ICS 01-11-22-28.

180

NRS 030:2001

ISBN 0626-13390-4

Second edition

Rationalized User Specification

ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

Inductive voltage transformers for rated

a.c. voltages from 3,6 kv up to and
including 145 kv for indoor and outdoor
applications

Preferred requirements for applications in

the Electricity Supply Industry

This Rationalized User Specification is

issued by the NRS Project
on behalf of the
User Group given in the foreword
and is not a standard as contemplated in the Standards Act, 1993 (Act 29 of 1993).

Rationalized user specifications allow user

organizations to define the performance and quality
requirements of relevant equipment.
Rationalized user specifications may, after a certain
application period, be introduced as national standards.

Amendments issued since publication

Amdt No.
Date
Text affected

Correspondence to be directed to

Printed copies obtainable from

South African Bureau of Standards

(Electrotechnical Standards)
Private Bag X191
Pretoria 0001

South African Bureau of Standards

Private Bag X191
Pretoria 0001
Telephone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Website:

(012) 428-7911
(012) 344-1568
sales@sabs.co.za
http://www.sabs.co.za

COPYRIGHT RESERVED
Printed on behalf of the NRS Project in the Republic of South Africa
by the South African Bureau of Standards
1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, Pretoria

NRS 030:2001

Contents
Page
Foreword ...............................................................................................................

Introduction ...........................................................................................................

Key words .............................................................................................................

1 Scope ...............................................................................................................

2 Normative references ..........................................................................................

3 Definitions and abbreviation ................................................................................

4 Requirements .....................................................................................................

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8

General requirements .................................................................................. 7

Design Details ............................................................................................. 9
Construction requirements ........................................................................... 11
Primary terminals ........................................................................................ 13
Earthing terminals ........................................................................................ 14
Rating plates and diagram plates ................................................................... 14
Drawings and instruction manual .................................................................. 15
Spare fuses ................................................................................................ 17

5 Tests
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

Type tests ................................................................................................... 18

Routine tests ............................................................................................... 19
Special tests ............................................................................................... 22
Tests certificates .... ..................................... 26

6 Marking, labelling and packaging

Annexes
A (informative) Notes on system neutral earthing ......................................................

27

B (informative) Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry ...................................

29

C (informative) Model form for schedules A and B ...................................................

31

Bibliography ..........................................................................................................

37

NRS 030:2001

Foreword
This specification has been prepared on behalf of the Electricity Suppliers Liaison Committee
(ESLC) and approved by it for use by supply authorities.This specification is based on
SABS IEC 60044-2:1997.
This specification was prepared by a Working Group which, at the time of publication, comprised the
following members:
Dr F Mariani (Chairman)
M J Hyde
J P Boshoff
A J Claasen
C B Clark
D G Duncan
B de Jager
J A Ehrich
F M Lukacsovics
V Sewchand (Project Leader)
M T Outram
H Smit

City Power, Johannesburg

Cape Town Electricity Department
Eskom Transmission
SABS
Distribution Technology, Eskom
Ron Slatem Associates
Mangaung Electricity
Tshwane Electricity
eThekwini Metropolitan Electricity
NRS Project
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality
Observer

A Manufacturers Interest Group (MIG) structured through the Electrical Engineering and Allied
Industries Association (EEAIA) was consulted on the contents of this specification and its comments
were incorporated where the working group was in agreement. The MIG comprised the following
members:
M Barbolini
A Calvino
K Gilbert
R Constable
P Goulooze
E S Mokholo
B Scholtz
B Warburton
A Wolmarans

Transformer Manufacturers
ETC
GEC Alsthom
HTSA
Conelectric
ABB Powertech
Current Electric
Instruform
XAMAX

The Working Group was appointed by the ESLC, which, at the time of approval, comprised the
following members:
R Wienand (Chairman)
M N Bailey
A J Claasen
N Croucher
P Crowdy
W G H Dykman
A H L Fortmann
P A Johnson
J G Louw
D Michie
A J van der Merwe
J S van Heerden
P van Niekerk

eThekwini Metropolitan Council, AMEU

Eskom Distribution Technology
Electrotechnical Engineering Standards, SABS
City of Cape Town, AMEU
Eskom Distribution Technology
City of Tshwane, AMEU
eKurhuleni, AMEU
Eskom Technology Standardization
City of Cape Town (Tygerberg Administration)
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Electricity, AMEU
Mangaung Electricity, AMEU
SABS NEFTA
City Power Johannesburg, AMEU
ISBN 0626-13390-4

NRS 030:2001

Annexes A to C are for information only.

Recommendations for corrections, additions or deletions should be addressed to the NRS Project
Manager, c/o SABS, Private Bag X191, Pretoria, 0001.

Introduction
This specification was prepared to establish and promote uniform requirements for inductive voltage
transformers for rated a.c. voltages from 3,6 kV up to and including 145 kV, for use with electrical
measuring instruments, electrical protection devices, or both. This specification is intended to enable
purchasers to acquire the specified equipment without the need for detailed and extensive contract
documents.
The ESLC expresses the wish that, in the national interest and in support of government policy to
foster local manufacture and to stimulate export, all purchasers adopt the requirements of this
specification insofar as their particular conditions will allow. Any differences between this
specification and the corresponding purchasers requirements should, as far as possible, be clearly
indicated in schedules A and B attached to this specification and where appropriate, be submitted
for consideration in future revision thereof.

Key words
Voltage transformers; Inductive; Measuring; Protection.

NRS 030:2001

This page intentionally left blank

NRS 030:2001

SPECIFICATION
Inductive voltage transformers for rated a.c. voltages from 3,6 kV up to
and including 145 kV for indoor and outdoor applications
Preferred requirements for applications in the Electricity Supply Industry
1 Scope
This specification is based on SABS IEC 60044-2 for single-phase voltage transformers and
BS 7729 for three-phase voltage transformers and covers the requirements for inductive voltage
transformers for rated a.c. voltages from 3,6 kV up to and including 145 kV for indoor and outdoor
applications, for use with electrical measuring instruments and electrical protection devices, or both,
at a service frequency of 50 Hz.

2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in the text, constitute provisions
of NRS 030. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards and
specifications are subject to revision, and parties to purchase agreements based on NRS 030 are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed
below. Information on currently valid national and international standards and specifications can be
obtained from the South African Bureau of Standards.
IEC 60060-2:1994, High voltage test techniques Part 2: Measuring systems.
IEC 60269-2:1986, Low voltage fuses Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application).
IEC 60270:1981, Partial discharge measurements.
IEC 60282-1:1994, High voltage fuses Part 1: Current limiting fuses.
(Amendment No. 1, 1996)
IEC 60296:1982, Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear.
(Amendment No. 1, 1986)
IEC 60376:1971, Specification and acceptance for new sulphur hexafluoride.
BS 1872: 1984, Specification for electroplated coatings of tin.
BS 7729: 1994, Instrument transformers: Three-phase voltage transformers for voltage level
having Um up to 52kV.
SABS EN 10240:1997, Internal and/or external protective coatings for steel tubes Specification
for hot-dipped galvanised coatings applied in automatic plants.
SABS IEC 60044-2:1997, Instrument Transformers Part 2: Inductive voltage transformers.

NRS 030:2001

SABS IEC 60298:1990, A.C. metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above
1 kV and up to and including 52 kV.
SABS IEC 60529: 1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code).
SABS IEC 60694: 1996, Common specifications for high-voltage switch-gear and control gear
standards.
SABS ISO 1461: 2000, Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles
Specification and test methods.
SABS 156:1977, Moulded-case circuit-breakers.
SABS 555:1985, Mineral insulating oil for transformers and switchgear (uninhibited).
SABS 1885:2001, Metal-clad switch-gear for rated a.c. voltages above 1kV and up to and including
36kV Part 1: General requirements and methods of test.

3 Definitions and abbreviation

3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this specification, the definitions given in SABS IEC 60044-2 and the following
definitions apply:
NOTE The terms used in this specification are generally consistent with the definitions given in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). Where the terms are directly extracted from IEV or other sources, this is indicated.

3.1.1 approved (approval): Approved in writing by the purchaser.

3.1.2 creepage distance: The shortest distance, along the surface of the insulating material
between two conductive parts. [IEV 151-03-37]
3.1.3 discrimination (in protection): The ability of protective devices to disconnect only that
section of a power system upon which a fault has occurred.
3.1.4 residual voltage winding: The winding of a transformer between the terminals of which is
produced the residual voltage or one of the three component voltages which when added together
constitute the residual voltage. [IEV 321-03-11]
NOTE: For single-phase voltage transformers used in a three-phase system, refer to IEC 60044-2, paragraph 2.2.

3.1.5 valid test certificates: A certified copy of the original test certificate of a test conducted by
approved testing authority.
3.1.6 special tests: Tests to be performed on request from the customer.

3.2 Abbreviation
For the purposes of this specification the following abbreviation apply:
3.2.1 MCB: miniature circuit breaker

NRS 030:2001

4 Requirements
4.1 General requirements
a) Unless otherwise specified in schedule A, the following standard service conditions apply:
1) ambient air temperature: 10 C to 40 C;
2) altitude: not exceeding 1 800 m;
3) average humidity: not exceeding 95 %;
4) wind pressure: not exceeding 700 Pa (equivalent to 34 m/s).
5) level of atmospheric pollution: heavy; and
6) special conditions as specified in schedule A.
For voltage transformers that are intended for service at altitude exceeding the altitudes at which the
type tests and routine tests had been conducted or are to be conducted, corrections shall be applied
in accordance with SABS IEC 60044-2 and BS 7729.
b) The following will be specified in schedule A: whether the voltage transformer is required either
indoors or outdoors; whether it is required for measuring or protection applications; the rated
burden, at the rated accuracy class; the nominal system phase-to-phase voltage (Un) or phase-toneutral voltage; the maximum r.m.s. phase-to-phase equipment voltage (Um); the number of phases;
the nominal supply frequency; the method of system earthing; single-phase or three-phase
transformer; symmetrical three-phase fault current and other relevant details.
If so specified in schedule A, the voltage transformer shall be provided with a power winding that
complies with the voltage rating and the continuous current rating specified in schedule A.
c) The name of the manufacturer, the type reference of the voltage transformer offered, and all
other information required shall be stated in schedule B.
NOTE For Schedules A and B, see annex B2.

4.1.1 Creepage distance

The standard creepage distance between phase and earth shall be the heavy pollution level in
accordance with table 8 of SABS IEC 60044-2 i.e. 25 mm/kV of the highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase
voltage Um for equipment. Where other pollution conditions are specified in schedule A, the
creepage distance shall be as specified in table 8 of SABS IEC 60044-2, and shall be stated in
schedule B.

4.1.2 Insulation levels

4.1.2.1 The rated insulation levels of the voltage transformers, shall comply with Table 1.
4.1.2.2 The voltage transformers shall be suitable for operation on a system that has a basic
insulation level (BIL) as specified in schedule A.

NRS 030:2001

Table 1 Standard voltages and insulation levels of voltage transformers

1

Highest r.m.s.
voltage for
equipment Um

Nominal system r.m.s.

phase-to-phase
voltage Un

Rated lightning impulse

peak

Rated short-time powerfrequency r.m.s.

withstand voltage (see
IEC 60044-2)

withstand voltage

kV

kV

kV

kV

3,6

3,3

45

16

7,2

6,6

75

22

12

11

95

28

22

150

50

24
36

33

200

70

52

44

250

95

72,5

66

350

140

100

88

450

185

145

132

650

275

4.1.3 General requirements for insulation materials

Insulation materials shall withstand the conditions of service in normal use. Only service experience
or adequate approved tests shall be the basis for assigning rational temperature limits for the
insulation.
Where new materials and new systems are involved, appropriate functional tests shall be the basis
for the selection. Details of the insulation materials shall be stated in schedule B.
NOTE For guidance on the use of recognized systems of thermal classes of electrical insulation, and the procedures for
evaluation of new insulation systems see IEC 60085.

4.1.4 Oil-insulated voltage transformers

4.1.4.1 The oil used in voltage transformers shall comply with SABS 555, or with IEC 60296, with
the requirement that at the moment of the initial filling the moisture in the oil shall not exceed
10 mg/kg.
4.1.4.2 The oil shall be new (virgin), shall have no additives and shall have a naphthenic base.
Details of the type of oil shall be stated in schedule B.
4.1.4.3 The oil shall be certified to contain no Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) i.e. zero count.
4.1.4.4 The quantity of oil shall be stated in schedule B.
4.1.4.5 Oil insulated voltage transformers shall be hermetically sealed.
4.1.4.6 The method used to allow for the expansion of the insulating oil shall be submitted for
approval and if bellows are used they shall be of stainless steel.
4.1.4.7 All gasket joints shall be below the minimum oil level and shall not leak oil when the
transformer is tested in accordance with 5.2.5 and shall remain so under normal operating service
conditions for the duration of the expected service life.
NOTE Where the manufacturers design requires specially designed gasketted joints to be above the oil level, machined
surfaces and O-rings shall be used. Details of such shall be submitted for approval.

NRS 030:2001

4.1.4.8 Facilities for oil filling, draining and sampling shall be provided subject to approval. These
facilities shall be sealed by gasket joints and shall be below the normal operating oil level.
4.1.4.9 Oil-level indicators shall be provided on voltage transformers and shall be so arranged as to
be readable from ground level, with the voltage transformer mounted on its structure as in service.
Dipstick level indicators may be offered for 11 kV and 22 kV voltage transformers. Details of the oillevel indicators shall be submitted for approval.
Oil gauges shall be flush mounted, and shall be securely attached along their entire perimeter, to the
tank or expansion chamber. The sight glasses shall be resistant to ultraviolet light and shall be
protected from accidental damage.
4.1.4.10 If so specified in schedule A, oil sample valves will be provided. Details of the oil sample
valves shall be submitted for approval before manufacture is undertaken.
4.1.4.11 The rating plate shall be marked to indicate the type designation of the oil used to fill the
voltage transformer.

4.1.5 Gas-insulated voltage transformers

4.1.5.1 The voltage transformer shall be clearly labelled to indicate that it is filled with gas
(SF6, etc.) and where applicable, that gas is under pressure.
4.1.5.2 Facilities shall be provided at the base of voltage transformers to allow for filling, evacuating
and topping up of gas.
4.1.5.3 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60376.
4.1.5.4 Where gas is under pressure, permanent gas-density monitoring devices shall be provided
at the base of the voltage transformer. Gas-density monitoring devices shall contain first stage and
second stage alarm signalling contacts, wired to the secondary terminal strips, as well as a visible
indication of the pressure/density in the voltage transformer.
4.1.5.5 The method of sealing of the voltage transformer and any need for gas replenishment shall
be stated by the supplier in schedule B. Refer to SABS IEC 60298 for details of leakage rates and
expected life before replenishment.

4.1.6 Dry type voltage transformers

Dry type voltage transformers shall have resin-encapsulated cores and windings.

4.2 Design details

4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 The voltage transformers shall be capable of operating continuously under the service
conditions stated, without exceeding the temperature limits specified in SABS IEC 60044-2.
NOTE For an explanation of the effectively and non-effectively earthed systems, see annex A.

4.2.1.2 The voltage factor for isolated-neutral voltage transformers shall be at least 1,2 (continuous).
4.2.1.3 The voltage factor for earthed-neutral voltage transformers shall be at least:
a) 1,2 (continuous) for effectively earthed systems, and

NRS 030:2001

10

b) 1,9 (30 s) for non-effectively earthed systems.

4.2.1.4 Where the purchaser requires a higher voltage factor than those specified in 4.2.1.2 and
4.2.1.3, the voltage factor shall be 2,1 for 30 s or continuous for any system, as specified in
schedule A.
NOTE 1 For special cases, where continuous operation with an earth fault can occur, the client must decide on the voltage
factor to be used, and this will be specified in schedule A.
NOTE 2 The standard secondary voltage for utilities in South Africa is 110V (Refer IEC 60044-2 Section 5.1.2(a)) . Where a
voltage other than 110V is required, this will be specified in schedule A.

4.2.2 Accuracy class designation

4.2.2.1 The accuracy class designation required for the voltage transformer shall be as specified in
schedule A in accordance with Tables 11 and 12 of SABS IEC 60044-2.
4.2.2.2 For specific requirements, refer to Table 2 and 3 below:
Table 2 Single phase outdoor post-type voltage transformers with 2 secondary windings
1

Winding
number

Accuracy class

Burden per
phase
VA

Measuring 0,2

Protection

100

3P

100

Table 3 Three phase indoor post-type voltage transformers with 1 secondary winding
1

Winding
number

Accuracy class

Burden per
phase

Voltage factor
and rated time

Type

VA
1

Measuring 0,2

50

Protection 3 P

4 wire 5 limb

1,9 continuous

star point internally earthed

4.2.3 Short-circuit protection

4.2.3.1 When so specified in schedule A, protection against short-circuits will be provided by
means of fuses in the primary winding circuit, and by fuses or MCBs in the secondary winding
circuits.
4.2.3.2 For indoor voltage transformers (VTs), fuses on the primary side shall:
a) comply with the requirements of IEC 60282-1,
b) be capable of safely and effectively interrupting the current resulting from the short-circuit fault
level of the power system as specified in schedule A,
c) preferably be mounted inside the primary bushings with access facility. If fuses are to be
mounted externally, the necessary fuse holders and supports shall be provided and constructed
as part of the voltage transformer. When so specified in schedule A, fuses and attachments will
be suitable for mounting in the enclosure,

11

NRS 030:2001

d) fuse in less than one second for a short-circuit on the primary or secondary winding up to the
outgoing secondary terminals. In addition, the primary fuses shall be so rated that time
discrimination with the secondary fuses or MCBs is possible,
e) have a rating, as stated in schedule B, that takes into account the magnetizing inrush current,
and
f) have interlocking and accessibility according to SABS 1885 (Clause 4.9).
4.2.3.3 Secondary fuses or MCBs shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60269-2 or SABS 156
respectively, and shall also comply with the following requirements:
a) for single-phase VTs , they shall be mounted in the secondary terminal box (see 4.3.3);
b) for single-phase VTs, the fuses or MCBs shall be fitted in the phase conductor and a bolted link
shall be fitted in the neutral conductor;
c) the operation of the fuse or MCB shall occur in less than 1 s for a secondary short-circuit; and
d) the secondary fuses or MCBs shall discriminate with the primary fuses, where the latter are
supplied.
4.2.3.4 The supplier shall state, in schedule B, the calculated primary and secondary short-circuit
currents for a short-circuit on the secondary terminals, assuming zero source impedance.

4.2.4 Interchangeability
All voltage transformers of the same type and rating, from one manufacturer, shall have fully
interchangeable components and shall have an identical electromagnetic performance.

4.3 Constructional requirements

4.3.1 Windings and connections
4.3.1.1 All windings and connections shall be supported to maintain clearances between one
another and to earthed metal under short-circuit conditions and during transportation. The windings
and connections shall be braced to withstand vibration in normal service.
4.3.1.2 All winding insulation shall be treated to ensure that there will be no appreciable shrinkage or
distortion in normal service.
4.3.1.3 Where a residual voltage winding has been specified in schedule A, the primary neutral
point will be brought out to a terminal suitable for earthing and connecting to an earthing conductor
of size suitable for the specified short-circuit primary current.
4.3.1.4 Where tapped windings for providing both rated secondary residual voltages are specified in
schedule A, the connections will be so brought out that an open delta connection can be made for
either secondary residual voltage. In the case of draw-out voltage transformers, the tapping need
not be brought out through plug-in contacts.
4.3.1.5 The connections for the primary, secondary and tertiary windings shall be as specified in
SABS IEC 60044-2.
4.3.1.6 Details of the primary winding neutral (earth) terminal shall be stated in schedule B.

NRS 030:2001

12

4.3.2 Cores
4.3.2.1 The core shall be connected to earth by a direct single-point connection. In the case of oilinsulated voltage transformers, the core may be connected to an earthing terminal inside the voltage
transformer tank.
4.3.2.2 Where a three-phase transformer with a residual voltage output is specified, the core shall
have 5 limbs, as specified in schedule A, to provide an iron path for zero-sequence fluxes.
4.3.2.3 Core lifting arrangements shall be provided for mechanical handling for units where cores
exceed 15 kg. Lifting arrangements shall be so designed that no stress is imposed on the insulation
of any of the cores.
4.3.2.4 Details of the core steel i.e. grade and thickness of lamina shall be stated in schedule B.
4.3.2.5 Details of the B/H (and not the voltage/excitation current) curve of core materials (state
annealed or not annealed, as used by the manufacturer) with all B values up to 2,3 Tesla shall also
be stated in schedule B.

4.3.3 Secondary terminals

4.3.3.1 Unless approved the bushings used for bringing the secondary connections through the tank
into the secondary terminal box shall not be used as the secondary terminals for service
connections.
4.3.3.2 Rail-mounted type secondary terminals shall be either the screw clamp type or the springloaded insertion type.
4.3.3.3 Studs shall have centre distances of not less than 25 mm. If less than 25mm, barriers
interposed at these positions shall be provided. A minimum creepage distance of 13mm shall be
maintained between conducting parts of terminals.
4.3.3.4 Not more than two conductors may be connected to any side of a terminal.

4.3.4 Secondary terminal box

4.3.4.1 A secondary terminal box shall be provided to contain secondary winding fuses or MCBs
when these are specified. For three-phase VTs only, a bolted link shall be provided if specified in
schedule A between the secondary neutral and earth. Details of fuses or MCBs and the earthing
terminal shall be stated in schedule B.
4.3.4.2 The earth end of the high-voltage winding will, unless otherwise specified in schedule A, be
brought out to a terminal in the terminal box, with a link to an earth terminal. The terminal shall be
clearly labelled to indicate that it has to be solidly earthed during service.
4.3.4.3 The secondary terminal box shall be located in an accessible position and shall be provided
with an easily removable (preferably slip-on) weather-proof cover. The cover shall be secured to the
corresponding terminal box.
4.3.4.4 The dimensions of the terminal box shall be stated in schedule B and shall either be:
a)

integrally cast with the voltage transformer case, and approved (see 3.1); or

13
b)

NRS 030:2001

a suitable metal box .

4.3.4.5 The terminal box with the cover fixed in place shall have a degree of protection of at least
IP54 in accordance with SABS IEC 60529.
4.3.4.6 The secondary terminal box shall have an opening, at the bottom, for vertical entry of the
secondary control cables. The opening shall be covered externally by an undrilled, removable gland
plate of brass for a steel box or of aluminium for an aluminium box. Unless otherwise specified in
schedule A, this gland plate, as well as the opening, shall have an effective area of at least 75 mm by
50 mm. This area shall be stated in schedule B. The vertical centre-line of the opening shall project
at least 25 mm beyond any part of the unit beneath the terminal box, to facilitate vertical entry of the
cable.
4.3.4.7 The distance between the bottom terminals and the gland plate shall be at least 75 mm.
4.3.4.8 The terminal box shall be fitted with a breathing vent of diameter at least 10 mm. This vent
shall be situated in the bottom of the box, shall be made of non-corroding material and shall be
designed to prevent the entry of insects.
4.3.4.9 An earth stud shall be provided for earthing inside the terminal box. The earth stud shall be
of diameter at least 6 mm and shall have an external connection to the main earthing system.
4.3.4.10 The beginning and the end of each secondary winding with all secondary taps, if any, shall
be wired to suitable terminals accommodated in the terminal box.
4.3.4.11 For removable VTs, the specified terminal box requirements shall apply to the fixed portion
of the racking system.

4.3.5 Mounting arrangement for outdoor voltage transformers

The mounting arrangement for the complete assembly of an outdoor voltage transformer shall be
such that it can be bolted to a support structure, with bolts arranged on the corners of a square of
dimensions not exceeding those specified in schedule A.

4.3.6 Metal finish

4.3.6.1 Unless otherwise approved, all ferrous parts associated with voltage transformers shall
be hot-dip galvanised in accordance with SABS EN 10240 and SABS ISO 1461 except that the
galvanized layer shall be of thickness at least 90 m. Metal spraying to a thickness of at least of
80 m is also acceptable, if so specified in schedule A. In the case of metal spraying, metallization
shall be followed by a base coat and a top coat of a high quality approved paint.
4.3.6.2 Non-ferrous parts shall be made of corrosion resistant materials.
4.3.6.3 Corrugated tanks are not acceptable.
NOTE Tanks and fittings shall be of such a shape that water cannot collect at any point of the outside surfaces.

4.4 Primary terminals

Primary terminals and their associated parts, mounted on the voltage transformers as in service,
shall be able to withstand the mechanical and sealing tests of 5.3.4 without leakage, distortion,
cracking or other failure. Primary terminals will be of the type specified in schedule A, and details of
the terminals shall be stated in schedule B.

NRS 030:2001

14

Primary terminals and their components shall be of an approved material of adequate conductivity
and suitably corrosion proofed. Non ferrous terminals shall be electro-tinned to comply with,
classification Cu/Sn/12/f of BS 1872 without subsequent heat treatment or machining. Ferrous
terminals shall be galvanized.
Where a threaded stem is specified, it shall be of thread size M16 and shall be supplied with two lock
nuts, two washers, and two nuts, all of the same material as the stem. Where plain cylindrical
terminals are specified, these shall have a terminal length of 125 mm and a diameter of 26 mm.
Only copper terminals may be screwed directly into the bushing head, provided they are positively
secured and that the threaded portion of the latter constitutes a blind hole. In no case shall a
gasketted joint be interposed in a current path.
Terminals may be fabricated integrally with the bushing head. Fabricated terminal arrangements will
be accepted subject to approval (See 3.1), but fabrication that might cause annealing of any yellow
metals used, is not acceptable.
Terminal arrangements for post type, or line to ground, voltage transformers shall be tested
mechanically in accordance with clause 5.3.4. In regard to this test, the design factor of safety shall
be not less than 2.
Terminal orientation will be as specified in schedule A.

4.5 Earthing terminals

The apparatus earthing terminal or clamp arrangement shall be suitable for accommodating a 50 mm
3 mm copper earthing strap.

4.6 Rating plates and diagram plates

4.6.1 Rating plates and diagram plates shall be engraved, or have the information stamped into an
intrinsically corrosion-resistant material and shall be externally mounted. Rating plates and diagram
plates shall be fixed to the main body of the voltage transformer and not to any removable part. The
rating plates and diagram plates shall be so positioned that they may easily be read by personnel
without their lives being endangered.
The information to be displayed shall be as specified in SABS IEC 60044-2, except that the
SABS IEC number shall be replaced by the number NRS 030:2000. In addition, the rating plate shall
display:
a)

serial number and type designation,

b)

rated voltage factor and corresponding rated time,

c)

manufacturing date(month/year).

If fluid insulated voltage transformers are used, then the fluid type designation (see 4.1.4.11) shall be
displayed. If gas-insulated voltage transformers are used, then the type designation
(see 4.1.5.1) and pressure, shall be displayed.
4.6.2 In the case of voltage transformers built into circuit-breakers, each circuit-breaker shall be
provided with a rating plate and a diagram plate giving the ratings, polarity, terminal markings and the
connections of the voltage transformer windings with respect to the circuit-breaker terminals and
mechanism box.
4.6.3 Diagram plates shall show the terminal markings and the relative physical arrangement of the
voltage transformer secondary windings with respect to the primary terminals.
4.6.4 Anodized aluminium shall not be used.

15

NRS 030:2001

4.6.5 The material of, and the method of fixing the plates, shall be stated in schedule B.

4.7 Drawings and instruction manuals

Both paper and electronic formats are acceptable.
If electronic data and software are required by the purchaser, this will be as specified in schedule A.

4.7.1 Tender drawings and literature

In response to a tender, the following drawings and literature where applicable, shall be submitted.
4.7.1.1 For each winding of the voltage transformer:
a) the B/H (and not the voltage/excitation current) curve of core materials (state annealed or not
annealed, as used by the manufacturer) with all B values up to 2,3 Tesla;
b) the resistance of the secondary winding at 75 C for the lowest and the highest ratio; and
c) if so specified in schedule A, the core steel details.
4.7.1.2 For each type of voltage transformer and specified voltage:
a) typical outline, general arrangement and dimensioned drawings, which should include the
following:
1)

Mounting details;

2)

Primary terminal markings;

3)

Overall height;

4)

Maximum width;

5)

All other leading dimensions;

6)

Position of the earthing terminal;

7)

Height of the gland plate in the secondary terminal box above the base, and the distance of
its centre-line from the centre-line of the voltage transformer (see also 4.3.4.6);

8)

The dimensions of the primary terminals; and

9)

The mass of the complete voltage transformer, including oil, when applicable (also to be
stated in schedule B).

b) Sectional arrangement drawing, which should show the following details:

1)

Relative position of the cores;

2)

Primary terminal markings and primary insulation;

3)

Sectional drawings of the bushings and fuses (if the HV fuses are placed within the
bushings);

NRS 030:2001

16

4)

Full details of test performed on proposed fuses;

5)

Details of gasket joints;

6)

Oil-sealing or gas-sealing arrangements;

7)

In the case of oil-insulated voltage transformers, the method used to accommodate

expansion and contraction of the insulating oil (see also 4.1.4.6); and

8)

Pressure relief devices (if any).

c) Details of the secondary terminal box, which may either be shown on the general arrangement
drawing or on a separate drawing. This should detail the following:
1)

The cover and the method of fixing the cover and the gland plates;

2)

Secondary terminals, their arrangement and clearance, creepage barriers and markings;
and

3)

Venting and draining arrangements.

d) Sectional drawing of the bushing shed profile.

e) A descriptive pamphlet and instruction book.

4.7.2 Contract drawings

Drawings of the quality, type and size specified in the conditions of contract shall be submitted in
duplicate, for approval.
4.7.2.1 The following drawings and diagrams shall be supplied for post-type voltage transformers:
a) an outline dimension, mounting detail, main terminal and clamp drawing. This drawing shall show
the main terminal markings so that the physical arrangement can be correlated with the desired
electrical schematic arrangement;
b) a drawing giving details of secondary terminal boxes, covers, cover screws and gland plates,
showing the physical arrangement of the secondary terminals and the secondary earthing
terminals, protection devices, barriers, etc. The secondary terminal markings shall be shown on
this drawing;
c) the rating and diagram plate detail drawings showing the technical performance and connection
data which will actually appear on these plates;
d) in the case of a cascade connected VT, a drawing showing the schematic connections of cores
and windings; and
e) the excitation curve.
4.7.2.2 The following drawings and diagrams shall be provided for three-phase voltage transformers
as well as units built into circuit-breakers:
a) a connection diagram showing the terminal markings, ratios, relative polarity and physical
arrangement of the voltage transformer windings with respect to one another, the primary
terminal markings and the circuit-breaker mechanism box. This information may be included on
the circuit-breaker connection diagram, or may take the form of the final diagram plate;

17

NRS 030:2001

b) a drawing giving details of secondary terminal boxes, covers, cover screws and gland plates,
showing the physical arrangement of secondary terminals and secondary earthing terminals,
barriers etc. The secondary terminal markings shall be shown on this drawing; and
c) the rating plate and the diagram plate detail showing the technical performance and connection
data which will actually appear on these plates.

4.7.3 Descriptive pamphlets and instruction books

a)

Unless otherwise specified in schedule A, three sets of descriptive pamphlets and instruction
books covering the equipment offered will be supplied at the purchasers address as soon as
possible, but not later than the delivery date. A complete set of test certificates, as specified in
5.4.1 and 5.4.2, shall be included in each instruction book.

b)

One additional set per order shall be supplied to each delivery site.

c)

The instruction books shall include details of the recommended maintenance, inspection and oilsampling procedures during the life of the equipment together with the necessary sectional and
other sketches of oil-sampling devices provided.

4.8 Spare fuses

Spare fuses will be provided, as specified in schedule A.

5 Tests
NOTE The tests are classified as type tests, routine tests and special tests as follows:

Type tests:
a) temperature rise test;
b) short-circuit withstand capability test;
c) excitation curve;
d) impulse test on primary winding;
e) wet test for outdoor type transformers; and
f) radio interference voltage.
Routine tests:
a) verification of terminal markings;
b) high-voltage power-frequency dry withstand tests;
c) accuracy test;
d) test for effectiveness of sealing;
e) dielectric dissipation factor test (tangent delta);

NRS 030:2001

18

f) partial discharge test; and

g) winding resistance measurements.
Special tests:
a) chopped impulse test on primary winding;
b) switching impulse test;
c) dielectric dissipation factor test (tangent delta) at ambient temperature and 90C;
d) mechanical strength and sealing test on primary terminals; and
e) long duration voltage test.

5.1 Type tests

5.1.1 General
5.1.1.1 Unless valid (see 3.6) and approved (see 3.1) type test certificates for all type tests
specified in SABS IEC 60044-2 and in schedule A, are available, carry out type tests on one fully
assembled voltage transformer of each type and rating at an approved test facility stated in
schedule B, the certificates of which shall be included in the test reports. Type tests shall be followed
by the routine tests.
5.1.1.2 Test voltages shall be in accordance with the insulation levels specified in table 1.
NOTE For details of system neutral earthing conditions, see annex A.

5.1.2 Temperature rise test

The temperature rise test shall be performed in accordance with SABS IEC 60044-2 with the test
voltage applied as per table 1.

5.1.3 Short-circuit withstand capability test

The short-circuit withstand test shall be performed in accordance with SABS IEC 60044-2 but use an
applied test voltage of 1,2 Um where Um is the highest r.m.s voltage. The primary and secondary
short-circuit currents shall be measured and the results recorded.

5.1.4 Excitation curve

An excitation curve shall be produced, covering a primary voltage range from zero up to and
including at least that point where an increase of 10 % in voltage results in an increase of 100 % in
current. The results shall be given in tabulated form and graphical form. The knee-point being
defined as an increase of 10 % in voltage resulting in an increase of 50 % in current, shall be clearly
marked on the curves and the saturated and unsaturated region shall be accurately depicted, stating
also whether the core is annealed or not.
For voltage transformers having a voltage factor of 2,1 the curve shall confirm that the requirements
of 4.2.1.4 are met.

5.1.5 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test

The requirements of SABS IEC 60694 shall apply.

19

NRS 030:2001

The test voltage Ut shall be corrected for the effect of the relative air density during the test in
accordance with:
Ut =

1. 18 Rad Um

where
Rad

is the relative air density; and

Um

is the highest r.m.s. voltage for equipment.

The test report covering the RIV test shall contain full details of the temperature, barometric pressure,
correction factor applied, RIV test value and the humidity, although no correction for humidity shall
be applied.
The value of the radio interference voltage shall not exceed 500 V.

5.2 Routine tests

5.2.1 General
All voltage transformers shall undergo routine tests at the manufacturers works to prove compliance
with this specification. The tests shall be performed on each fully assembled voltage transformer
ready for despatch.

5.2.2 Verification of the terminal markings

Each voltage transformer shall have terminal markings in accordance with all relative sections of
SABS IEC 60044-2.

5.2.3 High-voltage Power-frequency dry withstand test

The power-frequency dry withstand test shall be performed:
a) on primary windings in accordance with clause 9.2 of SABS IEC 60044-2 but at the withstand
voltage given in table 1 of this specification; and
b) on secondary windings in accordance with clause 9.3 of SABS IEC 60044-2. For a higher
voltage requirement (e.g.4,5 kV), this will be specified in Schedule A .

5.2.4 Accuracy test

Each secondary winding of a voltage transformer shall be tested for accuracy in accordance with
SABS IEC 60044-2.

5.2.5 Test for effectiveness of sealing

5.2.5.1 This test shall be performed concurrently with 5.3.4 when required.
5.2.5.2 Oil-insulated voltage transformers
A test pressure shall be applied for a period of 12 h, to each voltage transformer, filled with oil to at
least the normal level and with all sealed fittings in place, but, where necessary, with pressure limiting
devices blocked or removed. Ensure that the test pressure measured at the top of the voltage

NRS 030:2001

20

transformer is at least 70 kPa or twice the maximum operating pressure at an ambient air
temperature of 40 oC, whichever is the greater. Check for compliance with 4.1.4.7.
5.2.5.3 Gas-insulated voltage transformers
The rate of gas leakage shall be determined in accordance with the voltage transformer
manufacturers approved method.
It must be ensured that each individual SF6 gas-filled compartment is leak-tested after sealing and
that the rate of gas leakage is such as to confirm compliance with 4.1.5.5.

5.2.6 Dielectric dissipation factor test (tangent delta)

This test shall be performed after the power-frequency test and it applies only to liquid immersed
insulation units having Um 72,5 kV. The test shall be performed at ambient temperature which shall
be recorded. Raise the voltage, applied between primary terminal and the earth screen terminal, to
120 % of Um and, while the voltage is being raised, record tangent delta measurements at voltages of
5 %, 15 %, 30 %, 60 %, 75 %, 100 % and 120 % of Um. Then reduce the voltage to zero and, while
the voltage is being reduced, record the tangent delta measurements at the identical voltages used
previously.
During both excursions, record tangent delta values at 10 kV. The voltage transformer is deemed to
have passed the test when the tangent delta readings at the same voltage, during both excursions,
are not different by more than 0,5 % and the difference, in absolute value, between the reading at
the voltage of 120 % Um and that at the voltage of 5 % of Um is not more than 0,1 %.
NOTE: Should this test be required for units less than 72,5 kV, then primary terminals shall be bonded together and the
method of testing shall be as above for three-phase units.

5.2.7 Partial discharge test

After all dielectric tests have been completed, partial discharge tests shall be performed on voltage
transformers with Um 7,2 kV to demonstrate that the magnitude q in picocoulombs of the
discharge, does not exceed that permitted at the specified measuring voltage Us in Table 4.
5.2.7.1 Condition of voltage transformers.
In addition to the requirements of 6.2 of IEC 60270, the voltage transformers shall be fully assembled
in the service condition, prior to testing.
5.2.7.2 Methods
The methods used shall be those specified in IEC 60270.
5.2.7.3 Test circuit and instrumentation
For test circuit and instrumentation, refer to clause 9.2.4 of SABS IEC 60044-2.
5.2.7.4 Sensitivity of measurement
The level of disturbance (i.e. background level of external discharge) shall not exceed half the value
of the maximum permissible partial discharge level, except when test procedure 2 (refer to table 4) is
followed for which this level shall not exceed 1 pC. The sensitivity of the test apparatus shall be less
than 1 pC. Both the disturbance level and the sensitivity level shall be measured and recorded.

21

NRS 030:2001

5.2.7.5 Test procedure and measurement

The test shall be performed by means of one of the two test procedures for dry-type units and one
test procedure for fluid immersed units. For dry-type units, the manufacturer may choose either
procedure 1 or procedure 2, unless otherwise specified in schedule A
Test procedure 1 (Applicable to both fluid and dry-type units):
A voltage applied between primary terminals, and corresponding to the requirements of
IEC 60060-2, shall be raised to the pre-stress value Up (refer table 4).
During this excursion the partial discharge inception voltage, Ui as defined in IEC 60270, shall be
noted and recorded; thereafter the applied voltage shall be increased in steps of 0,1 Up until Up is
reached.
While the voltage is being raised from Ui to Up the partial discharge measurements shall be taken at
each step.
The Up voltage shall be maintained for the specified duration (refer table 4), then reduced to zero
and partial discharge measurements shall be taken at the identical previous voltage steps until the
extinction voltage, Ue as defined in IEC 60270, is reached and recorded. The extinction voltage shall,
in no case, be less than 1,1 Um .
During the return excursion, the partial discharge measurement at Us kept for the specified duration,
shall be taken and shall not be greater than the maximum permissible value reflected in table 4.
Test procedure 2 (Applicable to dry-type units only):
A voltage applied between primary terminals, and corresponding to the requirements of
IEC 60060-2, shall be raised to the pre-stressed value Up and maintained there for the specified
minimum duration (refer table 4), during which partial discharge level shall be noted and recorded.
During this excursion the inception voltage UI shall be noted and recorded. The voltage shall then be
reduced to the measuring voltage Us and kept there for the required duration, during which time the
measured partial discharge shall not exceed the maximum permissible value. Afterwards the voltage
shall be reduced to zero during which the extinction voltage Ue shall be noted and recorded. In no
case, shall Ue be less than 1,1( 2

3 )Um .

NOTE The partial discharge may be determined at the same time as that for the sixty second power-frequency dry withstand
test, since the pre-stress voltage Up is equal to Ut whilst both are maintained for 60 s.

Table 4 Partial discharge test levels for voltage transformers

1

Type of main
insulation

Test
procedure

7
Maximum
permissible
partial
discharge q
above the
background
level

Pre-stress
voltage

Minimum
duration of

Measuring
voltage

Minimum
duration
of

Up

Up

Us

Us

kV

kV

Powerfrequency
voltage as
per table 1

60

1,3 Um

60

10

60

10

180

pC
Fluid (for example,
oil/gas)

Dry(for example,

cast resin)

5.2.8 Winding resistance measurements

(
1,2(

)
3 )U

60

1,5 2

3 Um

60

NRS 030:2001

22

The resistance shall be measured at ambient temperature of each primary and secondary winding,
then the values, in ohms and corrected to 75 C, shall be recorded in the routine test certificates.

5.3 Special tests

Where so specified in schedule A, special tests will be performed and may be specified as type
tests or routine tests. The special tests can be required during the tender adjudication, during the
manufacturing process or prior to the installation of the VT.
NOTE Valid test certificates, if available for identical voltage transformers, may be accepted in lieu of the special tests.

5.3.1 Chopped impulse test

Routine tests shall be performed and recorded before and after the chopped impulse test.
5.3.1.1 The outdoor voltage transformers rated at Um 72,5 kV for fluid-type units and Um 7,2 kV
for dry-type units shall withstand 600 or 100 consecutive chopped impulse voltages preceded and
followed by one full impulse voltage.
The manufacturer may choose either 600 impulses or 100 impulses. The impulse shall comply with
the chopping circuit in figure 1.
For fluid-type units, a dissolved gas analysis (DGA) test is required before, just after and three days
after the completion of the test. The analyses shall be done by an approved laboratory.
Only negative polarity impulses shall be used combined with the negative polarity full lightning
impulse test described below.
The chopping circuit is arranged so that the chopped impulse voltage shall be fixed between 65 %
and 80 % of the peak of the lightning impulse given in table 1, and chopped before the crest. The
amplitude of the first opposite polarity oscillation shall be limited to between 25 % and 50 % of the
chopped impulse voltage level, so that the total swing shall be equal to 100 % of the standard impulse
peak value. The rise time, from zero to chopping, and the collapse time, from chopping to zero, of
the impulse, shall be in accordance with table 5.
The test impulse sequence comprises
a) one full impulse,
b) 600 or 100 chopped impulses, and
c) one full impulse.
The time interval between successive impulses shall be as short as possible and shall be equal to or
less than 1 min. The impulse wave shapes of the two full voltage impulses together with 12 or 10
chopped impulses each at every 50 or every 10 chopped impulses depending on the number used,
600 or 100 respectively, shall be recorded.
Flashovers along self-restoring external insulation during chopped impulse applications shall be
disregarded but each such application shall be repeated.
Any one of the following indicates an internal fault and constitutes failure of the unit:
a) any difference between the two full impulse wave shapes;
b) any difference between chopped impulse wave shapes;

23

NRS 030:2001

c) the increase of dissolved gas concentration in the oil, between the sample analysed before the
test and that analysed three days after , exceeding the limits indicated in Table 6 ; and
d) any significant difference between all routine tests performed before and after completion of the
test.

to recorder

Figure 1 Typical chopped wave test circuit

where:
G Impulse generator;
S Spheroid spark gap when 600 chopped impulses are selected, or SF6 spark gap when
100 chopped impulses are selected;
T Object under test; and
D Voltage divider.
Table 5 Setting times for chopped wave impulse test
Number of chopped impulses

Maximum rise time

Maximum collapse time

(from zero to chopping)

(from chopping to zero)

600

As for standard lightning impulses

specified in schedule A

0,5

100

0,25

0,25

Table 6 Increase of dissolved gas concentration of oil samples taken before and three days
after the application of 600 or 100 chopped impulses
Gas

Detection
threshold

Significant minimum increase in

gas concentration

Maximum permissible increase

in gas concentration

g/g

g/g

g/g

Methane (CH4)

0,4

Ethane (C2H6)

0,4

Ethylene ( C2H4)

0,4

Acetylene (C2H2)

0,4

Hydrogen (H2)

NOTE Although the unit passes the test based on the values in table 6, deterioration of the insulation may have occurred. A
visual inspection of the unit shall be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser.

NRS 030:2001

24

5.3.2 Switching impulse test

5.3.2.1 Outdoor type transformers shall be subjected to wet tests only. Dry tests are not required.
5.3.2.2 The test voltages shall have the appropriate values given in table 1, depending on the highest
voltage for equipment and the specified insulation level.
5.3.2.3 The test voltage shall be applied between the line terminal of the primary winding and earth.
5.3.2.4 The earth terminal of the primary winding or the non-tested line terminal in the case of an
unearthed voltage transformer, one terminal of the secondary winding(s), the frame, case (if any),
and core (if there is a special earth terminal) shall be connected together and to earth. At the option
of the manufacturer the connection to earth may be made through a suitable current recording
device. The non-earthed secondary terminals may be left open or connected to a high impedance
device for recording the voltage wave appearing across the secondary winding(s) during the test. To
counteract the effect of core saturation, it is permissible, between consecutive impulses, to modify
the magnetic status of the core by a suitable procedure.
5.3.2.5 The test shall be performed with both positive and negative polarities. Fifteen consecutive
impulses of each polarity, corrected for atmospheric conditions, shall be applied.
5.3.2.6 The transformer has passed the test if
a) no disruptive discharge occurs in the non-self-restoring internal insulation,
b) no flashovers occur along the non-self-restoring external insulation,
c) no more than two flashovers occur across the self-restoring external insulation, and
d) no other evidence of insulation failure is detected (i.e. variations in the wave-shape of the
recorded quantities).
5.3.2.7 The dielectric type tests shall be carried out on the same transformer which, afterwards,
shall be subjected to all routine tests.

5.3.3 Dielectric dissipation factor test (tangent delta) at ambient temperature and 90
C.
The test applies only to the liquid immersed insulation units having Um 72,5 kV. The measurements
of the dielectric loss angle (tangent delta) on the primary insulation, as a special test, shall be made
after the impulse test, switching impulse test and power frequency test, but before the long-duration
voltage test. The special test measurements of tangent delta on the completed unit consist of two
performances:
a) at ambient temperature, the voltage applied between primary winding terminals shall be raised to
120 % of the highest system voltage. While the voltage is being raised, tangent delta
measurements shall be taken at 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 30 %, 60 %, 75 % 100 % and 120 % of
Um . This voltage shall then be reduced to zero and tangent delta measurements shall be taken as
the voltage is being reduced at 100 %, 75 %, 60 %, 30 %, 20 %, 15 %, 10 %, and 5 % of Um;
and
b) at a temperature of 90 C, tangent delta measurements shall be taken at 60 %, 75 %, 100 % and
120 % of Um.

25

NRS 030:2001

Ambient temperature shall be recorded. All measurements at both temperatures and at each step
shall be recorded. The voltage transformer has passed the test if the temperature coefficient
' ' for
each step is less than or equal to 0,01/ C.
Values of of 0,02/ C or larger are unacceptable. Intermediate values of (between 0,01/ C and
0,02/ C) may be accepted if they pass the long-duration test of 5.3.5.
tan d 90
1
)
In (
_
tan d ta
90 t a

a =

where:

is the temperature coefficient;

ta

is the ambient temperature;

tan 90

is the tangent delta at 90 C;

tan ta

is the tangent delta at ambient temperature; and

ln

is the natural logarithm.

5.3.4 Mechanical strength and sealing test on primary terminals

The mechanical strength test shall be performed before the sealing test.
The sealing test is applicable where oil and gas-insulating mediums are used.
The test shall be performed on primary terminals and their associated parts, mounted on the voltage
transformer as in service, on units fitted with each type and size of primary terminal arrangement.
Procedure:
a) first apply the force Fm at right angles to the axis of the terminal stem and at the tip of the stem
for a duration of tm; and
b) thereafter, apply the force Fi as for Fm above for the duration of ti and in the case of oil-insulated
or gas-insulated voltage transformers, concurrently with the test for effectiveness of sealing as
detailed in clause 5.2.5.
Fm, tm, Fi and ti are given in table 7, in accordance with type of insulation medium.
NOTE An acceptable method agreed with the manufacturer shall be used to check compliance with 4.4.

Table 7 Mechanical strength and sealing tests on primary terminals

1
Primary terminal
stem diameter

mm

26

Mechanical strength test

4
Insulation medium of
voltage transformer

Sealing test

Force Fm

Duration tm

Force Fi

Duration
ti

min

750

12

1 500

3
60

5.3.5 Long duration voltage test

Fluid (for example,

oil/gas)
Resin only

Not applicable

NRS 030:2001

26

This test shall be performed to determine the thermal stability of voltage transformers having
Um 7,2 kV in respect of resin insulated units and Um 72,5 kV in respect of oil insulated units.
5.3.5.1 Test procedure for oil insulated units
A test voltage of 1,3Um 3 shall be applied to the voltage transformer's primary insulation for 48 h
at the ambient temperature of 40 C 2 C. The value of tangent delta measured at the test voltage
during the last 10 h, at regular intervals of 1 h, shall not exceed the value at 75 % of Um during the
tangent delta test in 5.3.3, and it shall be constant within a tolerance of 0,02 %. If this condition is
not achieved, the test shall be continued up to tangent delta stabilisation or to insulation failure.During
the specified time interval and the applied test voltage, the apparent charge of the partial discharge
shall be recorded and shall be well below the value measured at Us during the partial discharge test
(see table 4) and the apparent charge shall be constant
(with insignificant variations).
5.3.5.2 Test procedure for resin insulated units
After having raised the voltage in the primary side up to 1,4 Um 3 and maintained for not less than
10 s it shall be reduced to 1,3Um 3 and then maintained at that value for 48 h.
The values of the partial discharge, measured and recorded during the last 10 h at regular intervals
of 1 h, shall be well below the value measured at Us during the partial discharge test (see table 4)
and the partial discharge shall be constant (with insignificant variations).

5.4 Test certificates

5.4.1 General
All tests shall be fully documented in English and shall be signed and stamped by the purchasers
inspector(s), and copies shall be forwarded to the purchaser.
The copies shall include test certificates, bound together in one volume, recording the results of type
tests, routine tests and special tests (if applicable), carried out on one fully assembled voltage
transformer of each type and rating.

5.4.2 Routine and sample test certificates (supplied with each voltage transformer)
Each voltage transformer shall be delivered with one copy of all routine test certificates together with
a copy of the excitation curve as specified in 5.1.4. The certificates and curves shall be enclosed in
a water-resistant packaging and housed inside the terminal box of each voltage transformer.

6. Marking, labelling and packaging

The following is required:
a) long term storage of spare voltage transformers;
b) handling/preparation for transport with details of lifting and support positions; and
c) correct handling and slinging methods.

Annex A

27

NRS 030:2001

(informative)

Notes on system neutral earthing

A.1 For effectively earthed systems:
R0 X1 and X0 3 X1 (at the VT location)
where:
R0 is the zero sequence resistance;
X0

is the zero sequence reactance; and

X1 is the positive sequence reactance.

In practice, this means that
a) For a phase-to-earth fault, the r.m.s. phase voltage to earth of any healthy phase does not
exceed 0,8 Um, where Um is the highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage of equipment.
b) 80 % arresters can be applied.
c) Earth-fault currents approach the level of three-phase fault currents.
d) All power transformers must have their Y winding neutrals solidly earthed and have to be provided
with delta windings, such that the criterion X0 3 X1 is satisfied.
Typical examples are
1)

Two winding transformers:

Ynd, Dyn.

2)

Three winding transformers:

Yndyn.

3)

Auto-transformers:

Yynod.

A.2 For non-effectively earthed systems :

a) For a phase-to-earth fault, the r.m.s. phase voltage to earth of any sound phase equals Um.
b) 100 % arresters need to be applied.
c) Earth-fault currents are significantly less than the three-phase fault current levels at the
voltage transformer location.

NRS 030:2001

28

Annex A
(concluded)
Typical examples of non-effectively earthed systems:
1)

Yy transformers without a delta winding.

2)

Yy auto-transformers without a delta winding.

3)

Neutral electromagnetic couplers (NECs) with

4)

5)

a)

Solidly earthed neutrals (reactance earthing of 2 000 A to 5 000 A).

b)

Low-resistance earthing (typically 300 A to 500 A).

c)

High-resistance earthing (typically 10 A to 50 A).

Dyn transformers with

a)

Low-resistance earthing (typically 300 A to 500 A).

b)

High-resistance earthing (typically 10 A to 50 A).

Unearthed or arc suppression (Petersen) coil earthed systems.

29

NRS 030:2001

Annex B
(informative)

Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry

B.1 General
A model form is given in Annex C to provide the purchaser with a convenient aid to purchasing. The
purchaser shall provide a standard form, based on the model form in Annex C.
The purchaser needs only specify compliance with this specification, provide the tenderers with
details of his/her particular requirements, and set out the information he/she requires the tenderer to
provide, as indicated below.

B.2 Schedules
The model form in Annex C provides the purchaser with examples of a schedule A and a schedule B.

B.2.1 Schedule A
Schedule A lists the requirements to be specified by the purchaser in enquiries and orders. These
requirements include references to the relevant sub-clauses in this specification to assist in
compiling the schedules.

B.2.2 Schedule B
The tenderer shall complete Schedule B. By doing this, the tenderer will be stating compliance with
this specification and will provide the information the purchaser has requested.
NOTE 1 Where this specification allows the purchaser to make a choice, the example of schedule A (in the model form) lists
the preferred items/values/quantities. In the interests of standardization, purchasers are encouraged not to deviate from these
preferences.
NOTE 2 The purchaser needs only include those items that he considers to be relevant or necessary when preparing his own
schedule A and schedule B from the examples in the model form.
NOTE 3 These schedules, when completed, become normative annexes to the enquiry specification.

B.3 Commercial conditions

A purchaser will need to indicate the commercial conditions applicable and draw up a price
schedule. Requirements for delivery, storage, packing and marking should be attended to in this part
of the enquiry.

B.4 Quality assurance

This specification does not cover the purchasers possible requirements in respect of quality
assurance, quality control, inspections, etc., since each purchaser needs to consider the criticality
of the application of each component and his own policy towards these matters, etc. Purchasers are
referred to SABS ISO 9001:2000 for guidance.

NRS 030:2001

30

Annex B
(concluded)

B.5 Testing
Attention should be paid to the subject of tests, and their related costs. Tests should be carried out
by a competent party and tenderers should be requested to provide assurances on this point. Price
schedules should be so drawn up and covering letters so worded that the costs of all services such
as tests, delivery and spares are declared and allowed for in the tender.
Before type tests, routine tests and sample tests are carried out, the number of samples used and
the frequency of sampling should be agreed upon with the supplier.

B.6 Revision of standards used as normative references

This specification, as has been indicated, is based on a set of defined standards which may have
been revised or amended. Most purchasers will, in principle, wish to employ the latest standards. It
is recommended that an approach to this question be to secure an undertaking from a supplier to
review the latest versions and amendments and to incorporate these where possible and agreeable to
both parties. A blanket commitment to work to the latest versions of standards creates legal
difficulties of interpretation and risks for both parties and should be properly assessed. This
invariably cannot be done in the time available.

31

NRS 030:2001

Annex C
(informative)

Model form for schedules A and B

This model form is provided as a convenient aid to purchasing. Guidance on preparing an enquiry
using this form is given in annex B.
Schedule A: Purchasers specific requirements
Schedule B: Particulars of equipment to be supplied by tenderer
Item

Clause
4.1

4.1a)

Description

Schedule A

Schedule B

________

xxxxxxxx

b) altitude

________

xxxxxxxx

c) average humidity

________

xxxxxxxx

d) wind pressure

Pa

________

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

2) if yes, flash density to SABS 0313

________

xxxxxxxx

Number of voltage transformers required

________

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

50

xxxxxxxx

e) method of earthing: effective or noneffective

________

xxxxxxxx

f) single-phase or 3-phase voltage

transformer?

________

xxxxxxxx

General requirements
Service conditions (if non-standard)
a) ambient air temperature (average)

e) level of pollution equipment is subject to, if

other than heavy, (for example, light, medium
or very heavy)
f) special conditions, for example:
1) lightning area

4.1b)

System details
a) indoor or outdoor use
b) nominal r.m.s voltage(Un)

kV

c) number of phases
d) frequency

4.1.2.2
3

4.1c)

Hz

g) symmetrical 3-phase fault current

kA

________

xxxxxxxx

h) basic insulation level

kV

________

xxxxxxxx

Manufacture of VTs
a) manufacturer

xxxxxxxx

________

b) manufacturers type designation

xxxxxxxx

________

NRS 030:2001

32

Annex C
(continued)
Item

Clause

4.1.3

Description

Detailed drawing of insulator

5

4.1.4

Schedule B

xxxxxxxx

________

Yes

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

Yes

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

Details of insulation materials

Manufacturer of HV porcelain insulators

4.1.4.2

Schedule A

Insulation medium (gas,oil,resin)

Details of oil-insulated voltage
transformers to be submitted for
approval:

4.1.4.2

Type of oil

4.1.4.3

Oil to be certified to contain no PCBs (zero

count)?

4.1.4.4

Quantity of oil required

4.1.4.6

Expansion accommodation method

4.1.4.7

Details of sealing arrangements

Yes

________

4.1.4.9

Oil-level indicators

Yes

________

4.1.4.10

Oil sample valve required?

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

4.1.5

Gas-insulated voltage transformers

4.1.5.5

Method of sealing

xxxxxxxx

________

4.1.6

Dry type voltage transformers

Is the core included in the encapsulation?

xxxxxxxx

Yes/No

If no: details of core treatment

xxxxxxxx

________

________

________
________

4.2

Design details

4.2.1.2/3
/4

Voltage factor

Time for voltage factor

________

Primary voltage

________

________

Secondary voltage

________

________

Measuring or protection application:

rated burden per phase
accuracy class (4.2.2)
4.1

________
VA

________

xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx

________

HV neutral earthed?

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

Is a power winding required?

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

33

NRS 030:2001

Annex C
(continued)
Item

Clause

Description

Schedule A

Schedule B

220/110

xxxxxxxx

________

________

Short-circuit protection

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

Are primary fuses required?

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

________

________

xxxxxxxx

________

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

________

c) make and type of protection

xxxxxxxx

________

d) white phase or neutral to be earthed

_______

xxxxxxxxx

If Yes:

4.2.3
4.2.3.1/2

a)

rated secondary voltage

b)

rated continuous current of

secondary winding

If Yes:

4.2.3.1/3

a)

rating

b)

location

Is protection of secondary winding

required?
If Yes:
a) by means of fuses/MCBs?
b) current rating

4.2.3.4

Short-circuit currents
a) calculated secondary short-circuit
current

xxxxxxxx

________

b) maximum permissible duration of

secondary short-circuit current

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

Number of core limbs: 5

xxxxxxxx

________

Draw-out (rail ) type or hinged type

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

c) operating time for secondary shortcircuit

4.3.2.2
7

4.3
4.3.1
4.3.1.3

d) calculated primary current for a

secondary short-circuit assuming zero
source impedance

e) drawing showing method of mounting

secondary fuses/MCBs

Constructional requirements
Windings and connections
Is a residual voltage winding required?
If Yes:
a) rated burden
b) rated secondary voltage

VA
V

________

xxxxxxxx

110

xxxxxxxx

NRS 030:2001

34

Annex C
(continued)
Item

Clause
4.3.1.4

Description

Schedule A

Schedule B

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

Number of fuses/MCBs

xxxxxxxx

________

Manufacturer of fuses/MCBs

xxxxxxxx

________

Type of fuses/MCBs

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

________

mm

xxxxxxxx

________

Yes/No

________

Are tapped windings for providing both

rated secondary residual voltages
required?

4.3.1.6
8

4.3.4
4.3.4.1

Details of primary winding neutral (earth)

terminal
Secondary terminal box

Current rating of fuses/MCBs

Diameter of secondary earthing terminal

4.3.4.2

HV winding earth end to be brought out,

with link to earth terminal

4.3.4.4

Dimension of terminal box:

a) length

mm

xxxxxxxx

________

b) height

mm

xxxxxxxx

________

c) depth

mm

xxxxxxxx

________

4.3.4.6

Minimum effective gland area of

secondary terminal box/gland plate; length
width

mm

75 50

________

4.3.4.1

Bolted link or removable link?

________

xxxxxxxx

Yes

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

4.3.5

Mounting arrangement
Outline drawing
Holding down bolts to be arranged to fall
within a square of maximum dimensions

10

11

mm

4.3.6

Metal finish

4.3.6.1

Is metal spraying to a thickness of at least

of 80 m acceptable?

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

Finish offered on ferrous parts

xxxxxxxx

________

Finish offered on non-ferrous parts

xxxxxxxx

________

a) aluminium or

________

xxxxxxxx

b) electrotinned copper stem

________

xxxxxxxx

2. Type of primary terminal

Stem/pad

________

________

xxxxxxxx

4.4

Primary terminals (Post-type voltage

transformer)
1. Materials:

Dimensions and orientation of stem type:

a) diameter

mm

35

NRS 030:2001

Annex C
(continued)
Item

Clause

Description
b) minimum length

mm

c) orientation

Schedule A

Schedule B

________

xxxxxxxx

Horizontal/
Vertical

xxxxxxxx

________

________

Details of pad type terminal:

a) hole arrangement

12

13

b) hole spacing

mm

________

________

c) length

mm

________

________

d) thickness

mm

________

________

4.5

Diameter of apparatus earthing terminal

mm

xxxxxxxx

________

4.6

Rating plates and diagram plates

4.6.5

a)

materials used for rating plates

xxxxxxxx

________

b)

material used for diagram plates

xxxxxxxx

________

c)

method of fixing diagram plates and

rating plates

xxxxxxxx

________

Yes

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

4.3.2

Cores

4.3.2.4

Core steel details

4.3.2.4a)

a) grade
b) thickness of lamina

4.3.2.4b)
14

xxxxxxxx

________

a) annealed?

xxxxxxxx

________

b) B/H curve

Yes

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

________

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

________

xxxxxxxx

a) outline dimension

xxxxxxxx

________

b) assembly

xxxxxxxx

________

c) terminal box

xxxxxxxx

________

d) terminal marking

xxxxxxxx

________

e) rating plate

xxxxxxxx

________

f) diagram plate

xxxxxxxx

________

Quantity required

________

xxxxxxxx

4.7

Drawings and instruction manuals

4.7.1

Quantity of drawings and literature

required with tender

mm

Electronic data
Software for electronic data
4.7.1.2a)9

Mass of complete transformer

4.7.3

Number of instruction books and

descriptive pamphlets per order, if other
than three.

4.7.2.1

Drawing numbers for post-type voltage

transformers:

kg

NRS 030:2001

36

Annex C
(concluded)

Item
15

Clause

Description
Drawing numbers for three-phase VTs
and units built into circuit breakers

4.7.2.2 c)

rating plate

xxxxxxxx

________

diagram plate

xxxxxxxx

________

________

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

________

Yes

xxxxxxxx

Primary fuses quantity required

________

xxxxxxxx

Secondary fuses quantity required

________

xxxxxxxx

Are valid type test results available?

xxxxxxx

Yes/No

If No, are type tests to be performed?

Yes/No

xxxxxxx

If required, where are type tests to be

carried out?

xxxxxxxx

________

__________

__________

4.7.2.1(e)

Drawing number of magnetization curve

showing voltage/exciting current.

16

5.4.2

Test certificates of individual routine tests

are required and shall be placed in the
terminal box

17

4.8

Spare fuses

19

20

Schedule B

4.7.2.2

Quantity required

18

Schedule A

5.1.1.1

Type tests

5.2

Routine tests

5.2.3(b)

Applied r.m.s voltage other than 3kV

5.2.5

Does leakage rate comply with 4.1.5.5 or

4.1.4.7?

xxxxxxxx

Yes/No

5.2.5.3

Submit details for the determination of the

rate of gas leakage for approval

Yes

________

5.2.7.5

Test procedure for cast resinencapsulated voltage transformers

xxxxxxxx

Procedure
1/2

5.3

Special tests

5.3.1

Chopped impulse tests

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

5.3.2

Switching impulse test

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

5.3.3

Dielectric dissipation factor test at ambient

temperature and 90oC

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

5.3.4

Mechanical strength and sealing test

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

5.3.5

Long duration voltage test

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

5.1.1

Are valid test certificates for the special

tests available?

xxxxxxxx

Yes/No

If No, are the special tests to be

performed?

Yes/No

xxxxxxxx

If required, where are the special tests to

be carried out?

xxxxxxxx

________

kV

37

NRS 030:2001

Bibliography
The following documents were a source of reference in compiling this specification. They do not
constitute provisions of this specification but are referenced for further information:
IEC 60050:1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 446: Electrical relays.
IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements.
IEC 60060-2:1994, High-voltage test techniques Part 3: Measuring systems.
IEC 60071-1:1976, Insulation co-ordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules.
IEC 60085:1984, Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical insulation.
IEC 60269-1:1986, Low-voltage fuses Part 1: General requirements.
IEC 60507:1991(Report), Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c.
systems.
IEC 60815:1986, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions.
SABS 0313:1999, Protection of structures against lightning.
SABS ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems: Requirements

sabs pta