Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Requirements
Standard Number: HPC-9DJ-23-0001-2012
Document Control
Author
Name:
Digitally signed by
Anthony Seneviratne
Date: 2013.09.16
12:36:24 +08'00'
Anthony Seneviratne
Name:
Justin Murphy
Justin Murphy
2013.09.17
10:30:19 +08'00'
Justin Murphy
2013.09.17
10:30:59 +08'00'
Justin Murphy
September 2013
Review Frequency **
3 yearly
September 2016
* Shall be the Process Owner and is the person assigned authority and responsibility for managing the whole
process, end-to-end, which may extend across more than one division and/or functions, in order to deliver agreed
business results.
** Frequency period is dependent upon circumstances maximum is 5 years from last issue, review, or revision
whichever is the latest. If left blank, the default shall be 1 year unless otherwise specified.
Revision Control
Revision
Date
Description
10/09/2013
STAKEHOLDERS
The following positions shall be consulted if an update or review is required:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
PURPOSE .................................................................................................... 6
APPLICATION ............................................................................................. 6
3.1
3.2
Definitions ................................................................................................................ 7
4.1
General .................................................................................................................. 10
4.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.1
Access .................................................................................................................... 13
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 13
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.2
6.2.1
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
Doors .................................................................................................................................... 16
6.3.4
6.3.5
Cable Trenches..................................................................................................................... 17
POINT OF SUPPLY.................................................................................... 18
7.1
7.2
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8.1
8.2
8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
Doors .................................................................................................................................... 20
8.3.3
Ventilation ............................................................................................................................. 20
8.3.4
Cables ................................................................................................................................... 20
8.3.5
10
10.1
10.1.1
10.2
Cables .................................................................................................................... 25
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
11
11.1
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.3
11.4
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.5
11.6
12
13
13.1
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.2
Noise ...................................................................................................................... 33
13.2.1
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13.2.2
14
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PURPOSE
This document describes the technical requirements to be met where a new
substation is to be installed or an existing substation is to be upgraded. In the
hierarchy of documents pertaining to distribution substations, this document sits
below the Distribution Design Manual Volume 3 Supply to Large Customer
Installations and above the Distribution Substation Manuals, DSM-1 to DSM-9.
This document shall also be read in conjunction with one of the following
documents published by Horizon Power:
APPLICATION
All persons, including Horizon Power staff and contractors involved in the
installation of substations for connection to Horizon Powers distribution network
shall comply with these requirements, except as otherwise approved.
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following documents contain provisions that, though referenced in the text,
constitute requirements of these Substation Installation Technical Requirements,
but not limited to these documents. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards and specifications are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the documents listed below.
Information on currently valid national and international standards and
specifications can be obtained from SAI Global.
3.1
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3.2
Dial Before You Dig Service for lodging an enquiry and requesting a plan;
Definitions
The definitions and abbreviations below apply:
Architect
Cluster Substation
Conductive
structures
Contiguous
Customer Owned
Substation
Distribution
System
District Substation
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Electrical
Consultant
Fire Rated
Fire Resistant
Surface
Construction
Project Manager
Gatic Cover
Guideline
MEN
Medium Voltage
(MV)
Modular Packaged
Substation (MPS)
Policy
Procedure
Site
All parts of the works that are the subject of the offer and
acceptance between Horizon Power and the Customer for the
provision of electrical services.
Sole Use
Substation
Structural
Engineer
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Substation
(Distribution
Substation)
Suitably qualified
and competent
engineer.
WADCM
WAER
Works
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4.1
General
All works shall be carried out in compliance with the following Horizon Power
documented requirements and all works shall cease if the safety of workers or
the public cannot be assured:
4.2
a)
b)
c)
d)
Contractor Responsibilities;
e)
f)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Project Flow and Quality Assurance Procedure for all work types;
j)
k)
l)
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GENERAL CONCEPTS
The standard substation types installed by Horizon Power are given below.
5.1
b)
c)
Type and nature of loads within the installation (disturbing, passive, etc.);
d)
e)
LV street feeds may be required to/from a substation for the following reasons:
a)
b)
There will be future developments and load growth in the immediate area;
c)
d)
Ease of maintaining equipment in the substation (e.g. with street feeds into
the substation, the customer's load can be partly met while the MV
switchgear is being maintained); etc.
5.2
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5.3
5.4
The maximum load is greater than 630 kVA after allowing for future load
growth; or
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6.1
Access
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
Equipment
Access to the substation shall be suitable for heavy plant. If a transformer is to
be installed, consideration shall be given to installation constraints (i.e. size and
weight). The general dimensions of a 1000 kVA, 33 kV transformer are,
1600 mm high x 2100 mm wide x 1800 mm long, with a mass of 5 tonnes.
Equipment foundations shall be capable of holding the loads of all equipment to
be installed.
The method of lowering or raising large items of equipment shall be considered
at the design stage.
6.1.4
Personnel Access
Horizon Power shall be provided direct access to all substations, 24 hours per
day, 7 days per week. This is required even where the substation is located
within a building or more than 30 metres from a property boundary.
6.1.5
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6.2
b)
Position of the site in terms of elevation above flood levels and location in
relation to coastal or inland environments;
c)
Weather conditions
precipitation;
d)
Drainage;
e)
f)
g)
The size and overall weight of the structure in terms of the prevailing
ground conditions.
including
ambient
temperature
and
levels
of
The site shall not be lower than the finished level of surrounding lots and
adjacent road carriageways. In rural areas, the finished level of
carriageways may be higher than the surrounding areas to allow for natural
drainage from the carriageway;
b)
Substations shall not be built in water courses and shall be located 1 metre
above the 100 year flood level, pegged, compacted and levelled to an out
of plane tolerance of 10 mm. ( In certain locations, where the built up area
is below the 100 year flood level, pad-mount substations may not be
suitable);
c)
d)
The site shall be suitably prepared and the ground stabilised by the
removal of any vegetation and a layer of top soil to the depth of 100 mm
and then backfilling with a layer of sand. If the site contains materials other
than sand (e.g. rock, clay or building materials) the site shall be excavated
and back filled with clean compacted sand to a depth of 1 metre;
e)
f)
In the event that the site is higher than the finished levels of neighbouring
areas, retaining walls, access steps and drainage complying with the
relevant Australian Standards and the requirements of the Local
Government Authority shall be provided;
g)
If batters are required, they shall be provided with a finish that prevents
wind and water erosion, including kerbing or similar low profile retaining
structures around the lower edge to maintain batter material. Where
retaining walls, access steps, screens and /or batters are installed, the land
requirements shall be increased to accommodate these associated
features and any associated footings. Footings for such structures, or
adjacent properties shall not encroach into the substation area;
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h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
6.3
6.3.1
General Requirements
a)
b)
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c)
Materials used for walls, ceilings and floors on the ground shall not be
damaged by water penetration or leakage;
d)
e)
The building design including foundations shall take into account the
expected mechanical loading (weight of transformers and other equipment)
and internal pressure caused by an arc fault;
f)
The design strength of the building shall be sufficient to withstand all static
and dynamic loads due to normal operation of the installation and
abnormal conditions associated with equipment failure, not limited to but
including internal pressure caused by an arc fault or oil vapour explosion;
g)
Floors shall be flat and stable and able to support the static and dynamic
loads;
h)
i)
The external walls and roof of the building shall have sufficient design
strength for the environmental conditions (rain, wind, sun etc.); and
j)
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
Aisles shall be at least 750 mm wide and shall not be reduced even where
equipment projects into aisles;
b)
c)
Doors
a)
b)
Access doors shall open outwards and be provided with safety signs in
accordance with HPC-2AA-07-0001-2012: Guideline - General Application
of Signs Used on Distribution Equipment;
c)
Doors shall be positioned such that they do not create a personnel hazard
or allow blockage by parked vehicles;
d)
Emergency exit doors shall have panic release bars fitted to facilitate
opening in an emergency from the inside, even when they are locked from
the outside;
e)
The minimum dimension of doors shall be 2040 mm high and 820 mm wide
for single doors and 2040 mm high and 1720 mm wide for double doors.
Ventilation
Ventilation is required to assist air circulation and help cool transformers. The
preferred method for aerating fully enclosed substations is by natural cross flow
ventilation. This methodology minimises the risk of transformer or equipment
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Cable Trenches
Trenches shall be 1200 mm x 1200 mm with trench walls and floors painted with
Silicon Glaze S50 waterproof paint. Trench covers shall be steel grated with
Webforce C253MP or equivalent (Refer to DSM-6-10 and DSM-3).
Access to trench from the outside shall be via conduits only. Once cables have
been installed, conduits shall be completely sealed with fire retardant material
(Refer to DSM-6-01).
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POINT OF SUPPLY
The customer shall provide and install the consumer mains cable from the
customers main switchboard to Horizon Powers designated point of supply.
These cables shall:
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.1
The maximum size of consumer mains that can be terminated within a District or
Sole Use Substation is shown in DSM-1.
7.2
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8.1
Up to 630 kVA
1m
6m
3m
7.5 m
Substation enclosures not fully enclosed, with open roof, shall maintain
clearance to non fire rated building surfaces in accordance with Table 1. (See
details in DSM-5).
8.2
Substations
Substation)
Installed
Indoors
(Including
Customer
Owned
All Substations installed indoors (inside buildings) shall be fire rated to a FRL not
less than 120/120/120. This applies if the Substation building houses a single
transformer rated lower than 630 kVA or contains several transformers with
capacity 630 kVA or greater.
Where there are more than two transformers, transformer pairs shall be fire
segregated to a FRL not less than 120/120/120.
8.3
8.3.1
Fire Rating
Fire rated enclosures such as Indoor substations shall be fire rated, with a
minimum FRL 120/120/120 fire rating.
FRL 120/120/120 fire rated walls are deemed to comply if they constructed in
accordance with AS 3700 as follows:
(a)
(b)
Reinforced concrete floors and roofs/ceilings shall be built to be not less than
100 mm thick at the point of minimum cross section in order to achieve a
FRL 120/120/120 fire rating.
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8.3.2
Doors
Fire rated enclosures such as Indoor substations shall be fitted with self-closing
fire doors having a FRL not less than 120/120/120 when;
(a)
(b)
Where there is any other structure within its fire risk zone (see DSM-5-02
DSM-5-04 and DSM-5-05 for details).
Fire resistant doors shall be fitted with panic release bars, complying with
AS 1905.
8.3.3
Ventilation
Ventilation and pressure relief device openings in indoor substations shall be
fitted with self closing dampers having a FRL not less than 120/120/120 when:
(a)
Fire exits or areas set aside for fire escape purposes are within 6 m of such
openings (although there shall be no opening to a fire isolated stairwell); or
(b)
An opening is not more than 2 m from any other part of a building housing
the substation or any other adjacent building.
Cables
Cables located within a building and supplying an indoor substation shall be
enclosed or otherwise protected by an enclosure constructed to an FRL of not
less than 120/120/120.
Cables in trenches and buildings shall be laid in such a way that the fire safety of
the building is not adversely affected. Trench covers shall not exceed 1 metre in
length and shall be steel grated with Webforce C253MP or equivalent (Refer to
DSM-6-10 and DSM-3). To avoid fire propagation, ducts through which cables
pass from one room to another shall be sealed with suitably fire resistant
(minimum 2 hrs) material.
Power and control circuits shall be physically separated or routed differently to
preserve the integrity of control circuits for as long as possible following possible
damage to power circuits.
(Refer to DSM-6 and DSM-3)
8.3.5
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Fire alarm systems shall be dual activation systems including both thermal (rate
of rise detectors) and smoke detectors.
Fire suppression systems shall be capable of containing the fire and be of the
sprinkler type with foam (dry head). Water sprinklers are not permitted. The foam
released shall not damage equipment within the substation or interfere with their
operation.
In addition to the requirements of clause 8.3.1, automatic fire suppression
protection should be considered when transformers with capacity 630 kVA or
more are installed.
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SCREENING OF SUBSTATIONS
Where a MPS or non MPS cluster arrangement is to be installed, Horizon Power
has no requirement for screening around the site. However, the Customer may
elect to install screening around the site (e.g. for aesthetic reasons). The erection
of such screening is at the Customers discretion and is the Customers
responsibility.
If the Customer proposes to install screening, this shall be stated in the
Customers application to Horizon Power. The following conditions relating to
screening shall apply:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The screening shall be installed only after Horizon Power has completed all
work on site. This is to ensure that the screening does not interfere with
installation work nor become undermined by any Horizon Power trench
excavation;
f)
g)
h)
i)
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j)
k)
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10
SYSTEM VOLTAGE
10.1
(kV)
(MVA)
(kA)
6.6
200
18.1
11
350
18.1
22
500
13.1
33
750
13.1
Suitably rated fuses and circuit breakers shall be used to achieve this objective.
The ratings, length and exposure to damage of cables downstream of protective
devices shall be considered, to ensure that cables are adequately protected.
Other downstream protective devices such as customers main switch shall
grade with substation fuses.
Details of fuses and circuit breakers are provided in DSM-1 - Customer Supply
Arrangements. Where circuit breakers are specified, they shall be of the current
limiting type.
10.1.1
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on whether the transformer is protected by a drop out fuse or RMU fuse switch.
(DSM-1-02, DSM-1-03, DSM-1-04).
Where a customer is supplied from a District Substation and the magnitude of
the load is such that the customers main switch cannot grade with the maximum
size LV fuse which can be used with the transformer, the customer shall be
supplied either via LV links or LV disconnects. In such case, the customers
switchboard shall be contiguous with the substation. (DSM-1-05, DSM-1-06).
Where a customer is supplied from a Sole Use Substation and consumers
mains is connected directly on to the low voltage bushing of the transformer with
no protection, the customers main switchboard shall be contiguous with the
substation, to limit the amount of unprotected cable that may be exposed to
damage. (DSM-1-07, DSM-1-08, DSM-1-09).
Where the requirement for a contiguous customer switchboard exists as per
above and where:
10.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
Cables
Cables to be used in substation installations shall:
10.2.1
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Have safe separation clearance from other cables and services; and
f)
Have appropriate mechanical protection when laid below ground and when
located above ground, up to a height of 2400 mm from any surface on
which a person can stand to the point where the cable enters the ground.
Cable sizes
Standard cable sizes used are given in Table 3.
Table 3: - Standard Cable Sizes
LV
22 kV
33 kV
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10.2.3
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11
EARTHING REQUIREMENTS
11.1
b)
Hazardous touch, step and transfer voltages that can occur during fault
conditions are mitigated;
c)
d)
11.2
a)
b)
c)
Corrosion is minimised.
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11.2.1
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
In MPS and non MPS substations, the MV and LV earth bars are permanently
connected (factory fitted) by a link. This allows the MV and LV earths to be
separated if required. Also, on the LV side, the neutral bar and earth bar are
connected by a solid link.
11.2.2
70 mm2
150 mm2
or 2 x 70 mm2
3 x 70 mm2
2 x 150 mm2
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or 4 x 70 mm2
Determine size as per
AS 2067:2008
The grading ring shall be connected to the earth terminal bar by two separate
PVC Insulated conductors sized in accordance with Table 4. Size of grading ring
conductor shall be as per Table 5.
Table 5: - Size of Grading Ring Conductor
Expected Earth Fault
Current (MV or LV) at
Substation during
Substation Life
12 kA for 1 sec
70 mm2
150 mm2
11.2.3
or 2 x 70 mm2
2 x 150 mm2
or 4 x 70 mm2
Determine size as per
AS 2067:2008
11.3
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The transformer insulation level shall be rated to withstand the maximum EPR on
the MV earthing system, without breaking down to the LV side (e.g. via MV/LV
winding breakdown, or transformer tank to LV winding breakdown).
When the LV earthing system is segregated from the MV earthing system at a
distribution substation, the total earth impedance of the LV earthing system
(including associated MEN earths) shall be sufficiently low to ensure that the MV
feeder protection will operate in the event of a MV winding to LV winding fault.
11.4
11.4.1
Earth Electrodes
Copper clad steel rods (15 mm diameter, 1.4 m length) are used as standard on
the Horizon Power network for earthing. The rod is driven so that its top is
200 mm below surface level which provides adequate protective cover rod and
the cable connected to it and to minimise the effect of seasonal variation in the
upper layers of soil.
When joining earth electrodes vertically by driving earth electrodes into the
ground, the electrodes must be installed in drilled holes or mechanically driven to
minimise vibration and ensure good electrode to ground contact. Electrodes
must never be cut.
In rocky areas, driving earth rods mechanically may cause them to break. In
such cases bored earths shall be installed by boring a hole in the ground to the
required depth. Earth rods are then lowered into the hole and backfilled with a
suitable earthing enhancing material (e.g., gypsum). When joining electrodes
with couplings proper electrical connectivity shall be maintained by suitable
means such as scratch brushing and greasing.
More details about earthing electrode installation can be found in the Distribution
Line Earthing Standard: HPC-9DC-08-0001-2012.
11.4.2
Earth Connectors
a)
b)
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11.5
c)
d)
All services including water, sanitary drainage and gas shall maintain a
minimum separation and exclusion zone of 500 mm around LV earth
electrodes. This zone shall be extended to 600 mm for stormwater
drainage services. (WADCM Clause 12.5.5.3.)
11.6
MEN systems where there is a small number of MEN connections (i.e. less
than 100 interconnected neutrals within a circular radius of 1 km);
b)
c)
d)
e)
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12
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13
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
13.1
Oil Containment
13.1.1
Indoor Substations
Indoor substations shall have provision for the containment of oil in transformers
by the erection of a suitable bund. A 2-course bund built of 230 x 100 x 76 mm
standard bricks shall suffice.
Other proven oil containment / absorption options such as using hydrocarbon
absorbents are acceptable, although oil bunds have been Horizon Powers
standard practice.
All probable oil leakage points including cable entry points shall be suitably
sealed to prevent oil leakage.
13.1.2
13.2
Noise
13.2.1
Noise Regulations
Noise limits are generally set by the Department of Environment and
Conservation (DEC) in Western Australia through Environmental Protection
(Noise) Regulations 1997.
The Noise Regulations define Noise Sensitive Premises as:
a)
b)
Rural premises
c)
d)
e)
f)
Educational institutions;
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
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The noise level limits for Noise Sensitive Premises are given in Table 6.
Table 6 Noise Level Limits for Noise Sensitive Premises
Location of Substation
Major Road (more than 15,000 vehicles per day) within 100 m of Noise
Sensitive Premises = 6 dB
2.
Major Road (more than 15,000 vehicles per day) beyond 100 m of Noise
Sensitive Premises = 2 dB
3.
Secondary Road (6,000 - 15,000 vehicles per day) within 100 m of Noise
Sensitive Premises = 2 dB
4.
Secondary Road (6,000 - 15,000 vehicles per day) beyond 100 m of Noise
Sensitive Premises = 1 dB
5.
Road
beyond
450
from
noise
Transformer Capacity
1000 kVA
65 dB
630 kVA
63 dB
315 kVA
58.5 dB
200 kVA
56 dB
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13.2.2
b)
b)
c)
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14
REVISION INFORMATION
(Informative) Horizon Power has endeavoured to provide standards of the
highest quality and would appreciate notification if any errors are found or even
any queries raised.
Each Standard makes use of its own comment sheet which is maintain
throughout the life of the standard, which lists all comments made by
stakeholders regarding the standard.
The following comment sheet DM: 3553660 can be used to record any errors or
queries found in or pertaining to this standard, which will then be addressed
whenever the standard gets reviewed.
Date
15/04/2013
Rev No.
0
Notes
Original Issue
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