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QUESTION BANK
UNIT- 1 : MATRICES AND GAUSSIAN ELIMINATION
1
2
For the equations x + y = 4 , 2x 2y = 4 draw the row picture and column picture
Do the three planes x + 2y + z = 4 , y z = 1 and x + 3y = 0 have at least one common
point of intersection ? Explain. Is the system consistent if the last equation is changed to
x + 3y = 5 ? If so, solve the system completely.
2
4
Find an LU factorization of A =
2
4 1
5 3
5 4
0 7
x u
y v
5
8
1
3
2
1
. What is the rank of A ?
8
10 2 x 1
2 05 y 0
and
10 2 u 0
2 05 v 1
1
2
1
2
1
2
0
0
4
6
3
8
. Write down the
2
1 a b
If the inverse of A = 1 a 2
1 0 b
1 1 1
1 0 1
is known to be
1 1 0
8
9
10
11
12
a b c
A= d e 0
f 0 0
13
1 0 0
A = 1 1 1
0 0 1
1
14
15
2 1 0
A = 1 2 1
0 1 2
0 0 1
A = 0 1 1
1 1 1
3
Find the pivots and the solution for the equations x + 4y -2z + 8t = 12, y -7z + 2t = -4,
5z - t = 7 and z + 3t = -5.
Given a system of three equations in three unknowns, mention any five singular cases of
the row picture of the system. Also write down the number of solutions in each case.
16
Given A =
17
a b 0
B= cd 0
00 e
0 a b
0 0 c
d e f
pivots? Write down the permutation matrices that need to be used to reduce A to an upper
triangular form.
Sketch these three lines and decide if the equations are solvable : x + 2y = 2, x y = 2
and y = 1 . What happens if all right hand sides are zeros? Is there any nonzero choice of
right hand sides that allows the three lines to intersect at the same point ? Also, draw the
column picture for the first two equations.
18
If
1 1 0
4 6 1
A =
2 2 0
which three matrices E21 , E31 , E32 put A into triangular form
U? Multiply these three matrices to get one matrix M that does the elimination
M A = U.
19
20
21
22
1 2 1
Apply elimination to produce the factors L and U for A = 2 4 2 . Find also the LDU
1 1 1
factorization and explain why A = LU is not possible.
Describe the intersection of the three planes x + y + z + t = 6, x + z + t = 4 and x + z = 2 in
four dimensional space. What is the intersection if the fourth plane x = - 1 is included
Find a fourth equation that makes the system inconsistent.
For which values of a will elimination fail to give three pivots for the system of equations
ax + 2y + 3z = b, ax + ay + 4z = c and ax + ay + az = d ? Give the reason in each case.
A =
2
1
1
2
1
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
1
23
24
25
26
a r r r
a b s s
a b c d
1 3 5
Factor the matrix A into LDU where A = 3 12 18 . How are L and U related and why?
5 18 30
UNIT 2 : VECTOR SPACES
2 6 8
If A = 4 12 a
1 b 2
( i) the whole of R3
(ii) a 2-dimensional subspace of R 3
(iii) a 1-dimensional
3
subspace of R . Find a basis for N ( A ) in the second case choosing a = 22.
Define left null space of an m by n matrix. If the column space of A is spanned by the
vectors ( 1, 4, 2 ) , ( 2, 5, 1 ) and ( 3, 6, 0 ) find all those vectors that span the left null
space of A. Determine whether or not the vector b = ( 4, -2, 2 ) is in that subspace. What
are the dimensions of C ( AT ) and N ( AT ) ?
Find a basis and the dimension for the four fundamental subspaces of A =
1 2
3 6
Find a basis for the column space and the null space of A
2 4 6 4
= 2 5 7 6
2 3 5 2
11
For what value of will the vectors ( 1, 3, -5 ) , ( 0, 5, ) and ( -2, -1, 0 ) span a two
dimensional subspace ? For this value of ,
(i)
express ( -2, -1, 0 ) as a linear combination of the other two vectors and
(ii)
find a vector in R3 that is not in the span of these vectors.
Verify whether the set V = R 2 with the standard vector addition and scalar
multiplication defined as c(u1 , u2 ) (u1 , u2 ) is a vector space
Verify whether the set V = R 2 with the standard scalar multiplication and addition
defined as (u1 , u2 ) (v1 , v2 ) (u1 2v1 , u2 v2 ) is a vector space.
Suppose that the set V is the set of positive real numbers (i.e. x > 0 ) with addition
and scalar multiplication defined as follows x y xy, cx x c . Show that V is a vector
space.
Let the set V be the points on a line that does NOT go through the origin with the standard
addition and scalar multiplication. Then show that V is not a vector space
Let W be the set of all points, (u1 , u 2 ) , from R 2 in which x 0 . Is this a subspace of R 2
?
Determine the null space of each of the following matrices:
12
A=
, B=
4 10
3 21
By locating the pivots find a basis for the column space
6
7
8
9
10
U =
0 5 4 3
0 0 2 1
0 0 0 0
13
14
15
0 0 0 0
1 2 0 1
If A = 0 1 1 0
1 2 0 1
0 1 4 0
A= 0 2 8 0
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1 2 3
and B = 2 3 4
7 12 17
(a)
2
1 3 5
A 1 4 3
1 1 9
Given
define
as, T ( x1, x2 ) = ( w1, w2, w3, w4 ).
Find (i) T ( -1, 3 ) (ii) T ( 1, 3 ) (iii) T ( -1, -3 ) (iv) T ( 1, -3 ). Is T linear ?
6
7
8
Define
as
.
Find (i) T ( 3, 2 , -1 ) (ii) T ( 1, 0, -2 ) (iii) ( 0, 2, -3 )
Determine whether or not T is linear
Determine the matrix induced by the following reflections.
(a) Reflection about the x-axis.
(b) Reflection about the y-axis]
(c) Reflection about the line
.
Determine the matrix induced by the composition of reflection about the y-axis followed
by reflection about the x-axis
Determine the matrix induced by the composition of reflection about the y-axis followed
by another reflection about the y-axis.
For each of the following compute
.
(a)
and
in
(b)
and
in
Find the equation of the line that runs through the four points
and
10
and
11
12
13
14
15
16
Let A =
0
1
1 1
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Find the orthogonal projection of the vector v onto this subspace P given
26
Show that the three vectors v1 = (1, 2, 1) ; v2 = ( 2, 1, -4 ) ; v3 = (3, -2, 1) are mutually
orthogonal. Express the the vector v = (7, 1, 9) as a linear combination of v1; v2; v3.
27
Project the vector b = (1, 2, 1) onto the line through a = (2, -3, 1). Also check that the
vector e = b p is orthogonal to a.
28
1
0
0
1
1
1
1 1 0
if A =
, b=
. Verify that
29
Find the best least squares solution x to 3x = 10, 4x = 5. What error E2 is mininmised?
30
Check the error vector (10 - 3 x , 5-4 x ) is perpendicular to the column (3,4).
Find the best straight line fit (least squares) to the measurements b = 4 at t = -2, b = 3 at
t = -1, b = 1 at t = 0, b = 0 at t = 2. Then find the projection of b = (4,3,1,0) onto the
1
1
1
column space of A =
2
- 1
0
1/ 2
Let Q =
2/3
1/ 2 2 / 3
0
1
/
3
and x = (
2 , 3 ).
and Q x x
Project b = ( 1, 2, 3 ) onto the lines through a1 = ( 0, 0, 1 ) , a2 = ( 0, 1, 1 ) and a3 = ( 1, 1, 1 ).
Apply the Gram- Schmidt process to a1, a2, a3 to produce an orthonormal set of vectors and
write the result in the form A = QR.
Apply Gram Schmidt process to a = (0, 0, 1), b = (0, 1, 1) and c = (1, 1, 1) and write the
result in the form A=QR.
5
6
cos sin
sin cos
eigen values equals the trace of A and their product equals the determinant of A. What are the
eigen values of A2 ?
Find the matrix A whose eigen vales are 1 and 4 and whose eigen vectors are ( 3, 1 ) and
( 2, 1 ) respectively. What are the eigen values of A-1 ?
Let be an eigen value of A with x as the corresponding eigen vector. Show that
(i)
2
is an eigen value of A2 with the same eigen vector x.
1 / is an eigen value of A-1 with the same eigen vector x provided A is nonsingular.
A =
3 4 2
0 1 2 .Check that
0 0 0
eigen values equals the trace of the matrix A and their product equals the determinant of A. Is
A diagonalizable ? If so, write down the matrix S that diagonalizes A .
34
0 0
Use the power method to compute the numerically largest eigen value of
1 3 1
3 2 4
A =
1 4 10
2 .
decimal places ) .
10
Diagonalize A =
11
5
4
4
5
R2 = A.
Find all the eigen values of the operator T : R 3 R 3 defined by
T ( x, y , z ) ( 2 x y , y z , 2 y 4 z )
12
1
0
2
0
and B 0
2
0
2
0
of the eigenvalues equals to the trace and product of eigenvalues equals the determinant.
13
14
15
a
and B
3
b
matrix R such that R2 = A). How many square roots will there be?
16
17
18
Diagonalize A
SS 1
1
0
for A
1
2
and A
1
.
2
1
1 3 k 1 3 k 1
and hence prove that A k
.
2
2 3 k 1 3 k 1
Using the power method determine the largest Eigen value and the corresponding Eigen
5
1
192. Using power method, find the largest Eigen value & the corresponding Eigen vector of the
matrix
2
1
1
2
1
0
1
2
5 x 2 y z 12
2x y 6z 9
x 4 y 2 z 15
8 x 3 y 2 z 13
x 2 y 5 z 20
x 5y z 7
4. 10 x 2 y z 9
2 x 20 y 2 z 44
2 x 3 y 10 z 22
2.
5.
3.
x 3 y 10 z 24
2 x 17 y 4 z 35
83 x 11 y 4 z 95
7 x 52 y 13 z 104
3x 8 y 29 z 71
28 x 4 y z 32
9.9
2. 3x+9y-2z = 11
X+4y+2z = 15
4x+2y13z = 24
8x+3y+2z = 13
X+2y+5z = 20
4x-4y+3z = -8
x+5y+z = 7.
4.
3. 2x+y+6z = 9
5x-y+z = 11
x+y+z = 12
2x+2y+z =-2.
An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs. 400 is made on
each first class ticket and a profit of Rs. 300 is made on each economy class ticket . The
airline reserves at least 20 seats for first class. How many tickets of each class must be sold
in order to maximize profit for the airline? Formulate the problem
4
5
6
Maximize Z = 6 x1 10 x2 subject to
x1 2 x2 200, x1 x2 150, x1 60, x1 x2 0 using Graphical method.
Using graphical method solve the following LPP, Minimize Z =
20 x1 30 x2 subject to x1 2 x2 40,3 x1 x2 30, 4 x1 3 x2 60, x1 x2 0 .
Convert the following LPP to standard form; Maximize
Z 3 x1 2 x2 4 x3
subject to x1 2 x2 x3 8,
2 x1 x2 x3 2,
4 x1 2 x2 3 x3 6, x1 , x2 0.