Lesson-12

Reserve and Resource

Estimation
Edi B. Setyobudi
2014

Further Readings
Tearpock, D.J. & R.E. Bischke, 1991

Applied Subsurface Geological Mapping

Chapter 14

How to Phantom Down

Formation Top =
Seismic Marker

Reservoir Top

Maps Needed
Structure Maps

Thickness Maps:
Isopach

(Isochore) Map
Isochron Map (seismic time interval)
Other Maps:
Porosity

Map
Net / Gross Ratio Map
Etc

Gross Net Thickness and Net Pay

Gross Thickness:
Formation / member
Zone
Reservoir (sand / carbonate / others)
Net Thickness:
Portion of the thickness that porous and permeable eg
above cut-offs
Net Pay:
Portion of Net thickness that contains producible
hydrocarbon eg above saturation cut-offs

Gross SandThickness - Ratio

Well A

Well B

Formation thickness:
Well A 605
Well B 701
Gross sand thickness:
Well A:
Sand-1 99
Sand-2 101
Sand-3 103
Well B:
Sand-1 102
Sand-2 151
Sand-3 129
Sand Shale Ratio:

Well A: 303 / 605 = 0.50

Well B: 382 / 701 = 0.54

Formation Thickness Map - Isochore

Any special purpose map such as Sand Shale Ratio Map,

Porosity Map you name it can be generated

Net Sand Isochore Map

Pay Thickness
Pay
portion of
reservoir
that
contains
producible
hydrocarbon
Net oil
Net gas

Phantoming down use gross thickness map

Special technique required for Net Pay Construction

Bottom and Edge Water

Bottom Water

Edge Water

Pay attention to geometry differences

Bottom Water
Key Components:
Structure map on top
Oil Water Contact

Net Pay Map Construction

Very simple task:

Subtract contour values
with OWC number
Adjust to net values

Edge Water Reservoir

Key Components:
Structure on top
Structure on base
Oil water contact
Net sand thickness

Edge Water
Key Components:
Structure on top
Structure on base
Oil water contact
Net sand thickness

Edge Water

Important aspects:
OWC on top marks
outer limit of oil - blue

line

OWC on base marks

inner limit of water
inside this line:
net sand = net pay red

line

Edge Water - Detail Procedure-1

1. Draw depth structure

map on top reservoir
mark OWC blue line
2. Draw depth structure
map on base reservoir
mark OWC red line

Edge Water - Detail Procedure-2

3. Take net sand isochore

map draw OWC on
base (red line)
4. Remove contour
outside the circle
5. Draw OWC on top
(blue line)

Edge Water - Detail Procedure-3

6. Connect contour
lines start from
thickest part
7. Complete the
contour lines as
necessary
8. Planimeter the map
to calculate net oil
sand volume

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas

GAS

GAS / OIL
CONTACT

Key Components:
Structure on top
Structure on base
Oil water contact
Gas oil contact
Net sand thickness

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas:

Detail Procedure-1
1. Draw depth structure map
on top reservoir mark
OWC blue line and GOC
red line
2. Draw depth structure map
on base reservoir mark
OWC green line and
GOC brown line

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas:

Detail Procedure-2
3. Take net sand isochore
map draw GOC on base
4. Remove contour outside
the circle
5. Draw GOC on top
6. Connect contour lines
start from thickest part
7. Complete the contour lines
as necessary
8. Net gas pay map done

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas:

Detail Procedure-3
9.Draw:
OWC on top (blue),
OWC on base (green),
GOC on top (red),
GOC on base (brown)
Note:
area between OWC
on base and GOC on
top full net sand
thickness
Area inside GOC on
base no oil zone

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas:

Detail Procedure-4
10. A) Overlay Net
Sand Map

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas:

Detail Procedure-5
10. B) Remove contour
lines outside full net
sand thickness

Edge Water Reservoir Oil and Gas:

Detail Procedure-6
11. Complete contour
lines as necessary

Final products:
Net gas pay
Net oil pay

Rock Volume Calculated Slice by Slice

Rock Volume Slices (Vb)

Trapezoidal

Pyramidal
Where:
An

= area of one contour

An+1 = area of the next contour

h

= contour interval

Note: if An/An+1 > 0.5 use Trapezoidal

Calculate Reservoir Volume

Add all slices from

bottom up
Never miss the
volume of crestal
point

Initial Hydrocarbon In Place

Symbol
IHCIP
Resv Volume

(1 Sw)
Formation
Volume Factor

Remarks
Initial hydrocarbon in place
Reservoir volume
Porosity
Hydrocarbon saturation
Ratio of HC in reservoir vs at
surface

Thanks for your

kind attention

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