-

in nouns

Modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the
end of the noun changes according to the position of the word in the sentence). [

non-modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element
(denoting the end of the) word assumes one eternal/unchangeable form. [

In respect to nouns, all are

except the following:

i.e. taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:

i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:

The

in three areas within

which are not present/clear, but are therefore

assumed/hypothetical. [

An

where the last letter is an

, i.e.
]

[.

An

where the last letter is a

and the letter before it is

, i.e.
]

[.

Note the condition of the

without the

:
-

An

where the

of the last letter is the

, and the letter before it is

Any

which follows completely the

of what has just preceded it. Of this there are 4 types:

11

11

12

in verbs.
and
and

13

are both

then it becomes

is

i.e.

(from

unless it has
).

14

15

For

i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:

there are 3; taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:

16

The

here is not present/clear, but is therefore assumed/hypothetical.

following

in

It is being
written

In

, the
-

If the

is always dropped and the

is
is a

despite the transformation of

formats in substitute of the

He is
writing

It was written

takes its place and becomes

to

. This is because

is

, apply same (harakah changes) rules as above, and simply change the

He wrote

with necessary harakah changes.

i.e.

17

.
, to its equivalent

18

19

21

21

Expresses the place/time the action of the verb is committed.

The plural form is

describes the instrument with which the action of the verb is carried out.

formed by adding

to a noun. Denotes that a person/thing governed is related/connected with the

original noun. If a noun has ending, this must be dropped before adding

If a noun ends in

22

, this is changed to before ending.

- either/or. Four conditions of usage. Note, the second

23

of the pair is always preceded by :

- definition indicating a precise noun

24

- in-definition indicates an indefinite noun -

- both (of), the two -

- That is. Used for

25

only

there he is !

- starts with an

- starts with a

here I am !

- constituted by

- constituted by

- derived noun indicating action of verb or its behaviour [(he is) writing]
- derived noun indicating element undergoing action of verb -

[written] -

26

27

If you have 2

in a

- if, whether, when, whenever.

28

, then the 1st is a

and the 2nd is a

. If positions change then the

embodying a condition. Used mostly with

changes:

, transforming in meaning to the future.

Also used with

. It is permissible for the answer to the condition (

must be prefixed by

) to be

in the following situations:

(defective)

The

29

will not be

if preceded by

. However, the

for it will be

31

not;

- he did not eat; he has not eaten

when, at the time when, as

31

no! dont!

32

- dont eat!

until, till, up to, as far as, to

so that, in order that, that, in order to, to, as, with a view, for

- calling to one who is mourned or to a cause of pain

- one who is mourned, stricken to death.
- to distress, afflict, pain, agonise, torment, make suffer

- the cause of pain, the place where disease and

suffering are located.

33

pain, ache, suffering, agony, anguish

show him your notebook

- to show, present, bring out.

34

show me your book

- It is permissable to

for the following

conjugations, so long as it is not followed by sukoon ( ):

perhaps, maybe
to hope (for), wish, to look forward to
fear, fright, worry, anxiety, concern, care

35

36

37

Important: These notes cover the Introduction (page 3) upto and including Chapter Sixteen (page 149) of the book
((Lessons in Arabic Grammer for non-speakers)).

X
38

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