You are on page 1of 20

For Fault at 11 kV Bus

positive reactance
gen
tx
line + system

For Fault at 132 kV Mai


negative reactance
gen
tx

1.00890208
0.4638
0.0155
0.73635104
0.42131022
0.88511022
0.471480

total
1.21

line + system

total

0.5704912
3Io

1.86 pu
9,786.79 A
0.000626
re
ra
xe
xa
Zs(re)
Zs(img)
Rtg
Zeq

or Fault at 132 kV Main Bus


egative reactance

zero reactance
gen
tx

1.068249
0.4638

ne + system

0.0155
0.766025
0.43086
0.89466
0.486889

line + system

0.589136
5248.639

#NAME?

0.2385 /mile
0.06234 /km
2.749652 /mile
0.22806 /km
0.037237
0.265746
10

0.400752
1.39392

0
0.4638
0.04325
0.2319
0.186726
0.650526
0.650526
0.787136

381906

For Fault at 132 kV Main Bus


positive reactance
gen
tx

line + system

1.0089020772
0.4638
0.4909006924
0.0155

total

0.0150255733
2.618055895
174.24
3Io

20,545.98

437.3866

For Fault at 132 kV Main Bus


negative reactance
gen
tx

line + system

total

1.0682492582
0.4638
0.5106830861
0.015500

0.0150434099
2.621163737

zero reactance
gen
tx

line + system

total
174.24

46.97443 20545.98

307.8761

0
0.4638
0.1546
0.04325

0.033796
5.888537

132 kV

1F

Chilime Hub

X70
0.04325

d-1
X40
0.4638

X50
0.4638

X60
0.4638
d-2

2F

3F

Abbreviation/
Acronym
3Io
A
Cs
d
D
Df
Dm
Em
Es
Estep70
Etouch70
f
h
hs
IG
Ig
K
Kh
Ki
Kii
Km
Ks
Lc
Lc
Lm
LR
Lr
Ls
LT
Lx
Ly
n
nR
p
ps
ra
re
Rg1

Rg2
Rtg
Sf
tc
tf
ts

xa
xe

Description
Symmetrical fault current in substation for conducting sizing in A
Availabe switchyard grounding area in m2
Surface layer derating factor
Diameter of grid conductor in m
Spacing between parallel conductors in m
Decrement factor for determining IG
Maximum distance between any two points on the grid in m
Mesh voltage at the centre of the corner mesh for the simplified method in V
Step voltage between a point above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m
diagonally outside the grid for the simplified method in V
Tolerable step voltage for human with 70 kg body weight in V
Tolerable touch voltage for human with 70 kg body weight in V
System frequency
Depth of grid burial
Depth of surface layer of soil at the switchyard/tailwater
Maximum grid current that flows between ground grid and surrounding earth
(including dc offset) in A
Symmetrical grid current in A
Reflection factor between different resistivities
Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid depth for
simplified method
Corrective factor for grid geometry for simplified method
Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors on the
corner mesh for simplified method
Spacing factor for mesh voltage for simplified method
Spacing factor for step voltage for simplified method
Total length of grid conductor in m
Total effective length of grounding grid conductors in m
Effective length of Lc+LR for mesh voltage in m
Total length of ground conductor in m
Length of ground rod at each location in m
Effective length of Lc+LR for step voltage in m
Total effective length of grounding system conductor, including grid and ground
rods in m
Maximum length of grid conductor in x direction in m
Maximum length of grid conductor in y direction in m
Geometric factor composed of factors na, nb, nc and nd
Number of rods placed in area A
Soil resistivity in .m
Surface layer resistivity in .m
The AC resistance of transmission line conductor in /km
Earth fault resistance in /mile
Ground resistance of switchyard

Ground resistance of tailwater


Impedance to remote earth of each transmission ground electrode in
Fault current division factor (split factor)
Duration of fault current for sizing of ground conductor in s
Duration of fault current for determining decrement factor in s
Duration of shock for determining allowable body current in s

The AC reactance of transmission line conductor in /km


Earth fault reactance in /mile

153.938

Depth of crushed rock


Depth of grid burial

hs
h

New High Resistance Material


Soil resistitivity at tailwater
Reflection Factor

ps
p
K

Surface Layer Derating Factor, Cs


Assumed average person's weight
Tolerable step voltage
Tolerable touch voltage
No of ground rods
length of ground rods
Area of switchyard
Gridwire pattern
Total grid conductor length for switchyard
Area of tailwater
Gridwire pattern
Total grid conductor length for switchyard
Ground resistance of switchyard

Estep70
Etouch70

(125m x 70m)
(26 x 15)
(5m x 20m)
(2 x 5)
Rg1
Rv
Rk

0.2 m
1m
5000 m
800 m
(p-ps)/(p+ps)
-0.7241379
0.8457143
70 kg
5855.3 V
1630.3 V
26
3m
8750 m2

(Same as calculated by ETAP)


(Same as calculated by ETAP)

3773
100 m2
71
3.95
33.06
1.653

65
50
2.6

(Same as calculated by ETAP)

11.18034
29.06888

25

Depth of crushed rock


Depth of grid burial

hs
h

Crushed rock resistivity


Soil resistitivity at tailwater
Soil resistitivity at switchyard
Reflection Factor

ps
p
p
K

Surface Layer Derating Factor, Cs


Assumed average person's weight
Tolerable step voltage
Tolerable touch voltage
No of ground rods
length of ground rods
Area of switchyard
Gridwire pattern
Total grid conductor length for switchyard
Area of tailwater
Gridwire pattern
Total grid conductor length for switchyard
Ground resistance of switchyard
Ground resistance of tailwater

Estep70
Etouch70

(125m x 70m)
(26 x 15)
(5m x 20m)
(2 x 5)
Rg1
Rg2
Rv
Rk
Rg

0.2 m
1m
5000 m
800 m
60 m
(p-ps)/(p+ps)
-0.9762846
0.8185306
70 kg
5674.2 V
1585.1 V
26
3m
8750 m2

(Same as calculated by ETAP)


(Same as calculated by ETAP)

3773
100 m2
71
3.95
3.11
33.06
1.653
0.85

(Same as calculated by ETAP)


(Same as calculated by ETAP)

33.04356

25

You might also like