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HEART
Sounds
S1 Tricuspid & Mitral Valve Closes
S2 Pulmonary & Aortic Valve Closes
S3 Ventricular Filling Complete
S4 Elevated Arterial Pressure (Atrial Kick)
WAVE REVIEW
P Wave: Atrial
depolarization
PR Segment: AV node
conduction
QRS Complex:
Ventricular
Depolarization
U Wave: Hypokalemia
creates U-wave
InDepth
ST Segment:
Ventricles depolarized
T Wave: Ventricular
repolarization
S-T Segment: Time from the end of S to beginning of T wave; represents time between end of
spreading impulse through ventricles and ventricular repolarization; in heart attack; with
insufficient oxygen
Q-T Interval: Time for singular depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles. Conduction
probs, myocardial damage, or congenital heart defects can prolong this.
Peripheral Edema
Ascites
Anorexia
Hepatomegaly
Tachycardia
Cough
Mitral Murmur
Diaphoresis
Orthopnea
NEURO