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positive reactance
gen
tx
line + system
1.00890208
0.4638
0.0155
0.73635104
0.42131022
0.88511022
0.471480
total
1.21
line + system
total
0.5704912
3Io
1.86 pu
9,786.79 A
0.000626
re
ra
xe
xa
Zs(re)
Zs(img)
Rtg
Zeq
zero reactance
gen
tx
1.068249
0.4638
ne + system
0.0155
0.766025
0.43086
0.89466
0.486889
line + system
0.589136
5248.639
#NAME?
0.2385 /mile
0.06234 /km
2.749652 /mile
0.22806 /km
0.037237
0.265746
10
0.400752
1.39392
0
0.4638
0.04325
0.2319
0.186726
0.650526
0.650526
0.787136
381906
line + system
1.0089020772
0.4638
0.4909006924
0.0155
total
0.0150255733
2.618055895
174.24
3Io
20,545.98
437.3866
line + system
total
1.0682492582
0.4638
0.5106830861
0.015500
0.0150434099
2.621163737
zero reactance
gen
tx
line + system
total
174.24
46.97443 20545.98
307.8761
0
0.4638
0.1546
0.04325
0.033796
5.888537
132 kV
1F
Chilime Hub
X70
0.04325
d-1
X40
0.4638
X50
0.4638
X60
0.4638
d-2
2F
3F
Abbreviation/
Acronym
3Io
A
Cs
d
D
Df
Dm
Em
Es
Estep70
Etouch70
f
h
hs
IG
Ig
K
Kh
Ki
Kii
Km
Ks
Lc
Lc
Lm
LR
Lr
Ls
LT
Lx
Ly
n
nR
p
ps
ra
re
Rg1
Rg2
Rtg
Sf
tc
tf
ts
xa
xe
Description
Symmetrical fault current in substation for conducting sizing in A
Availabe switchyard grounding area in m2
Surface layer derating factor
Diameter of grid conductor in m
Spacing between parallel conductors in m
Decrement factor for determining IG
Maximum distance between any two points on the grid in m
Mesh voltage at the centre of the corner mesh for the simplified method in V
Step voltage between a point above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m
diagonally outside the grid for the simplified method in V
Tolerable step voltage for human with 70 kg body weight in V
Tolerable touch voltage for human with 70 kg body weight in V
System frequency
Depth of grid burial
Depth of surface layer of soil at the switchyard/tailwater
Maximum grid current that flows between ground grid and surrounding earth
(including dc offset) in A
Symmetrical grid current in A
Reflection factor between different resistivities
Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid depth for
simplified method
Corrective factor for grid geometry for simplified method
Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors on the
corner mesh for simplified method
Spacing factor for mesh voltage for simplified method
Spacing factor for step voltage for simplified method
Total length of grid conductor in m
Total effective length of grounding grid conductors in m
Effective length of Lc+LR for mesh voltage in m
Total length of ground conductor in m
Length of ground rod at each location in m
Effective length of Lc+LR for step voltage in m
Total effective length of grounding system conductor, including grid and ground
rods in m
Maximum length of grid conductor in x direction in m
Maximum length of grid conductor in y direction in m
Geometric factor composed of factors na, nb, nc and nd
Number of rods placed in area A
Soil resistivity in .m
Surface layer resistivity in .m
The AC resistance of transmission line conductor in /km
Earth fault resistance in /mile
Ground resistance of switchyard
153.938
hs
h
ps
p
K
Estep70
Etouch70
(125m x 70m)
(26 x 15)
(5m x 20m)
(2 x 5)
Rg1
Rv
Rk
0.2 m
1m
5000 m
800 m
(p-ps)/(p+ps)
-0.7241379
0.8457143
70 kg
5855.3 V
1630.3 V
26
3m
8750 m2
3773
100 m2
71
3.95
33.06
1.653
65
50
2.6
11.18034
29.06888
25
hs
h
ps
p
p
K
Estep70
Etouch70
(125m x 70m)
(26 x 15)
(5m x 20m)
(2 x 5)
Rg1
Rg2
Rv
Rk
Rg
0.2 m
1m
5000 m
800 m
60 m
(p-ps)/(p+ps)
-0.9762846
0.8185306
70 kg
5674.2 V
1585.1 V
26
3m
8750 m2
3773
100 m2
71
3.95
3.11
33.06
1.653
0.85
33.04356
25