemorrhage
Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome : Mininmal Change Dis.
Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults : Focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis
Most Common Cause of Myocarditis : Coxsackie A virus
Most Common Cause of Mental Retardation : Downs Syndrome
Most Common Cause of Mental Retardation in boys Worldwide : Fragile X
syndrome
Most Common Cause of Mental Retardation in boys Worldwide : Downs
Syndrome
Most Common Cause of Liver Infection : Hepatitis A
Most Common Cause of Intussuception : Terminal ileum into Cecum
Most Common Cause of Hyperthyroidisim : Graves Disease
Most Common Cause of Hypothyroidsim in developed countries :
Hashimotos Thyroditis
Most Common Cause of Hypothyroidsim world wide : Iodine deficiency
Most Common Cause of Hypopitutarism in Children : Craniopharyngioma
Most Common Cause of HTN is : Eseential HTN
Most Common Cause of HTN in children : Renal Parenchymal Dis.
Most Common Cause of HTN in Young women : OCPs
Most Common Cause of 2ry HTN IS Renal disease .
Most Common Cause of Hyperparathyroidisim : Adenoma > Hyperplasia
> CA
Most Common Cause of Hyperparathyroidisim : CRF
Most Common Cause of Hypercalcemia : Hyperparathyroidisim
Most Common Cause type of Hernia in males & females : Indirect Inguinal
Most Common Cause of Hernia in Females : Indirect Inguinal
Most Common Cause of Hernia in Males : Indirect Inguinal
Most Common Cause of Hernia in Females : Femoral Hernia
Most Common Cause of Hereditary Bleeding Disorders : Von Willebrands
Dis.
Most Common Heart valve involved in RF : Mitral Valve
Most Common Heart valve Involved in Bacterioal Endocarditis : Mitral
Valve
Most Common Heart valve Involved in Bacterioal Endocarditis in IV drug
users : Tricuspid valve
Most Common Cause of Heart Murmur is Mitral valve Prolapse
Most Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis in Adult : IgA Nephropathy
(Bergers Dis)
Most Common Cause of Glomerulonephritis in Children : PostStrepttococal G.N

Most Common Cause of GIT obstruction : Adhesions

Most Common Cause of Small bowel obstruction : Adhesions
Most Common Hernia that cause GI obstruction : Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Most Common Protien in Urine w Multiple Myeloma : Bence Jones Protien
Most Common Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia : 21 hydroylase
def.
Most Common Disk herniation : L4 L5
Most Common Cause of End Stage Kidney Dis : DM
Most Common Cause of Dietary Def : Iron
Most Common Cause of Diarrhea in children : Rotavirus
Most Common Cause of Demenitia : Alheimers Dis.
Most Common Cause of Death worldwide : Ischemic Heart Dis.
Most Common Cause of Death in SLE pts. : Lupus Nephropathy Type 4 :
Diffuse Proliferating
Most Common Cause of Death in HTN pts. : Acute MI
Most Common Cause Silent Asymptomatic MI : DM
Most Common Cause of Death in Alheimers pts. : Aspiration Pneumonia
Most Common Cause of Death in Stroke pts. : Aspiration Pneumonia
Most Common Cause of Cushing Syndrome : Eogenous Steroid Therapy
Most Common Cause of Coronary Art. Thrombosis : Left Ant. Descending
Art.
Most Common Cause of Cyanotic Heart Dis. : TOF
Most Common Cause of Congenital Heart Dis, : VSD ( Membranous)
Most Common Cause GIT anomaly : Meckel Diverticulum
Most Common Cause Liver Cirrhosis in Western communities : Alchohol
Most Common Cause Liver Cirrhosis in Jordan : Hepatitis B
Most Common Chromosomal disorder : Downs Syndrome
Most Common Carpal Bone Fracture : Scaphoid Bone
Most Common Cause of Mets. For any CA : Regional Lymph Node
Most Common Cause Mets. After Regional L.N : Liver
Most Common Cause of Leukemia in all children : ALL
Most Common Cause of Leukemia/Malignancy in elderly : CLL
Most Common Cause of Gynecological Malignancy : Endometrial CA
Most Common Surgical Gynecological proplem : Utrine Fibroid
Number of the Chromosome involved in Cystic Fibrosis : Ch. 7
Most Common Cause Blindness is Diabetic Retinopathy
Most Common Breast Mass in young age is Fibroadenoma
Most Common Cause of Acute Infective Endocrditis : Staph Aureus
Most Common Cause of Subacute Acute Infective Endocrditis : Staph
Viridans
Most Common Cause Bacterial Arthritis in Young age : Nisseria Gonorrhea
Most Common Cause of Nosocomial Pneumonia : Staph. Aureus
Most Common Cause of Epiglotittis : Haemophillus Influena Type B
Most Common Cause of Otitis Media : Streptt. Pneumonia

Most Common Cause of Food Poisoning : Staph Aureus

Most Common GIT microflora : Bacteriodes
Most Common Cause of Sepsis in IV drug abuser : Staph. Aureus
Most Common Cause of Pneumonia in IV drug Abuser : Staph. Aureus
Most Common Cause of PID : Chlamydia
Most Common Cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia : Streptt.
Pneumonia
Most Common Cause of Nosocomial Infection : UTI
Most Common Cause of Atypical Pneumonia : Mycoplasma
Most Common Cancer of Pancreas : Adenocarcinoma
Most Common Cause of Pancreas CA ; Head
Most Common Pituitary Mass : Prolactinoma
Most Common Benign Mass of Placenta : Haemangioma
Most Common Cause Salivary Gland CA : Pliemorphic Adenoma
Most Common Skin CA : Basal Skin CA
Most Common Stomach CA : Adenocarcinoma
Most Common Testicular : Seminoma
Most Common Thyroid CA : Papillary CA
Most Common Malignant Lymphoma in Children : Burkitts Lymphoma
Most Common Cause of Addisons Disease : AI
Most Common Cause of Acute MI in Children : Kawasaki Dis
Most Common Site of Aneyrysm : Abdominal Aorta
Most Common Cause of Subarachnoid Hge : Aneurysm of Circle of Willis
Most Common Cause of Epidural (Etradural) Hge : Head Trauma
Most Common Cause of Subdural Hge
Source of Bleeding in Epidural Haematoma : Middle Meningeal Artery
Source of Bleeding in Subdural Haematoma : Bridging Viens
Subdural Haematoma in MRI : Crescent Shape
Epiadural Hematoma in MRI : Biconcave Shape
Most Common Cancer in Infancy is Hemangioma
Most Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Newborn : Hydronephrosis
Most Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Children < 1 year :
Neuroblastoma
Most Common Cause of Abdominal mass in Children > 1 year : Wilms
Tumor
Most Common Cause of men in Jordan : Colon
Most Common Cause of men in International : Prostate
Most Common Cause in Women : Breast CA
Most Common Benign Tumor in Women : Leimyoma (Fibroid)
Most Common Breast CA : Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Most Common Liver CA : Metastasis
Most Common 1ry Liver CA : HCC
Most Common Liver CA in children : Hepatoblastoma
Most Common Cancer Death worldwide : Lung CA

Most Common 1ry Bone CA in Adults & Old Age : Multiple Myeloma
Most Common Mets. To Bone CA in males : Prostate CA
Most Common Mets. To Bone CA in females : Breast CA
Most Common Bone CA in Children : Osteosarcoma
Most Common Brain Malignant Tumor in Children : Medulloblastoma in
Cerebellum
Most Common Brain Benign Tumor in Children : Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Most Common Brain Malignant Tumor in Adult : (Gliomas ; Glioblastoma
Multiform)
Most Common Brain Benign Tumor in Adult :
Most Common Soft Tissue Mass / C.T tumor : Lipoma
Most Common Benign Eosphageal Neoplasm : Leimyoma
Most Common Malignant Eosphgeal Neoplasm ; Squamous Cell CA
Most Common Site of Squamous Eosphgeal CA : Upper 2/3
Most Common Site of Eosphgeal Adenocarcinoma : Upper 1/3
Most Common Origin of Mets. To Liver : Lung then GI malignancy
Most Common Cancer in Mouth , Anus , Tounge , Mouth : Squamous Cell
CA
Most Common cause of respiratory distress in newborn : Transient
tachypnea of the newborn
Most Common associated anomaly with coarctation : Bicuspid valve
Most Common affected joint in gout : First MTP
Most Common type of fluid collection in scrotum : Hydrocele
Most Common affected bowel segment in TB : Ileocecal area
Most Common abdominal emergency of early childhood : Intussusception
Most Common bacterial cause of mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia
Enterocolitica
Most Common benign hepatic lesion : Hemangioma
Most Common benign intraconal tumor of the orbit in adults : Cavernous
hemangiomas.
Most Common benign testicular mass : Simple cyst
Most Common benign tumor of spleen : Hemangioma
Most Common benign tumor of the lung : Hamartoma
Most Common bilateral testicular tumor : Lymphoma
Most Common breast tumor under age 25 years : Fibroadenoma
Most Common cardiac manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematous :
Pericarditis
Most Common cardiac tumor in children : Rhabdomyoma
Most Common causative organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in
adults : Strep. Pneumonia
Most Common causative organism of neonatal pyogenic meningitis : E.
coli
Most Common cause for pulmonary edema : Left-sided heart disease

Most Common cause non iatrogenic cause of small bowel obstruction :

Hernia
Most Common cause of a large choroid plexus cyst : Trisomy 18
Most Common cause of a large pleural fluid collection in the newborn
period : Chylothorax
Most Common cause of acute testicular pain in postpubertal male : Acute
epididymitis
Most Common cause of acute testicular pain in prepubertal male : Torsion
Most Common cause of bilateral breast edema : CHF
Most Common cause of biliary obstruction : Choledocholithiasis
Most Common cause of bleeding between menstrual cycles : Endometrial
hyperplasia
Most Common cause of bronchopneumonia : Staphylococcal
Most Common cause of cancer deaths in males and females :
Bronchogenic CA
Most Common cause of cause of infectious esophagitis : Candida
Esophagitis
Most Common cause of cavitary (necrotic) pneumonia in a child : Strep
pneum
Most Common cause of Charcot joints : Diabetes mellitus
Most Common cause of colonic obstruction in adults : Malignancy
Most Common cause of colonic obstruction in the infant : Meconium plug
syndrome in CF patients
Most Common cause of congenital CNS infection : CMV
Most Common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction : Duodenal
atresia
Most Common cause of cord ischemia : Thromboembolic disease
Most Common cause of cyanosis in a child : Tetralogy of Fallot
Most Common cause of cyanosis n newborn Transposition of great vessels
Most Common cause of dwarfism : Achondroplasia
Most Common cause of end-stage renal disease : Diabetic Nephropathy
Most Common cause of epididymitis in males aged 15 to 35 years :
Sexually transmitted diseases
Most Common cause of facial hemipalsy : Bell palsy
Most Common cause of left atrial dilatation : Mitral regurgitation
Most Common cause of lower GI bleeding : Diverticulosis
Most Common cause of malignancy of men in the world Bronchogenic
CA
Most Common cause of membranous croup : Staph. Aureus
Most Common cause of Neonatal Pneumonia : Group B streptococcus
Most Common cause of nephrocalcinosis in adults : Primary
hyperparathyroidism
Most Common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult female :
Breast CA

Most Common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult male :

Prostate CA
Most Common cause of renal vein thrombosis in adults : Nephrotic
syndrome
Most Common cause of squamous cell ca. in the renal pelvis : Chronic
Infected stag horn calculus
Most Common cause of testicular swelling : Hydrocele
Most Common cause of SVC syndrome : Bronchogenic CA
Most Common cause of tricuspid stenosis : Rheumatic heart disease
Most Common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
(HCM)
Most Common cause of toxic mega colon : Pseudomembranous colitis
Most Common chest x-ray abnormality in the ICU : Atelectasis
Most Common complication of ERCP : Pancreatitis
Most Common congenital abnormality of GI tract : Meckels diverticulum
Most Common congenital anomaly of CNS in live births :
Myelomeningocele
Most Common congenital defect of CNS : Anencephaly
Most Common component of mixed germ cell tumors : Embryonal Cell CA
Most Common congenital heart disease : Bicuspid aortic valve.
Most Common cranial nerve affected by a pituitary macroadenoma : CN
VI
Most Common cranial nerve to be affected with schwannoma : VIII
Most Common cyanotic congenital heart malformation beyond neonatal
period : TOF
Most Common diffuse breast disorder : Fibrocystic disease of breast
Most Common cystic tumor of pancreas : Mucinous cystic neoplasm
Most Common estrogenic ovarian tumor : Granulosa Cell Tumor
Most Common benign ovarian neoplasm in young and middle-aged
women (<45 years) : Mature
teratoma
Most Common Cause of Ovarian CA : Epithelial Serous Cyst
Adenocarcinoma
Most Common sex cord-stromal cell tumor : Ovarian Fibroma
Most Common Benign ovarian neoplasm : Serous Cystadenoma
Most Common malignant ovarian neoplasm : Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
Most Common etiology for osteomyelitis : Staphylococcus aureus
Most Common etiology of bilaterally enlarged, hyperechoic kidneys in
newborn infant : ARPKD.
Most Common etiology of mesenteric adenitis : Viral
Most Common extra-adrenal site of pheochromocytoma : Organ of
Zuckerkandl
Most Common extraaxial neoplasm of CNS : Meningioma

Most Common etiology of rickets : Vitamin D deficiency

Most Common extrapulmonary site of tuberculosis : Urinary tract
Most Common form of emphysema in smokers : Centrilobular
emphysema
Most Common form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : Asymmetric
involvement of the
interventricular septum
Most Common form of systemic vasculitis in adults : Giant cell (temporal)
arteritis
Most Common functional tumors of the ovary : Sex cordstromal tumors
Most Common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG
production :Choriocarcinoma
Most Common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production
after choriocarcinoma :
Dysgerminoma
Most Common GI neoplasm : Adenoma
Most Common gynecologic neoplasm : Uterine Leiomyoma
Most Common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with
cavitation : Squamous
Most Common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with
pancoast tumor :
Squamous
Most Common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with
pleural effusion :
Adenocarcinoma
Most Common intramedullary tumor in children : Astrocytoma
Most Common intramedullary tumor of adults : Ependymoma
Most Common intraocular neoplasm in childhood : Retinoblastoma
Most Common intraorbital tumors found in adults : Cavernous
hemangiomas
Most Common intrathoracic fetal anomaly : Congenital diaphragmatic
Hernia
Most Common islet cell tumor in MEN 1 : Gastrinoma
Most Common islet cell tumor of the pancreas : Insulinoma
Most Common liver tumor after metastases : Hemangioma
Most Common location for a pilocytic astrocytoma : Cerebellum
Most Common location of benign and malignant masses in breast : Upper
outer quadrant
Most Common location of an ectopic pregnancy : Ampullary region of the
fallopian tube
Most Common location of benign and malignant masses in breast : Upper
outer quadrant
Most Common location of bronchogenic carcinoma : Right upper lobe

Most Common location of intraorbital abscess : Subperiosteal space on

medial wall
Most Common malignancy of childhood : Leukemia
Most Common malignant bone tumor in children : Ewings
Most Common malignant neoplasm of diaphragm : Fibrosarcoma
Most Common malignant neoplasm of the spleen : Lymphoma
Most Common malignant primary bone tumor in young adults + children :
Osteosarcoma
Most Common malignant sex cordstromal tumor : Granulosa cell tumor
Most Common malignant testicular neoplasm : Nonseminomatous germ
cell tumors
Most Common malignant tumor of the duodenum : Adenocarcinoma
Most Common malignant tumor of the heart : Angiosarcoma
Most Common malignant tumor of the small bowel : Carcinoid
Most Common mammographic finding in DCIS : Microcalcifications
Most Common mammographic finding in Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular
Carcinoma : Architectural distortion
Most Common mass lesion of the cerebellopontine angle after acoustic
schwannoma : Meningioma
Most Common metastasis to the heart : Melanoma
Most Common missed type of breast cancer on mammography :
Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Most Common metastatic cause of linitis plastica : Breast carcinoma
Most Common neonatal cyanotic congenital heart malformation :
Transposition of the great vessels
Most Common neoplasm of internal auditory canal / cerebellopontine
angle : Vestibular Schwannoma
Most Common organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in infants &
children : N. meningitides
Most Common pediatric tumor causing isosexual precocious puberty in a
girl : Granulosa cell tumor
Most Common predisposing disorder of secondary spontaneous
pneumothorax : COPD
Most Common pregnancy-related mortality in the first trimester Ectopic
pregnancy
Most Common pineal tumor : Pineal Germinoma
Most Common primary brain tumor : GBM
Most Common primary cardiac tumors in adults : Myxomas
Most Common site for cardiac myxoma : Left atrium
Most common primary cerebellar mass in an adult : Hemangioblastoma
Most Common primary demyelinating disease : MS
Most Common primary female urethral malignancy : Squamous cell
carcinoma

Most Common primary hepatic neoplasm in infants & children <5 years
old : Hepatoblastoma
Most Common primary lung tumor under age 16 : Bronchial Adenoma
Most Common renal fusion anomaly : Horseshoe kidney
Most Common renal mass in a 3 months old infant : Mesoblastic
nephroma
Most Common respiratory cause of cold agglutinin production :
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Most Common spinal cord tumor : Ependymoma
Most Common single cause of breast lumps in females between 35 to 55
years of age : Breast cyst
Most Common systemic allergic hypersensitivity-related acute smallvessel vasculitis in children : HSP
Most Common testicular tumor in a young boy : Yolk sac tumor
Most Common tumor of adenohypophysis : Pituitary Adenoma
Most Common tumor of the appendix : Carcinoid
Most Common type of abdominal wall hernia : Inguinal hernia
Most Common type of brain hernaition : anterior / uncal transtentorial
Most Common type of cancer to arise from a thyroglossal duct cyst :
Papillary carcinoma
Most Common type of cardiomyopathy : Dilated cardiomyopathy
Most Common type of liver abscess : Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Most Common type of lymphoma involving the head and neck region :
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Most Common type of malignancy in undescended testis : Seminoma
Most Common type of of pituitary adenomas : Prolactinoma
Most Common virilizing tumor of ovary : Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor
Most Common Site of Squamous Cell CA in mouth : Lower Lip
Most Common Cause of Abruptio placenta : Pre-eclamptic Toxemia
Most Common Cause of 1st trimester Bleeding : Abortion
Most Common Cause of Ectopic Pregnancy : PID
Most Common Cause of post partum haemorrage is Uterine Atony
Most Common Cause of Maternal Death is Postpartum Bleeding
Most Common Indication of CS is previous CS
Most Common Indication of CS in primgravida is failure to progress
( Cephalopelvic / Disproportion)
Most Common Risk Factor of Uterine Rupture is Previous CS
Most Common Risk Factor of Cervical CA is HPV
Most common primary obstetric causes of neonatal death is preterm
delivery/birth
Most Common Cause of Death in Premature infants : RDS
Most Common Female pelvis : Gynecoid (Rarest being platy pelloid)
Most Common Cause of PID : Chlamydia
Most Common Cause Valvular / Vainal prutitis : Candida

Most Common Specific Anomaly in Infants of Diabetic mothers : Sacral

Agensis ( Caudal Regression Syndrome)
Most Common Congenital Anomaly in Infant of Diabetic mother : VSD
Most Common Cause of Polyhydroamnios : Idiopathic
Most Common Cause of Preterm Labour : Preterm
Most Common Cause of Oligohydroamnios : Rupture of Amniotic
Membranes (ROM)
Most Common Cause of Preterm Labour : Preterm Rupture of Amniotic
membranes
Most Common Fetal position : Left Occipito Anterior
Most Common form of cephalic presentation : Vertex presentation
Most Common Cause of 2ry Amenorrhea : Pregnancy
Most Common Cause of Pathological 2ry Amenorrhea : PCOs
Most Common Symptom of Valvular CA : Pruritis
Most Common Type of (Cervical / Valvular / Vaginal ) : Squamous Cell CA
Most Common Cause of Heavy Vaginal Bledding in Child-bearing age :
Dysf. Uterine Bleeding
Most Common Cause of Painful Vaginal Rash : HSV type 2
Best Time for DM Screening during Pregnancy : 24 28 weeks
Best Time for Group B Streptt. Screening : 35 37 weeks
Best Time for Triple Marker Screening : 15 20 weeks
Best way to Dx Endometrioses : Laproscopy
Best way to Dx Ectopic Pregnancy : Laproscopy
Best way to Dx Fibroid : Ultrasound
Best way to Dx Adenomysis : MRI
Most Dangerous Complication of IUFD : DIC
Most Dangerous Complication of Missed Abortion : DIC
Pediatric Commons
1. Acute Gastroenteritis = Rotavirus
2. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)= S. aureus
3. Neonatal Sepsis = group B Streptococcus, E. coli, and Listeria
monocytogenes Pericarditis = viral (coxsackie B, adenovirus, influenza,
echovirus)
4. Otitis Media / sinusitis most in = first 2 years (rhinovirus, RSV most often)/
Strep Pneumonia
5. Otitis externa = Pseudomonas aeruginosa(most common cause), S.
aureus(second most common cause).
6. Osteomyelitis: ( S. aureusmost common overall, in all) (Pseudomonas
puncture wound) ( More Salmonella in sickle cell (S. aureusstill most
common)
7. Septic arthritis: ( Almost all S. aureus) ( Most in young children;
hematogenous; LE > UE and other parts of body)
8. Most common STD in developed countries = Chlamydia
9. Bronchiolitis = RSV

10.
Croup = Parinfluenza Virus Type 1
11.
Epiglottitis = Hemophilus influenza
12.
Viral encephalitis = HSV
13.
Viral ,meningitis = Enteroviruses
14.
Bacterial Meningitis newborns = GBS/E. coli
15.
Bacterial Meningitis > 2 months = S.Pneumonia
16.
Bacterial Meningitis young adults = S.Pneumonia/ Neisseria
meningitides
17.
PNEUMONIA =
a. Viral Pneumonia
i. RSV . infants
ii. . Parainfluenza . kids
iii. Influenza virus . adults
iv. ( Nonviral causes more common in children older than 5 years
of age MostM. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae(not
trachomatis) S.pneumoniaemost common with focal infiltrate
in children of all ages
18.
Erythema infectious = Paravirus B19
19.
Measles = Paramyxovirus
20.
Rubella = Rubella virus
21.
Roseola = HHV-6
22.
Chicken box = VZD
23.
Hand Foot And Mouth disease = Coxsackie A virus
24.
Acute renal failure in young children = Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
(HUS) (Most from E. coli)
25.
Abduminal mass = Neonate- Hydronephrosis/ <1year
Neuroblastoma / > 1year Willms tumor
26.
MC brain tumor = Benign Astrocytoma( infratentorial) /
Medullablastoma
27.
MCC of cerebral Palsy = Intrapartum asphyxia
28.
Most common Skull fracturesInjuries During Deliveries = linear Skull
fracture
29.
MCC of Death in Tetanus = Respiratory arrest
30.
MC complication in Infectious mononucleosis(EBV kissing diz) =
Splenic Hemorrhage
31.
MC helminthes = Ascariasis ( MC symptoms cough , Hemoptysis)
32.
MCC of Craniotabes= prematurity
33.
Most common pattern of human malformation = Trisomy 21 (Down
Syndrome)
34.
Second most common pattern of human malformation = Trisomy 18
(Edwards Syndrome)
35.
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) most common findings manifested at =
puberty
36.
Most common type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome =type 1
37.
most common teratogen to which fetus can be exposed = Alcohol
38.
most common Failure-to-thrive (FTT) is = nutritional neglect
39.
most common PHYSICAL ABUSE = Bruises
40.
Immersion burns most common in = infants

41.
Croup most common in = winter
42.
Most common laryngeal airway anomaly and is the most frequent
cause of stridor in infants and children = Laryngomalacia
43.
Second most common cause of stridor = Congenital Subglottic
Stenosis
44.
Third most common cause of stridor = Vocal Cord Paralysis
45.
most commonsite of foreign body aspiration in children age <1 year
= Larynx (In children age >1 year, think trachea or right mainstem
bronchus.
46.
Most common life-limiting recessive trait among whites = CYSTIC
FIBROSIS (CF)
47.
most common cause of exocrine pancreatic deficiency in children=
CF
48.
most common cause of anaphylaxis seen in emergency rooms =
Food allergic reactions
49.
Most common reasons Anaphylaxis = In hospitallatex, antibiotics,
IVIg (intravenous immunoglobulin), radiocontrastagents (Out of hospital
food (most common is peanuts)
50.
Subacute and Chronic Atopic Dermatitis Most Commonly Affects the
= Flexural Surfaces of Joints
51.
Most common Selective IgA deficiency = B-cell defect
52.
Chemical conjunctivitis most common in = first 24 hours of life
53.
Most common primary malignant intraocular tumor =
Retinoblastoma
54.
Most common area of Epistaxis = anterior septum (Kiesselbach
plexus) Digital trauma (nose picking; most common)
55.
Polyps Most common cause is = cystic fibrosis
56.
Most common congenital heart lesion = VSD common are
membranous
57.
Most common cyanotic lesion = TOF
58.
Most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the immediate newborn
period = TOGA (More common in infant of diabetic mother)
59.
most common form of acquired heart disease worldwide = Acute
Rheumatic Fever
60.
Secondary HTN most common in = infants and younger children
61.
most common congenital disorder associated withmalabsorption is
cystic fibrosis
62.
Most common anomaly causing incomplete bowel obstruction with
malabsorption is = malrotation
63.
Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonate =
HirschprungDisease
64.
most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy =
Anal fissure
65.
most common cause of OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY is =
hydronephrosis (due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction or multicystic
kidney disease)
66.
Most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide = IgA
Nephropathy (Berger disease)

67.
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults =
Membranous Glomerulopathy
68.
Most common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in older children
and young adults = Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
69.
Most common hereditary human kidney disease = POLYCYSTIC
KIDNEY DISEASE Autosomal-Dominant Type (Adults)
70.
most common form of persistent proteinuria in school-aged children
and adolescents = Orthostatic type
71.
most common nephrotic syndrome seen in children is =Steroidsensitive minimal change disease
72.
Minimal Change Disease Most common = between 2 and 6 years of
age
73.
Most common disorder of sexual differentiation in boys (more in
preterm) = Undescended Testes
74.
Most common cause of testicular pain over 12 years old =Testicular
Torsion
75.
Most common cause of testicular pain 211 years of age = Torsion
of Appendix Testes
76.
Most common surgically treatable cause of subfertility in men
=Varicocele
77.
Most common Congenital hypothyroidism is = thyroid dysgenesis
(hypoplasia, aplasia, ectopia); no goiter
78.
most common cause of Acquired hypothyroidism is = Hashimoto;
thryroiditis
79.
Most common cause of rickets = Vitamin D Deficiency
80.
most common Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) = 21Hydroxylase deficiency
81.
Most common cause of Cushing Syndrome = Exogenesis
82.
Most common cause of insulin resistance is childhood obesity =
Type 2 DM
83.
Most common adolescent hip disorder = Slipped Capital Femoral
Epiphysis (SCFE)
84.
Most common genetic cause of osteoporosis = OSTEOGENESIS
IMPERFECTA
85.
Most common Congenital Pancytopenia = Fanconi anemia
(spontaneous chromosomal breaks)
86.
most common acquired cause of bleeding disorders in children is =
thrombocytopenia
87.
Most common hereditary bleeding disorder = von Willebrand
Disease (vWD)
88.
most common presenting sign of Hodgkin Lymphoma = Painless,
firm cervical or supraclavicular nodes ()
89.
Second most frequent malignancy in children; mortality 45% =
Brain tumer
90.
Most common Brain tumer = Infratentorial Tumors (Classic site
cerebellum)
91.
Second most common malignant abdominal tumor = Wilms Tumor
92.
Most common site of Pheochromocytoma = adrenal medulla

93.
most common seizure usually present within 1224 hours after
birth= Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
94.
Most common Complication of bacterial meningitis is = hearing
loss
95.
most common presentation of viral meningitis is = cerebellar
ataxia and acute encephalitis.
96.
Most common cause of lymphadenitis lasting >3 weeks =
Bartonella (Cat-Scratch Disease)
97.
Most common presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans =
Pneumonia
98.
Most common complication of Measles is = otitis media
99. mumps Most common in = winter/spring
100.most common complication of mumps = Meningoencephalomyelitis
101.Most common symptom of Ascariasis is = pulmonary diseasecough and
blood-stained sputum
102.most common symptoms of Enterobiasis = itching and restless sleep and
no eosinophilia
103.Most frequent congenital gastrointestinal anomaly = Meckel Diverticulum
104.Minimal Change Disease = Infection is the major complication (Most
frequent is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (S. pneumoniaemost common)
105. Most frequent tumor of the optic nerve = Optic nerve glioma
106. Most TORCH infections are acquired in = first or second trimester. Most
infants have IUGR
107. Congenital Syphilis = Treponemain scrapings (most accurate test) from
any lesion or fluid, serologic tests
a. Most helpful specific test is IgM-FTA-ABS
b. Treatmentpenicillin
108. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) Most do not survive in = first year
109. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome =Pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia
excess islets hypoglycemia; hypoglycemia may be refractory; glucose
control most important initial management
110. Most commercial formulas are = cow-milkbased with modifications to
approximate breast milk
111. Osteosarcoma most common in = Midshaft of long bones
112. Ewings Sarcoma most common in = Metapheses of long bones
113. Most common type of cerebral Palsy = Pyramidal or spastic type
114. MCC of congenital diaphragmatic hernia = Buchdalick ( posterior )
115. MCC of bowel obstruction in first 2 years = Intussusception
116. Most common GI emergency in neonates = NEC ( Comp.Short bowel synd.
And intist.Stricture
117. Most specific sepsis screen test = neutropenia ( sensitive I:T)
118. Most sensitive measure of volume state = HR
119. varicella infection = Most people over 18 years of age even without a
reliable history of varicella infection, will still be immune
120. Bronchiolitisalmost all children infected by age=<2 years, most severe at
age 12 months in winter months.
121. Umbilical Hernia most close by = 5 years

122. Aortic Stenosis Most are = bicuspid aortic valveusually asymptomatic in

children
123. Valvular disease most important complication (mitral, aortic, tricuspid) in
= Acute Rheumatic Fever
124. Most important early issue inCleft Lip and Palateis = feeding (special
nipple needed)
125. Chronic Diarrhea and Malabsorption =
a. Fat
i. Most useful screening test is stool for fat (Sudan red stain)
ii. Confirm with 72-hour stool for fecal fat (gold standard for
steatorrhea)
iii. Steatorrhea is most prominent with pancreatic insufficiency; all
require a sweat chloride
iv. Serum trypsinogen is also a good screen (reflects residual
pancreatic function)
126. Jejunal or Ileal Atresia Most present on = the first day of life.
127. Most frequent congenital gastrointestinal anomaly = Meckel Diverticulum
128. Most important primary treatment in IgA Nephropathy (Berger disease) =
is blood pressure control.
129. Precocious Puberty=(Girlssexual development <8 years old Boys
sexual development <9 years old)Most common etiologies:- Sporadic and
familial in girls /Hamartomas in boys
130. The most serious sequelae of Kawasaki disease are = cardiac-related.
( important test is 2D echocardiogram; repeat at 23 weeks and, if normal,
at 68 weeks. Also get ECG, follow platelets.)
131. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Most resolve within = 6 months
132. Best initial diagnostic test for Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) =
chest radiograph(Best initial treatment oxygen, Most effective treatment
intubation and exogenous surfactant administration)
133. best testFor Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) / Meconium
aspiration is = Chest x-ray for
134. best test for Diaphragmatic hernia is = Postnatal x-ray (Best initial
treatmentimmediate intubation in delivery room for known or suspected
CDH, followed by surgical correction when stable (usually days).
135. Best diagnosis for Herpes Simplex=: PCR, any body fluid (Best treatment:
IV acyclovir ASAP)
136. best tool to determine patterns of growth = Growth chart is the.
137. best growth curve indicator for acute malnutrition = Weight/height <5th
percentile is the single
138. best clinical indicator for measure of under- and overweight = BMI
139. best test for CF = Sweat test
140. Best initial test for Diagnosis Orbital cellulitis = CT scan with contrast of
orbits and surrounding area
141. best test for diagnosing all cardiac congenital defects is
=.Echocardiography is the

142. best test forGastroesophagealReflux Disease (GERD) = Esophageal pH

monitoring
a. H2-receptor antagonist (ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine)first-line
with overall best safety profile
b. Proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole)
most potent for severe reflux and esophagitis
143. best test Pyloric Stenosis is = ultrasound
144. Testes should be descended by 4 months of age or will remain
undescended; surgery best performed at = 6 months
145. best test for Cushing Syndrome is = Dexamethasone-suppression test
single
146. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)=
a. Best screen: ANA
b. Best test: anti-dsDNA (more specific for lupus; reflects disease activity)
c. AntiSmith = Specific
147. best test for Sickle Cell Anemia = Hb electrophoresis
148. Best test Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is = bone marrow aspirate
lymphoblasts
149. best initial test for all BRAIN TUMORS= Head CT scan (MRI best imaging
test overall)
150. Best initial test for Wilms Tumor is =ultrasound (Abdominal CT scan
confirmatory test)
151. Most tumors can be localized by = CT scan (best initial test) and MRI
152. Best screen for Wilson Disease = serum ceruloplasmin (decreased)
153. best test For viral meningitis = PCR of CSF is the
154. Best initial diagnostic test for RDS= chest radiograph
155. first-line therapy for Allergic Rhinitis = Antihistamines
156. first-line therapy for otitis media = amoxicillin (high dose) (Alternate firstline drug or history of penicillin allergy = azithromycin
157. first-line therapy for Sinusitis = amoxicillin (Alternativecefuroxime
axetil, cefpodoxime, azithromycin)
158. Most useful screening test for Chronic Diarrhea and Malabsorption is =
stool for fat (Sudan red stain)
159. Initial presentation Neuroblastomaoften as = metastasis
160. Primary initial pulmonary hallmark for RSD is = hypoxemia (Most
accurate diagnostic testL/S ratio (part of complete lung profile; lecithintosphingomyelin ratio)
161. Hallmark in Toxoplasmosis =hydrocephalus with generalized calcifications
and chorioretinitis
162. Hallmark in Rubella =the classic findings of cataracts, deafness, and heart
defects
163. Hallmark in CMV = microcephaly with periventricular calcifications;
petechiae with thrombocytopenia
164. Hallmark in Herpes =skin vesicles, keratoconjunctivitis, acute
meningoencephalitis

165. Hallmark in Syphilis =osteochondritis and periostitis; skin rash involving

palms and soles and is desquamating; snuffles (mucopurulent rhinitis)
166. Most food allergies are = egg, milk, peanuts, nuts, fish, soy, wheat, but
any food may cause a food allergy.
167. most common presenting sign for Hodgkin = Painless, firm cervical or
supraclavicular nodes Lymphoma
168. most obvious manifestation in Cerebral Palsyis = impaired ability of
voluntary muscles (rigidity and spasticity).
169. In Spinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) Treatment is supportive; there is no
curemost die in first = 2 years of life
170. MCC of limp = Trauma
171. MC joint in septic Arthritis = Hip
172. Red Current jelly = intussusception
173. Drug of choice for lead poisioning in children = Sucomir ( in adults
Penicillamine )
174. Drug of choice for impetigo = penicillin
175. Adrenal Medullary Tumor . Children = Neuroblastoma
(Pheochromocytoma: adults)
176. Cardiac 1ry Tumor . Child = .Rhabdomyoma . associated w/ Tuberous
sclerosis
177. Cause of Death in premature = NRDS = hyaline membrane disease
178. Cause of Death in SLE pts. = . Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse
Proliferative) = Renal Disease
179. Non Hodgkin.s Lymphoma =. Follicular small clear cell
180. Pt. with Hodgkin.s =. Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type . Female)
( Reed Strenberg cells)
181. Pt. with Minimal Change Disease = Young Child
182. Site of Diverticula = Sigmoid Colon
183. Thyroid CA=. Papillary CA
184. Tumor of Infancy =. Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain =
Hemangioma
185.
Type of Hodgkin.s =. Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic
predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)
186. Type of Non-Hodgkin.s = Follicular, small cleaved
187. Type of Soft Tissue Tumor of Childhood = Rhabdomyosarcoma
188. Bug in Otitis Media & Sinusitis in Kids =. Strep. Pneumoniae
189. Complication of COPD =. Pulmonary infections
190. Enzyme deficiency = 21 hydroxylase - 95% of CAH
191. Hypertension children = Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm's tumor
192. Hypopituitarism = kids Craniopharyngioma
193. MC muscle dystrophy in children = Becker.s Muscular Dystrophy (Similar
to Duchenne, but less severe
194. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy = Deficiency of dystrophin protein MD
X-linked recessive
195. Erb-Duchenne Palsy = Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus
Waiter.s Tip

196. Lesch-Nyhan = HGPRT deficiency/ Gout, retardation, self-mutilation

197. Ehler.s-Danlos = Defective collagen
198. Felty.s Syndrome = Rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
199. Goodpasture.s = Autoimmune: ab.s to glomerular & alveolar basement
membranes. Seen in men in their 20.s
200. Guillain-Barre = Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune
(ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
201. Hashitoxicosis = Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto.s Thyroiditis that
precedes hypothyroidism
202. Buerger.s Disease = Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of
extremities painful ischemia gangrene Seen almost exclusively in
young and middle-aged men who smoke.
203. Berger.s Disease = IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids, usually
following infection
204. Henoch-Schonleinpurpura = Hypersensivityvasculitis = allergic purpura.
Lesions have the same age.
1. Hemmorhagicurticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal
involvement)
2. 83. Associated with upper respiratory infections
205. Kawasaki most Affect = Medium size vessels ( especially coronaries )
206. Hirschprung.s Disease = Aganglionicmegacolon
207.
Rotor Syndrome = Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) (Similar to
Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver)
208. Horner.s Syndrome = Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical
sympathetic nerves often 2to a Pancoast tumor)
209. Reye.s Syndrome =. Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy
2to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness, especially VZV
210. Pancoast Tumor = Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement
Horner.s Syndrome
211. Raynaud.s = Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities = seen in
young, healthy women
i. = Phenomenon: 2to underlying disease (SLE or
scleroderma)
212.
MOST COMMON BRAIN TUMORS
1-Most common intracranial for site of teratomas : Pineal region.
2-Most common intramedullary spinal neoplasm in adults : Ependymoma of Spinal Cord
3- Most common intramedullary tumor in children : Astrocytoma
4- Most common intramedullary tumor of adults : Ependymoma.
5-Most common intraocular neoplasm in childhood : Retinoblastoma
6- Most common intraorbital tumors found in adults : Cavernous hemangiomas
7-most common cns neoplasam in immunosuppressed patients-primary cns lymphoma
8-mc intracranial tumor-glioma(45%)
9-mc glioma -astrocytoma(30%)

10-mc astrocytoma-glioblastoma multiforme(20%)

11-mc supratentorial tumor in child-craniopharyngioma
12-mc intracranial tumor in child-cerebellar astrocytoma(2nd mc-medulloblastoma)
13-mc infratentorial tumor in child-cerebellar astrocytoma(2nd mc-medulloblastoma)
14-mc posterior fossa tumor in childhood-cerebellar astrocytoma(2nd mc-medulloblastoma)
15-astrocytes-cerebral in location in adults and cerebellar in child
16-mc tumor in childhood-astrocytoma
17-mc astrocytoma of childhood-juvenile pilocytic
18-mc malignant tumor of childhood-mesulloblastoma
19-mc hemispheric tumors in child-gliomas
20-mc midline tumors in childrens-craniopharyngioma
21-mc tumors in 1st year of llife-supratentorial tumours eg-teratoma,choroidal plexus
22-mc tumors in 1 to 10years-infra tentorial tumors(BS,CEREBELLUM)
23-mc tumors after 10years-again supratentorial(diffuse astrocytoma)
{SO MOST BRAIN TUMORS IN CHILDREN-INFRATENTORIAL}
1- Most common cause of GERD is haital hernia.
2- Most common symptom of GERD is heartburn.
3- Most common symptom of achalasia is dysphagia.
4- Most common esophageal cancer is squamous cell cancer.
5- Most common symptom (1st symptom ) of esophageal cancer is dysphagia.
6- Most common cause of peptic ulcer is helicobacter pylori.
7- Most common complication of peptic ulcer is gastric intestinal bleeding ( melena )
8- Most common emergent complication of peptic ulcer ( that need surgery ) is
perforation.
9- Most common site of gastric ulcer is lesser curvature ( incisura angularis )
10- Most common site of duodenal ulcer is pulp of duodenum ( 1st part of duodenum
)
11- Most common site of gstrinoma is pancreas
12- 2nd Most common site of gastrinoma is duodenum.
13- Most sensitive diagnosis of peptic ulcer that induced helicobacter pylori is stool
antigen test
14- The best drug of peptic ulcer that induced NSAID is misoprastol.
15- Most common symptom of gastric cancer in stage 3 is weight loss .
16- Most common risk factor for gastric cancer is helicobacter pylori.
17- Most common site for metastasis of gastric cancer is liver
18- Most common site for GI lymphoma is stomach
19- Most common gastric cancer is adenocarcinoma .
20- Most common hernia is inguinal hernia .
21- Most common inguinal hernia is indirect inguinal hernia.
22- Most common inguinal hernia in male is small bowel .
23- Most common inguinal hernia in female is ovarian and fallopian tubes
24- Most common hernia causes strangulate is femoral hernia.
25- Most common nerve injured during repair surgery of inguinal hernia is
ileoinguinal nerve.

2627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748-

1st site of jaundice is under the tongue .

Most common type of gallstone is mixed gallstone
2nd Most common type of gallstone is cholesterol gallstone.
Most common artery injured during cholecystectomy is Rt hepatic artery
Most common bacteria that causes ascending cholangitis is E.coli .
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone .
Most common complication of acute pancreatitis is pseudocyst.
Most common indication for surgery in acute pancreatitis is pseudocyst
Most common cause of death in acute pancreatitis is infection and sepsis .
Most sensitive diagnosis for cholelithasis ( gallstone ) is abdominal ultrasound .
Most sensitive diagnosis for choledocholithasis is MRCP .
Most common site of volvulus is sigmoid .
2nd Most common site of volvulus is cecum .
Most common area that rupture in large bowel obstruction is cecum.
Most common site of appendix is retrocecal .
2nd Most common site of appendix is retroileal .
3d Most common site of appendix is pelvic
Most common complication of appendtsits is wound infection . ????
Most common area that have lymph nodes in abdomen is ileum .
Most common site affected in acute mesenteric ischemia is splenic flexure .
Most common cause of massive painless lower GI bleeding is diverticulosis
Most common site of diverticulosis is sigmoid .
Most common cause for surgery in cronhs disease is small bowl obstruction
O&G MOST COMMONS

1-m.c.c abortion in first trimester------(chromosomal abnormality( trisomy 16))

2-m.c.c abortion in 2 trimester----(cervical
incompetence)
3-fetal heart by ultrasound in (7-8)weeks
4-quicking (primigravida(18 week)--multigravida (14-16))
5-m.c known cause of reccurent abortion(antipo
spholipidi antibody)
6-1st trimester bleeding (1-abortion(m.c.c)
2-ectopic pregnancy 3-molar pregnancy )
7-cervical incompitancea)n pregnant (ultrasond) 8-non pregnant with history of 2
trimester
abortion(hysterosalpingo(gram)) a no
hysterography
9-treatment cervical incompetence --cervical
cercalage in(12-14)wk removed at (36-38)wk
10-m.c.c post-term pregnancy--(inacurate dating) 11-casues of pos-term pregnancy
------------------------a)fetus causes(-adrenal hypoplesia abscence of pitutary -anencephaly) b)maternal
causes(-obesity -primigravida -inaccurate dating
(m.c))
12-maxima amniotic fluid=800cc in 28 week start decrease after 37 week
13)m.c.c antepartum hemmorrhage-(abrauptio

placenta)
14)m.c.c abruptio placenta--(HTN(PRECLAMPSIA))
The most common complication of abruptio
placenta is(postpartum hemmorrhage) 15)m.c.c placenta previa--(previous scars
after
surgery)
16)for sure diagnos placenta pevia after(28)wk
17)lower uterine segment forms from(ISTHMUS OF
UTERUS) after (28)wk
18)symptoms(apruptio)--1)painfull vaginal bleeding 2)uterine contraction 3)fetal
distress
4)uterine tender globular woody tretment conservative if mild -delivery if sever
sympyoms(previa)-1)painless vaginal bleeding
2)no uterine contraction 3)no fetal distress 4)soft
uterine treatment (cs) in 37 bed rest if mild emergent c/s if sever
19)treatment vasa previa=Velamentous insertion
of the cord---(emergent c/s)
20)treatment placenta accreta,iccreta,percreta(c/s
+hysterectomy)
20)loss of fetal station occur in uterine rupture 21)treatment of uterine rupture 1-if
small rupture
(c/s +primary repair of uterus) 2-if larg rubture(c/s
+hysterectomy)
-m.c.c of uterine rupture is (Previous
CS,Myomectomy)
-The first the

MOST COMMONs ....

1. MCC of intracranial metastasis-Ca lung

2. MCC of hepatic metastasis - Bronchogenic carcinoma
3. MCC of hepatic mets from GIT = Colonic ca
4. MCC of Intrauterine Growth retardation-C/c pyelonephritis?
5. MCC of HTN in children-A/c Glomerulonephritis
6. MC complication of CSOM-MASTOIDITIS
7. Most common extacranial complication of CSOM=Mastoiditis.
8. Most common intracranial complication of CSOM=Meningitis
9. MC ovarian tumour in pregnancy- Teratoma/Dermoid cyst
10. MC joint involved in Osteo Arthritis- Knee joint
11. MCC of interstitial/atypical pneumonia- Mycoplasma
12. MC Glycogen storage disease- Gauchers disease

13. MC porphyria-Porphyria cutanea tarda.

14. MC cause of childhood nephritic syndrom-Minimalchange disease
15. MC cause of adult nephritic syndrome- FSGS
16.MC cancer-Lung cancer
17 . MC cancer in females-Breast cancer
18. MC cause of maternal deaths-Obstetric hemorrhage(PPH)
19. MC cause of Blindness in India- Cataract
20. MC site of Gastrinoma- Duodenum.
21. MC Paraneoplastic Syndrome- Hypercalcemia
22. MC paraneoplastic endocrinopathy- Cushings syndrome
23. Mc presentation of meckels diverticulum=bleeding
24. Mc s/e of radiation on heart =pericardial effusion
25. Mc. Cause of cushings disease- pituitary microadenoma
26. Mcc of primary hyperaldosteronism- b/ l cortical hyperplasia
27. Mc aldosterone producing adrenal tumour- u/l adrenal adenoma
28. Mcc of post trauma vegetative state- diffuse axonal injury
29. Mc asso anomaly with coarctation of aorta- bicuspid aortic valve
30. Mcc of vasculitis in child- henoch- schonlein purpura
31. Mc feature of aortitis on x-ray- calcified ascending aorta
32. MC intra-abdominalmalignancy in children =Neuroblastoma
33. 2nd MC intra-abdominalmalignancy in children = Wilms tumor
34. MC hepatic malignancy in children = Hepatoblastoma
35. MC soft tissue sarcoma = Rhabdomyosarcoma
36. MC site for rhabdomyosarcoma = Head and neck
37. MC Pediatric malignancy = ALL
38. 2nd MC Pediatric malignancy = Brain tumor
39. MC brain tumor in children = Astrocytoma

40. MC brain tumor in infancy =Supratentoria

41. MC brain tumor between 1-10 yrs of age = Infratentorial
42. MC brain tumor after 10 yrs of age = Supratentorial
43. MC embryonal brain tumor = Medulloblastoma
44. MC renal mass in neonates =Multicystic renal dysplasia
45. MC malignant tumor of kidney = Wilms tumor
46. MC TUMOURS IN PARTS OF MEDIASTINUM
-------anterior- thymomas
-------mid- cyst
-------posterior- neurogenic tumour
47. Mc tumour of mediastinum- neurogenic tumour
48. most malignant masses of mediastinum- lymphomas
49. MC cause of renal artery stenosis
--------Old age- atherosclerosis
--------Young(india)- Takayasu arteritis
--------Young( western world)- fibro muscular dysplasia
50. MC of eye in AIDS
1.Lesion- microvasculopathy of conjunctiva and retina
2. Infection- chorioretinitis
3. Neoplasm- kaposi sarcoma
4. Cause of chorioretinitis- CMV
5. Finding in HIV retinopathy- cotton wool spots
6. Rx of CMV retinitis- ganciclovir,foscarnet
51. MOST COMMON site in GIT Small bowel carcinoid-ILEUM
52. Ulcerative colitis,hirsprung disease- RECTUM
53. Polyps in peutz jegher syndrome,pneumatosis cystoids intestinaleJEJUNUM
54. Amoebic colitis,volvulus-SIGMOID COLON
55. Bleeding from angiodysplasia-RIGHT COLON
56. Brenners gland-1ST PART OF DUODENUM
57. MC cause of maternal death- obst haemorrhage
58. MC of isoniazid resistance- kat G gene mutation
59. MC primary lymphoma of spleen- NHL
60. MC cause of seizure in newborn-HIE
61. MC type of seizure in newborn-subtle
62. MC tumours in newborn- sacrococcygeal teratoma
63. Mc site of colonic volvulus- sigmoid
64. Most common testicular tumour
------prepuberty-- >yolksac tumour
------overall-seminoma
------in age above 50-lymphoma
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.

MCC of hereditary thrombophilia- factor V leiden mutation

MC hereditary cause of venous thrombosis-factor V leiden mutation
MC hereditary blood coagulation disorder-factorV leiden mutation
Mc pancreatic tumour in men1- gastrinoma
MC complication of IUCD- Bleeding

70. Mc sites of primary for bone metastasis---------male-prostate>lung

----------Female-breast>lung
----------children- neuroblastoma
71. mc osteolytic mets----------male-lung ca
----------female-breast ca
71. mc- osteoblastic mets----------male-prostate
----------female-breast ca
72. Mc glomerulopathy worldwide-iga nephropathy
73. Mc cardiac tumours are secondaries
74. Mc primary neplasm of the heart - myxoma
75. Mc in infants and children- rhabdomyomas
76. MC site of sub ependymal astrocytoma-foramen of munroe
77. MC corneal dystrophy-keratoconus
78. MC anterior corneal dystrophy-Anterior basement membrane dystrophy (ABMD)
79. MC of stromal dystrophies-Lattice dystrophy is usually an autosomal dominant
condition
80. MC endothelial corneal dystrophy- Fuchs Macular dystrophy of the cornea is the
least common, but most severe
81. MC phakomatosis-neurofibromatosis (NF1)
82. MC involved in vestibular schwannoma- inf. VES. > sup VEST. >COCHLEAR DIV.
83. MC site of TB lung-Apices
84. Mc injury encounter in spine injuries- flexion of spine
85. MCC of viral meningitis-enterovirus
86. MCC of sporadic viral encephalitis- HSV1/ epidemic- Arbovirus
FACTS ABOUT Immunoglobulins:

Smallest IgIg G
Largest IgIg M
Heat Labile IgIg E
Reagenic Antibody Ig E
Earliest Antibody to be SynthesisedIg M
Ig that crosses Placenta Ig G
Ig with Minimum Life Ig E
Ig that protects Surfaces Ig A
Mainly Intravascular IgIg M
Warm Antibodies Ig G
Cold AntbodiesIg M
Ig Present in Milk Ig A

sign of rupture uterus is: Abdominal pain