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Winter 2007

JOURNAL OF

BIOMEDICAL THERAPY
Integrating
Homotoxicology
and Mainstream
Medicine

Inflammatory syndrome of the mucosa


Scientific evidence for Engystol
Advanced detoxification

Official publication of SOHNA

by the Medical Writer

Homotoxicology In Brief
Biological pain relief medicine for
the locomotor system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Medical Studies
Mucosal inflammation syndrome in
allergic disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Medical Summaries
Antiviral activity of Engystol: an in
vitro analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A complex homeopathic preparation for
the symptomatic treatment of upper
respiratory infections associated with the
common cold: an observational study . . . . 9

Case Study
Gentle alternative to NSAIDs

........

In Your Practice
Practical detoxification and drainage

10

Every science that is worthwhile is constantly renewing itself. This is no


different for Homotoxicology. We are proud to build the bridge between
conventional medicine and homeopathy, and therefore also proud of our
heritage left by the founding father Dr. Hans-Heinrich Reckeweg.
However, it is often said that Reckeweg himself would have updated his
ideas according to the new knowledge. All practitioners of Homotoxicology
today are forging the bridge into the new bio-modulatory model of therapy
with a firm base in homeopathy.
This issue of the journal is thus dedicated to those cutting-edge topics
which are very much the order of the day for the Scientific Advisory Board
(SAB), for the manufacturers of antihomotoxic medicine, as well as for
practitioners worldwide, such as Dr. Estrada from Colombia, who writes in
this issue about mucosal distress. We are thus constantly molding our therapy
to correspond to modern science.
During the last two years the medical working group of the SAB has applied
itself to update and revise the Six-Phase Table which will change its name
to the Disease Evolution Table. We have merged the old with the new, in
retaining the embryological layers, but have discarded old terms and concepts.
The role of the table as a diagnostic and prognostic tool is better defined
and the classification of diseases has been modernized. This is an important
tool in our practices, not only to plan therapy schemes, but also to follow the
progress of the patient and validate the homotoxicological theory of disease
progression and health progression. A short article highlighting these
changes, which will also be explained in a manual, will be published with a
new, graphic form of the Six-Phase Table, in the next issue.

We are also constantly updating our knowledge of the three pillars of


Homotoxicology treatment, and in this issue we look at the practical
application of detoxification and drainage. Detoxification and drainage is
often applied with no thought to the consequences to the patient. If we base
this on a firm scientific footing, though, we can apply it in a way which is
beneficial to the patient.
The concept of mucosal distress is very pertinent to homotoxicological
practice, and Dr. Estrada, a pediatrician, has astutely observed the interplay
between the different mucosal surfaces and the state of illness.

..

11

Lastly we give a short feedback on the Academic Symposium of the medical


week. A number of research papers were presented by practitioners, which
all contribute to the scientific foundation of Homotoxicology. We thus
hope that you will enjoy this journal which deviates from our previous
format, but is dedicated to Homotoxicology.
MEDICAL EDITOR/WRITER:
Dr. Alta A. Smit

www.heel.ca (Canada)
or
www.heelusa.com (USA)
Looking for a past issue?
Click on the archive section of
the Canadian website!

MANAGING EDITOR: Karina-Marie Tomasino


GRAPHIC DESIGN: Phaneuf Design Graphique

PROOFREADING: Andy Moss,


Dr. Rdiger Schneider.

AGREEMENT NUMBER: 40016492

CIRCULATION: 11,145
Made and printed in Canada
RETURN ADDRESS:
11025 L.H. Lafontaine
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Since this is an international publication, names and


availability of the products mentioned in this journal
may vary from one country to another.
Please note that certain jurisdictions do not allow
injectable homeopathics.

FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY


The information contained in this document is meant for professional use only and is not intended to diagnose any illness, nor is it intended to replace competent medical advice and practice. Heel/SOHNA or
anyone connected to, or participating in this publication will not accept any medical or legal responsibility
for misinterpretation or misuse of the informational and educational content of the present document.
The intention of the Journal of Biomedical Therapy is to inspire practitioners who wish to evolve their holistic practice. The purpose is to share information about successful protocols from orthodox and complementary practitioners. The intent of the information contained in this journal is not to dispense recipes,
but to encourage learning about complementary therapies. It is the practitioners responsibility to take this
information in stride and, if they so choose to apply it to their practice, to do so within the spectrum of
their knowledge and experience with integrity and competence, and within the scope of their practice. We
encourage our readers to share their complementary therapies, as the purpose of the Journal of
Biomedical Therapy is to join together like-minded practitioners from around the globe.
Written permission required to reproduce any of the enclosed material.

Winter 2007

To reach us,
log on to our website:
If you wish to
download this issue,
visit our website at

Dr. Alta Smit is a physiotherapist, medical doctor and homeopath, who is particularly interested in the
regulation therapy of modern immune diseases and metabolic diseases, as they are overlapping so rapidly.

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

J O U R N A L O F B I O M E D I CA L T H E R A P Y

SUMMARY EDITORIAL

Homotoxicology

IN BRIEF

Biological pain relief medicine


for the locomotor system
Report on a symposium in Baden-Baden,
Germany, October 28, 2006
Baden-Baden. Naturopathic therapies for musculoskeletal disorders
and pain can either complement allopathic medicine or offer effective alternatives, according to studies and empirical reports presented by physicians in sports medicine and other fields at a symposium
during Medical Week in Baden-Baden. The subject of the continuing education session, organized by the International Society for
Homeopathy and Homotoxicology and the Society of Biological
Medicine, was Sport and Quality of Life: Biological Pain Relief
Medicine for the Locomotor System.

Homeopathy: Effective Arthritis Therapy


Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have proven inadequate
in treating degenerative joint disorders, says Dr. Dietrich Gthel. According
to this physician and pharmacist from Bergisch Gladbach, an effective
arthritis therapy should do more than manage pain. It should also prevent
the progression of typical pathologies (such as cartilage destruction),
arresting both resorption of cartilage remnants by the synovial fluid and
(ultimately) the synthesis of catabolic cytokines. NSAIDs do not do this.
According to Gthel, homeopathic combination preparations such as
Traumeel and Zeel can fulfill these requirements. They can either replace or
complement NSAIDs and have potential as disease-modifying
osteoarthritic drugs. Multiple studies have already confirmed Traumeels
anti-inflammatory effects and Zeels efficacy in treating mild to moderate
osteoarthritis. In addition, both homeopathic medications offer excellent
tolerability.

Stimulation of Cartilage Matrix

Positive effects on the cartilage matrix were investigated by Dr. Rolf


Gebhardt, head of Leipzig Universitys Institute for Biochemistry. In vitro
studies have already confirmed the cartilage-stimulating effects of
Traumeel. In his report, Gebhardt explained how Traumeel promotes
extracellular matrix formation by chondrocytes and stimulates synthesis of
various matrix components. In further in vitro experiments with liver cells,
Gebhardt also demonstrated that the homeopathic combination preparation Lymphomyosot has toxin-neutralizing effects.

Increased Loading Due to Environmental Toxins


The burden of environmental toxins on human bodies is constantly
increasing. Mark Schauss, president of Carbon Based Corporation
(USA), develops evaluation procedures for laboratory tests. He reports
that slightly less than 36 billion kilograms of toxins are released each year
throughout the world. Some of these have negative effects on human
health even in microgram doses, and studies have shown that many of
them accumulate in the body. Effects of toxin loading can include disruption of the citric acid cycle and reduction in the resting metabolic rate.
Schauss sees this as a possible reason for recent global increase in obesity.
In his view, modern analytical procedures for measuring toxin loading and
effective detoxification therapies such as those offered by homeopathy are
of crucial importance to the field of medicine.

Winter 2007

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

Traumeel Effective in Tendinopathies


Dr. Alejandro Orizola (Chile) presented the results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical study of the efficacy of Traumeel ointment
in treating acute non-traumatic tendon damage in top athletes. Out of
a total of 252 athletes involved in the study, 89 were treated with
Traumeel and 87 with diclofenac ointment, while the remainder received
a placebo. Check-ups after 21 days of treatment revealed that therapy
with either diclofenac or Traumeel produced significantly greater
improvements in both ultrasound findings and subjective symptoms
than placebo. In most of the criteria evaluated, the homeopathic medication proved superior to the allopathic product. As a result, the athletes in
the Traumeel group were able to resume training after 20+ days, while the
diclofenac group required slightly less than 25 days on average.

Athletes Request Homeopathic Medications


Dr. Bernd Wolfarth (a senior internist at the Munich Technical University
Clinic) and Dr. Johann Kees (from the Lake Constance area) also presented lectures on the role of homeopathic combination preparations in
health care for top athletes. Wolfarth, who is also the physician for the

German national biathlon team, emphasized that the athletes themselves


often express a desire for homeopathic treatment options. Doping safety
is a major consideration, of course. Homeopathic combinations also played
a role at the Olympic winter games in Turino. For example, multiple
medalist Michael Greis successful rhinitis treatment included Engystol N,
Wolfarth said.

Doping Safety a Big Plus


Dr. Kees, who is also a team physician for the VfB Friedrichshafen volleyball team, emphasized that in addition to the efficacy of homeopathic
combinations, their doping safety is a big plus in competitive sports. Kees
stated that prevention and treatment of infections are a major part of his
work as a team physician, while acute injuries are of secondary importance.
Kees often uses higher doses of homeopathic combination preparations,
especially for preventing infections. In addition to Engystol and
Gripp-Heel, his list of basic medications includes Traumeel, an inflammation regulating drug with positive effects on the immune system.
Traumeel reduces microscopic tissue lesions that develop as a result of
practice and competition. The athletes immune system, relieved of the
burden of dealing with multiple injuries, is then better able to devote
itself to its usual job of warding off infection, said Kees.

A New Area of Application for Traumeel


Dr. Michal Amit-Kohn of the Orthopedic Department of Shaare Zedek
Medical Center in Jerusalem pointed out that the homeopathic combination Traumeel might find a new use in treating post-operative pain. She
presented a clinical pilot study of 19 patients who underwent surgical
hallux valgus (bunions) correction. In addition to standard pain therapy,
the patients received injections of Traumeel into the surgical site. Some of
the patients also took Traumeel tablets for two weeks after surgery. The
control group did not receive Traumeel in either form.
The study showed that the Traumeel group not only experienced significantly less pain than patients receiving only conventional treatment but
also used lower doses of analgesics. A trend was also evident in favor of
reduced frequency of infections in the Traumeel group. Taking additional
oral Traumeel (tablets) did not produce further reduction in symptoms.
Dr. Amit-Kohn emphasized that additional studies will be needed to
verify the results of this pilot study.

Guatemalan Receives Hans-Heinrich


Reckeweg Prize
For the first time this year, the winners of the annual Hans-Heinrich
Reckeweg Prize for outstanding research in the field of homeopathy and
homotoxicology had the opportunity to present their work during the
symposium. The prize has been awarded annually since 1995.
This years main prize of 10,000 euros went to the physician Dr. Sonia
Patricia Gaitn Jurez de Cuyn of Antigua Guatemala. In a comparative
study of newborns, she demonstrated that prophylactic administration of
the homeopathic medication Echinacea compositum significantly
reduced the risk of sepsis. Dr. Isabel Forner-Cordero, MD, of Valencia,
Spain, was awarded the 5,000 euro advancement prize for a research
paper on her successful use of therapy with the homeopathic combination
preparation Lymphomyosot in post-mastectomy lymphedema.

Mucosal inflammation
syndrome in allergic disease
INTRODUCTION

Medical

STUDY

Reprint and translated from: Rosales-Estrada M. El syndrome de inflamacin


de las mucosas en la enfermedad alrgica. Revista Colombiana de Pediatra.
2003;38(3):201-5.

It is common to find allergic patients with simultaneous clinical signs or symptoms of the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal and/or
genitourinary mucosal membranes. In the present study the common denominator was allergic rhinitis. Simultaneous clinical
involvement, circumscribed to the aforementioned mucosal tissues (mucosae) clearly suggests common physiopathological factors
in allergic disease; accordingly, alterations of one type of membrane affect the others, or alterations of two or more mucosae may be
explained on the basis of a common mechanism.
Hypothesis. Allergic disease can give rise to simultaneous clinical manifestations of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary
mucosal membranes.
Objective. To determine whether allergic disease can give rise to simultaneous clinical manifestations of these mucosae.
Summary. Patients who have allergies can have simultaneous respiratory, digestive and genitourinary mucosal disease. I performed
a retrospective study in 30 patients; 24 children and 6 women. The children were between 5 and 9 years old, and the women were
between 26 to 40 years old. All of them suffer from allergic diseases.
Results. 100% had clinical respiratory diseases like rhinitis, asthma, arithenoids or vocal cord inflammation, tonsillectomy, and/or
frequent respiratory viral infections. 100% of the patients had clinical digestive diseases such as gastro-esophageal reflux, gastroduodenitis, constipation and diarrhea. 87% of the female patients had clinical genitourinary diseases such as vulvovaginitis and
urinary infections.
The results of this study are very important because they provide information regarding the clinical behaviour of allergic diseases,
which can be systemic. According to this concept, its treatment should be holistic and individual because each patient can have
one or more mucosae involved. The most recent articles of medical literature refer to rhinitis and asthma only as a like process.

MATERIALS AND METHODS


A retrospective analysis was made of 30 deliberately selected allergic patients with clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis that
coincided with clinical manifestations of the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal and/or genitourinary mucosal membranes. These
clinical manifestations were: asthma, sinusitis, otitis media, acute and recurrent viral respiratory infections, adenotonsillar hypertrophy,
inflammation of the vocal cords and arytenoiditis, esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), gastritis, duodenitis, diarrhea,
constipation, vaginitis and urinary infections.
The study series comprised 24 children and 6 adult women. Of the pediatric patients, 10 were girls and 14 were boys. The patient
age varied from 5-9 years among the children and from 26-40 years in the case of the adults. Three of the women were nulliparous.
The study period was from April 30, 2002 to April 30, 2003.
Allergic patient classification was based on an evident clinical history of rhinitis, with or without simultaneous asthma and/or total
immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels above normal or specific IgE positivity for a given antigen. Clinical antecedents of adenoid removal
or tonsillectomy in a large proportion of cases contributed to establish the diagnosis. Thus, the sum of these clinical events
undoubtedly would classify these patients as allergic subjects.
The definition of rhinitis was based on a clinical history of abnormally increased and chronic nasal itching, marked sneezing particularly in the morning, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea of variable intensity according to the severity of the clinical process.
Almost all these patients had previously used local steroids applied to the nasal mucosa, prescribed by a physician unrelated to the
present study.

Recurrent acute viral respiratory infection (ARI) was diagnosed when the patient suffered one or more infections a month.
Clinical gastritis in turn was defined by clinical signs of acute gastritis the latter being established by acute epigastric pain accompanied
or not by vomiting and relief following antacid administration.
Chronic cough was defined as cough persisting for more than 20 days in different episodes, with a cause not different from allergy
of the upper airways.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) in turn was diagnosed by gammagraphy or a history of chronic vomiting in a child, or in the
case of adults chronic heartburn.
Arytenoiditis and inflammation of the vocal cords was accepted when laryngoscopy confirmed inflammation of these structures.

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

Esophago- and/or gastro- and/or duodenitis were diagnosed in the presence of endoscopic and histological findings corresponding
to such disorders.

Winter 2007

Asthmatic patients in turn were defined as those with two or more asthmatic episodes a year on average, in the previous three years,
with frequent beta-2-adrenergic and/or inhalatory steroid use.

Medical

STUDY

Mucosal inflammation index


100 %
98 %
96 %
94 %
92 %
90 %
88 %
86 %
84 %
82 %
80 %
Respiratory
alterations

Digestive
alterations

Genitourinary
alterations
(in women)

Chronic diarrhea was defined as two or more daily depositions, with diarrheic consistency on one or more occasions all with
colic type abdominal pain.
Constipation was defined as an absence of bowel movement for over 48 hours, with hard stools and a large fecal bolus.
Vulvovaginitis was described as an episode of vaginal secretion, itching or inflammation of the skin of the vulva and vaginal
mucosa.
Urinary infection in turn was considered for those patients presenting at least one episode of clinical signs and symptoms of urinary
infection and positive urine culture for a microorganism known to cause such disorders (bacterial count: 100,000 CFUs or more).
Likewise, 100% had clinical manifestations of the gastrointestinal mucosa. These manifestations may or may not correspond to
allergic physiopathological processes of the membranes. Many of these patients presented clinical signs and symptoms of gastritis
in the presence of acute respiratory infection (ARI); 5 of them presented gastric ulcer as established at endoscopy, coinciding with
an acute episode of viral respiratory infection.
On the other hand, 61.9% of the female patients, regardless of age, showed clinical alterations of these mucosae, manifesting as
vulvovaginitis and/or urinary infection.

CONCLUSION

Winter 2007

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

The selected allergic patients with clinical manifestations of the respiratory tract were seen to possibly present simultaneous alterations
of the gastrointestinal and/or genitourinary mucosal membranes.

DISCUSSION
The following syndromic manifestations simultaneously affect the mucosal membranes of the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal
and/or genitourinary tracts, and partially or completely confirm the different clinical manifestations of MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION SYNDROME, as described for the first time in the present article. These observations were made in allergic outpatients
or allergic individuals admitted to hospital, and their detection merits attention and sensitivity on the part of the supervising physician.
1. Girls with sinusitis and/or allergic rhinitis and/or pharyngitis, with concomitant vaginitis. Eventual ascending urinary tract infection.
2. Nursing infant (age under 3 months) with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) (or underlying gastroenteritis) and nasal congestion
(noisy nasal breathing) this latter symptom often being observed before manifestations of GERD become apparent.

3. Rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma.

Medical

STUDY

4. Upper respiratory tract allergy and esophago-gastroduodenitis.


5. Acute viral respiratory tract infection and gastritis and/or exacerbation of gastritis.
6. Immediate recurrence of GERD (or underlying gastroenteritis), associated with acute viral respiratory infections.
7. Sinusitis and soft stools with mucus and sometimes of a foul-smelling nature, in children under three years of age.
8. Acute viral respiratory tract infections with soft stools, and sometimes diarrhea.
9. Concurrence of tonsillitis with right iliac fossa pain simulating appendicitis or diffuse abdominal pain.
10. Viral respiratory infections and so-called mesenteric adenitis (diffuse abdominal pain concomitant to viral respiratory infection).
11. GERD (or underlying gastroenteritis) and chronic cough and/or asthma.
12. GERD and recurrent airway infections.
13. Geographic tongue and manifestations of upper respiratory allergy and/or gastroduodenitis.
14. Reappearance of geographic tongue with acute viral respiratory infections.
15. Posterior laryngitis (edema, leveling and erythema of the inter-arytenoid mucosa) and edema of Reinke (vocal cord edema),
associated with GERD.
16. Urinary infection and/or vulvovaginitis associated with constipation.
17. Urinary infection and/or vulvovaginitis associated with allergic enteropathy.
18. Endometriosis in allergic women and allergic enteropathy and/or constipation.
19. While GERD of the nursing infant (generally under 6 months of age) reflects gastrointestinal mucosal disorders, it has been
seen to exacerbate if the mother consumes dairy products, suffers inflammatory enteric disease (constipation, diarrhea), asthma
crises, or acute viral respiratory infections.

7
The medical literature reports the partial concurrence of these manifestations:
77% of the adult asthmatic population experience symptoms of GERD.1
43% of asthmatic patients subjected to digestive tract endoscopy present esophagitis or Barretts esophagus.2
20% of children with rhinitis develop asthma.3
50% of children with asthma develop rhinitis.4
Marked association of sinusitis, asthma, laryngitis, pneumonia and bronchiectasia in patients with GERD (patients aged 2-18 years).5
Clinical association of tonsillitis and right iliac fossa pain simulating acute appendicitis (involving patients needlessly subjected
to appendectomy).6 The importance of focusing attention on the global involvement of the mucosal membranes in a given
patient is that the diagnostic and management approach should be holistic and individualized.
A lack of response to treatment on the part of pathology related to a given mucosal membrane in the context of allergic disease is seen
on a daily basis in medical practice when necessary attention is not focused on other simultaneously affected mucosal membranes. The
following may serve as examples:
1. A lack of surgical intervention to correct important adenoid hypertrophy implies frequent respiratory infections (viral, otitis,
sinusitis).

4. A lack of response in allergic patients with uncontrolled rhinitis.


5. Persistent asthma due to undiagnosed bacterial sinusitis.
6. Persistence of vaginal secretion and/or urinary infections in patients with constipation or allergic enteropathy.
In order to begin to modify old paradigms, allergic disease seen from this perspective would not be exclusive to the different subspecialties, determined by the affected body organ. In effect, such conditions could be treated by all physicians, regardless of their
specialty, provided thorough knowledge is gained in all spheres where allergy as a systemic disorder produces its devastating effects.
Neglect in this context would be a sign of incompetence.

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

3. Acute respiratory infections and the presence of GERD (or underlying gastroenteritis).

Winter 2007

2. Torpid course of asthma in patients with uncontrolled GERD (or underlying gastroenteritis).

Medical

STUDY

As an example, an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist could not treat rhinitis if the intestinal alterations are not first dealt with.
Gynecologists or urologists likewise would not be able to treat a large percentage of cases of vulvovaginitis and urinary tract infections
without first treating the respiratory allergies and intestinal disorders. In turn, pneumologists would not diagnose gastritis if not
intentionally explored. The same considerations apply to the other medical specialties that deal with allergic processes.
This clinical approach involving physiopathological dependency of the mucosae in allergic disease would fully reorientate the current
treatment established by conventional medicine; each mucosal membrane deals with somewhat different immunological information,
though with crossed immune data among different membranes. As an example, a food allergen can produce digestive tract and
respiratory symptoms at the same time.7
Food allergies can coincide with allergy produced by aeroallergens in up to 70% of cases8, which increases the possibility of crossreactions between foods with aeroallergens. This data implicates the intestine as an important antigen generating source a fact that
must be taken into account when treating an allergic patient, regardless of where the allergic process manifests. It is our experience
that once a patient starts a correct diet, with good intestinal hygiene and environmental control, allergic processes largely disappear.
Another mistake in medical practice is to consider these symptoms as a disease. Such manifestations are actually symptoms or signs
of allergic disease, and the correct diagnosis of an allergic patient should be based on the following premises: allergic disease with
manifestations of esophagitis, gastritis, rhinitis, asthma, vulvovaginitis, etc. The practice of considering an organ isolatedly from the
rest of the organism fails to take into account that the mucosal membranes share immunological information, and that alterations
of one membrane can affect others.
Lastly, another aspect that deserves mention on the basis of the findings of the present study is that ascending urinary tract infection
and vulvovaginitis may be related to alterations of nearby mucosal membranes such as constipation or allergic enteropathy or
more distant mucosae, such as in the case of allergic rhinosinusitis. A number of studies already mention allergic disease as a cause
of vulvovaginitis9, and even establish a relation to dust mite allergy.10 In my opinion, this problem is very common, though the
medical literature does not yet report the situation as such.
It is hoped that the present study may serve as motivation for investigators to clarify the prevalence of this syndrome in allergic
disease, to establish a new definition for the latter, and to explore the association between allergic pathology and other mucosal
disorders such as GERD in the adult, vesicoureteral reflux, interstitial cystitis in the adult, constipation and endometriosis.
As a general conclusion, I am of the opinion that a clinical syndrome exists in allergic disease, which from the physiopathological
perspective may partially or fully implicate the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and that the medical literature has not yet recognized its relevance.

The scientific bases explaining the physiopathology of mucosal inflammation syndrome in allergic disease are based on the new
concept of modern psycho-neuro-endocrino-immunology, which we hope to develop in the following issue pending publication.
The latest publications referring to allergies only view rhinitis and asthma as manifestations of one same process. The corroboration
by other investigators of the simultaneous involvement of the mucosal membranes in the allergic patient would help confirm a
new definition of allergic disease, and thus also promote a new approach to management.
REFERENCES
1. Field SK, Underwood M, Brant R, Cowie RL: Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in asthma. Chest 1996;109:31622.
2. Sontag SJ, Schnell TG, Miller TQ, Khandelwal S, OConnell S, Chejfec G, et al.: Prevalence of oesophagitis in asthmatics. Gut. 1992;33:8726.
3. Linna O, Kokkonen J, Lukin M. A ten years prognosis for childhood allergic rhinitis. Acta paediatr. 1992;81:100-2.
4. Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:133-8.
5. El-Serag HB, Gilger M, Kuebeler M, Rabeneck L. Extraesophageal associations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children without neurologic defects. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:1294-9.
6. Lessin M, Manesh A, et al. Tonsil Tummy Tumult. Clinical Pediatrics. 2002;41:125-6.
7. Bjornsson E, Janson C, Plaschke P, Norrman E, Sjberg O. Prevalence of sensitization to food allergens in adult Swedes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996;77:327-32.
8. Schfer T, Bhler E, Ruhdorfer S, Weigl L, Wessner D, Heinrich J, Filipiak B, Wichmann H.-E, Ring J. Epidemiology of food allergy/food intolerance in adults: associations with other
manifestations of atopy. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001;56:1172-9.
9. Haefner, H. Current evaluation and management of vulvovaginitis. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999;42:184-95.

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Journal of Biomedical Therapy

10. Moraes PSA. Allergic vulvovaginitis induced by house mites: A case report. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 1998;101(4):557-8.

Medical

SUMMARIES

Antiviral activity of Engystol: an in vitro analysis


By Oberbaum M, Glatthaar-Saalmller B, Stolt P, Weiser M.
Reprint from J Altern Compl Med 2005;11(5):855-62.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To study the effects of the homeopathic preparation Engystol


(Biologische Heilmittel HEEL GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany) on a panel of
human pathogenic viruses in vitro.
Design: The effects of Engystol were studied using plaque-reduction assays and virus
titration assays, and by quantification of newly synthesized viral proteins in virus-specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISAs).
Subjects: The DNA viruses Adeno 5 and herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1), the RNA virus respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV), and human rhinovirus (HRV)
Results: A 73% reduction of Adeno 5 specific proteins and an 80% reduction in HSV-1 specific proteins were
observed in ELISAs of virus-infected cells treated with Engystol after infection. The effects appeared to be dosedependent. With these viruses, similar results were observed in titration assays of viral offspring from cells treated with Engystol. Pretreatment of adenovirus with Engystol did not inhibit the infectivity of the virus suspension
and no Engystol-induced stimulation of interferon- could be observed. Plaque-reduction assays with the RNA
viruses, RSV and HRV, showed reductions in infectivity by 37% (RSV) and 20% (HRV), respectively.
Conclusions: The results indicate antiviral activity of Engystol independent of the activation of the cellular interferon system.

A complex homeopathic preparation for the symptomatic


treatment of upper respiratory infections associated with the
common cold: an observational study

By Schmiedel V and Klein P.


Reprint from Explore 2006;2:109-14.

ABSTRACT

Background: The use of complementary medicines is large and growing in both the
United States and Europe.
Objective: To compare the effects of a complex homeopathic preparation (Engystol; Heel
GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany) with those of conventional therapies with antihistamines, antitussives, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on upper respiratory
symptoms of the common cold in a setting closely related to everyday clinical practice.
Design: Nonrandomized, observational study over a treatment period of maximally two weeks.
Setting: Eighty-five general and homeopathic practices in Germany.

Main outcome measures: The effects of treatment were evaluated on the variables fatigue, sensation of illness,
chill/tremor, aching joints, overall severity of illness, sum of all clinical variables, temperature and time to symptomatic improvement.
Results: Both treatment regimens provided significant symptomatic relief, and the homeopathic treatment was
noninferior in a noninferiority analysis. Significantly more patients (P <0.05) using Engystol-based therapy
reported improvement within 3 days (77.1% vs. 61.7% for the control group). No adverse events were reported
in any of the treatment groups.
Conclusion: This homeopathic treatment may be a useful component of an integrated symptomatic therapy for
the common cold in patients and practitioners choosing an integrative approach to medical care.

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

Interventions: Engystol-based therapy or common over-the-counter treatments for the common cold. Patients
receiving this homeopathic treatment were allowed other short-term medications, but long-term use of analgesics,
antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents was not permitted. Patients were allowed non-pharmacological therapies
such as vitamins, thermotherapies and others.

Winter 2007

Participants: Three hundred ninety-seven patients with upper respiratory symptoms of the common cold.

Case

STUDY

Gentle alternative
to NSAIDs
Hip surgery avoided
While experts had previously assumed there were five million arthrosis sufferers in Germany, a study published in
October 2005 estimates that about 30 million people in the Federal Republic of Germany have arthrosis. A survey conducted among 3,360 citizens of Herne over a period of 40 years had revealed that well over half of the surveyed sample
(57 percent) suffered from acute joint disorders. 68 percent had to cope with pain during the previous month and 71
percent in the previous year. Although elderly persons are more affected, the number of young people with cartilage
damage is also considerable. The Herne arthrosis study revealed that 52.3 percent of 40 to 49-year-olds were suffering
from joint pain. Other surveys suggest that four percent of 20-year-olds are affected. A treatment capable of reversing
cartilage wear is not in prospect. Despite considerable advances in the field of artificial joints, this solution must continue to be regarded as the last resort and an option that should be delayed as long as possible, at least in younger
patients. The main aim of arthrosis treatment is therefore to relieve the pain. Another important aim is to preserve the
mobility of the joint and halt or at least delay the progression of the cartilage damage. A wide range of products are
available for the treatment of arthrosis-induced pain, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) accounting
for the great majority of medical prescriptions. However, NSAIDs can have undesirable effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, making the use of these medications over prolonged periods a problem. This also applies to the newer
COX-2 inhibitors. Alternatives offering a more favorable side effect profile are therefore of great importance for the
treatment of arthrosis.
As an example of an alternative therapeutic option, general practitioner Christian W. Engelbert describes the case of a now
47-year-old office worker who attended his practice with severe hip pain in 1997. This patient, who engaged in sports
and was a keen tennis player, had been suffering from recurrent back pain for 25 years. Chronic complaints in the right
hip had worsened considerably in April 1997. Pain was present both at rest and during movement, but especially during
sporting activity, and competitive sport was no longer possible. NSAIDs (diclofenac up to 150 mg/day) and other analgesics
(paracetamol, aspirin, etc.) were insufficiently effective. Furthermore, NSAIDs gave rise to upper abdominal complaints and
heartburn. The X-ray taken by the orthopedist consulted revealed severe right-sided coxarthrosis and incipient arthrotic
lesions in the left hip. This specialist recommended, the then 39-year-old, a high-dose NSAID treatment and a total hip
replacement. A date for surgery was scheduled.

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Winter 2007

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

In searching for an alternative therapeutic option, the patient finally consulted the general practitioner who used complementary medical methods. Besides a limping gait, Engelbert diagnosed atrophy of the gluteal and femoral muscles.
Trendelenburgs sign, Duchennes sign and Drehmanns sign were positive, and mobility of internal and external rotation was impaired. Trigger points were identified on the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and piriform muscles. The
spinal extensor muscles showed indurations and myogeloses. The general practitioner immediately initiated treatment
with periarticular injection of the homeopathic combination preparation Zeel comp. N (2 ampoules twice weekly over 6
weeks). He also administered Zeel tablets orally (3 tablets twice daily over 2 weeks). The treatment was supplemented
by five sessions of ear acupuncture. During the course of therapy, Engelbert injected the homeopathic preparation at the
trigger points and at regional acupuncture points like Gallbladder 30. Additional distal point injections of Zeel and
Traumeel S were given at various points (Bladder 40, Gallbladder 35, and Bladder 60) once weekly over 4 weeks. After
6 weeks, the treatment was reduced to 3 tablets of Zeel comp. N daily.
Pain relief was experienced 2 weeks after the start of therapy, and an improvement in the gait pattern was observed after
4 weeks. After 8 weeks, the patient was again capable of completing longer training sessions (tennis). In summer 1997,
the passionate tennis player was again winning the first league games with his team. Directly following the acute treatment, the patient continued taking Zeel comp. N tablets orally. He also received several series of Zeel injections. The
treatment was rounded off with muscle building training and relaxation exercises and an annual series of 10 sessions of
body acupuncture.
The patient still practices sports today and plays league games on a tennis team. His hip mobility is slightly restricted.
The impairment of internal and external rotation has increased slightly in the last 9 years. The patient is pain-free and
there is no muscle atrophy. A radiographic examination in 2006 revealed a slight increase in the signs of arthrosis.
The treating physician sums up this case as follows: despite an indication for total right hip replacement diagnosed by
2 orthopedists, an alternative therapeutic approach based on the homeopathic combination preparation Zeel comp. N
(long-term oral administration and injection) has made it possible to avoid surgical intervention to the present day without
the patient experiencing any impairment of his sporting performance.

Practical detoxification
and drainage

In Your

PRACTICE

by the Medical Writer

Facts about toxins:


1. We are surrounded by toxins, and there is no place on earth that is safe anymore.
2. These toxins can enter the body, and if not metabolized and eliminated, they can stay in the body for years in compartments that are relatively poorly perfused, like the fat tissue and the connective tissue.
3. These toxins can have detrimental effects in the body, even if present in minute amounts over many years.
4. The human body, being a complex organism, has developed sophisticated mechanisms to sequester, metabolize and
eliminate these toxins, through the actions of certain organs.
5. Toxins follow simple toxicokinetics and diffuse over several membranes as well as bind to plasma proteins. This will
determine the rate at which they enter the body and certain tissue compartments, and also the rate at which they are
removed from these compartments.
6. The organs of elimination can be less efficient through disease and overload, or, through the lack of vital cofactors needed
for the proper functioning of enzymes.
7. The body, being an open flow system, will deal with toxins as depicted in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1

Exposure

Absorption at the
portals of entry

11

Distribution of the body

Metabolism to more
toxic metabolites

Metabolism to more
toxic metabolites

Excretion

Metabolism to more
toxic metabolites

Interaction with macromolecules


(proteins, DNA, receptors)

Turnover
and repair

Some toxins can be endocrine disruptors, cause immune dysfunction and, in the worst scenario, act as carcinogenic substances.
Due to the wide distribution of toxins in the environment, our fast lifestyle with modern malnutrition and toxic food,
as well as the increase in psychological stress (which secretes hormones that can influence the detoxification process),
the need for detoxification and drainage exists in every patient.
To understand how to go about detoxification, we need to address how toxins enter and leave the body. Basically toxins
need to diffuse over several membranes, to reach different compartments when they enter the body, and must go
through those compartments once again when they exit the body (see Figure 2).

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

It should be clear from the above that toxins stored in the body or toxins which are not eliminated will be detrimental
for various reasons. Toxins can have a wide range of effects, such as fatigue, brain fog, concentration loss, but also other
manifestations such as the so-called chloracne which is caused by halogenated toxins.

Winter 2007

Toxic effects: genetic, carcinogenic, immunologic

In Your

PRACTICE

FIGURE 2

Membranes a chemical may have to cross to target organ


Adapted from: Hodgson E. Textbook of Modern Toxicology

Environment

Interstitial fluid

Mucosa
or skin

Intracellular fluid

Plasma

Capillary
membrane

Interstitial fluid

Capillary
membrane

Target cell
membrane

Intra-organelle fluid
(mitochondria, liposome, nucleus)

Sub-cellular
organelle membrane
Most toxins reach the compartments by passive diffusion over semipermeable membranes. This means that the concentration
of the toxin will be equal on both sides of the membrane, if the toxin is not bound to certain structures. Toxins are
carried from the point of absorption to the organs of elimination and metabolization, in the blood, and therefore it
means that our therapeutic goal is to reduce the concentration of toxins in the blood so that the toxins can start to diffuse
back into the bloodstream from the storage compartments. For this reason, we put the patient on a nontoxic diet, give
a lot of fluids during the detoxification period, and also proactively stop the supply of toxins, such as inhalants, alcohol
and other toxins. In other cases, the toxins are bound to proteins and also to SH groups in the cell and in the matrix.
We often then have to stimulate the release of the toxin from these molecules. This is an active process and needs support.

12

Winter 2007

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

To get the body to free itself of toxins, we need to support the organs which metabolize harmful substances, support the
function of the organs which store toxins (such as the matrix) and lastly we also have to stimulate elimination from these
organs. It is important to note that once stored toxins are released, they often have not completed their metabolism, and
therefore still need to be made water soluble in the liver before becoming excreted in the kidney and other organs.
Important to note also is the kinetics of toxins stored in the different compartments. The organs which are well perfused,
such as the internal organs, will be relatively quickly cleared of toxins, but the compartments which are poorly perfused
like the matrix, the fat tissue and bone will have a slower release. This means that there are two waves of drainage when
we start to stimulate detoxification. The practical implication is that we have to detoxify and drain until the slower compartment has been cleared as well. This can take months in very toxic patients. If the stored toxins are released too rapidly,
all at once, or if the liver and other metabolizing and eliminating organs are overloaded or not functioning properly, the
released toxins will diffuse into the blood, but cannot be excreted. They will thus circulate in the bloodstream until they
find a compartment where the concentration is less than in the blood and then diffuse into this compartment. The crux
is that in this way, toxins are merely shifted from point A to B.
This is not such a problem in well persons or patients with mild toxicity, but in patients with severe toxicity it may have
repercussions, such as heavy metals now entering the brain from where it is extremely difficult to remove them.
Especially in patients whose organs of elimination are not functioning properly or are burdened by disease or with other
toxins (such as seen in patients on chemotherapy), this needs to be considered. In these patients, we need to support the
organs of detoxification and elimination first before we actually drain the tissues.
It is also important to note that the process of detoxification and drainage puts a severe burden on the body, and thus
with very frail and sick patients it can put another burden on the body. In these patients, detoxification is often done as
a later event, when the patient has received other medications to support the body. Detoxification and drainage also
requires energy, and therefore homeopathic catalysts are a standard addition to more strenuous detoxification programs,
apart from the fact that they also play a role in cellular detoxification.

In Your

PRACTICE

PRACTICAL DETOXIFICATION
Detoxification and drainage requirements are different in different patients. Some people deal well with toxins, while others,
through genetics or illness are less well equipped to cope with toxins. The practical detoxification and drainage will be different in
various groups of patients.
The healthy person who wants to clean his tissues and optimize the drainage of toxins can detoxify more aggressively than the
person who has a special medical condition. Patients with disease processes classified on the right of the biological division (according
to the Six-Phase Table), will need a more gentle approach and a longer period of detoxification and drainage, as do patients in the
following groups:
a. The cancer patient on active treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy
b. The older patient
c. The obese patient with metabolic disease
d. The patient with impairment of the elimination organs, such as the liver or the kidneys
e. The patient who had severe drug addiction in the past. It is important to get the patient history, as patients like this can
store metabolites of drugs such as LSD for years

TOOLS FOR DETOXIFICATION AND DRAINAGE


The 4S treatment:
STOP external supply of toxins
SUPPORT the organs of detoxification and drainage
STIMULATE elimination of toxins
SENSITIZE the patient to further detoxification and lifestyle changes

13

The first and the last points entail the cooperation and motivation of the patient, whereas the latter needs to be given by the practitioner. We thus distinguish between medications which support the organs of detoxification and drainage, and the medications
which stimulate elimination. For each organ there is a product which will support the tissues; these are mostly compositum preparations which also contain tissue extracts and often catalysts and then there are basic preparations which are combinations of plant
materials and also minerals. These support the function of the detoxification organs and also in many cases, increase the drainage
of the toxins out of the tissues.

PRACTICAL DETOXIFICATION: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS


During detoxification, we want to support the liver, gut and kidney and drain the matrix and other tissues of toxins. To do this, we
use preparations that come in drop form: 30 drops of each can be added to a bottle of water (0.75-1.5 L) to be taken over the day.
This is thus a convenient method to deliver the medications. In some countries, these three products (Nux vomica-Homaccord,
Berberis-Homaccord and Lymphomyosot) are combined as a kit called the Detox-Kit. In most patients (with mild to moderate toxicity),
the three products can be given together right from the start of therapy.
Nux vomica-Homaccord supports the liver and the gut. As with most Homaccords, this medication is also functiotropic to the liver
and gut, which means that it will improve the function of these organs.

Galium-Heel is a medication which is sometimes given for a while before changing to Lymphomyosot. Due to the constituents of
Galium-Heel, it is believed to also cleanse the cellular structures. It is often used in patients who had a lot of suppressive treatments,
but also in patients over 40 years of age who, in general, have a higher toxin load than younger people. Galium-Heel is especially useful
in patients who are non-reactive, thus patients who do not ever mount a fever and are in TH 2 rigidity. It should be used with
caution in younger children and in patients who are very reactive as it can induce fever and a fast detoxification in these patients.

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

Lymphomyosot (Lyphosot) has been designed to be a drainage remedy, and should not be used initially in the case of severe toxicity,
or if the liver and kidneys are overloaded; thus, the advanced detoxification should be used first. It has several components which will
help drain the tissues of the various organs. It is thus a universal drainage remedy and can also be used in the case of disease of the
lymphoid organs. Lymphomyosot also has been studied in cases of diabetic neuropathy where it was seen to be as effective as alpha
lipoic acid infusions, which are currently the treatment of choice for diabetic polyneuropathy. The postulation was that
Lymphomyosot will drain the so-called Advanced Glycosylation End products (AGEs) in the matrix of these patients and thereby
reduce the inflammatory potential around the nerves. The actions of the various constituents of Lymphomysot are depicted in Figure 3.

Winter 2007

Berberis-Homaccord has the same effect as above, but is more functiotropic for the kidney; however, it also has an action on the liver
and gallbladder.

In Your

PRACTICE

FIGURE 3

Lymphomyosot

Lymphatic system
and the Matrix
Pinus silvestris
Scrophularia
Levothyroxinum
Calcium phosph.
Juglans regia
Ferrum jodatum

Respiratory tract
Myosotis arvensis
Teucrium
Natrium sulfuricum
Nasturtium officinale

Lymphomyosot

Liver and gut


Fumaria officinalis
Geranium robertianum
Gentiana latea

Urinary tract
Sarsaparilla
Equisetum

In general, Galium-Heel is then followed-up with Lymphomyosot after a period of time, generally 4 to 6 weeks. Galium-Heel and
Lymphomyosot should not be used at the same time.

14

Often, Coenzyme compositum oral vials or tablets or Ubicoenzyme drops are given together with the Detox-Kit. The catalysts are
used mainly to support the Krebs cycle, and also to detoxify the cellular structures. This makes the detoxification and drainage quite
complete. Ubicoenzyme drops may be added to the bottle of water, along with the Detox-Kit. See Figure 4 for more details on dosages.
The symptoms of detoxification and drainage can vary from patient to patient. Most patients start with a diuresis, or water loss, while
others may drain preliminarily through the gut, with slight diarrhea and loose stools. The color of the urine and stools may also
change. Some patients will use the skin and the lungs to detoxify, which manifests as tachypnea in the lung, or expectoration, and in
the skin as an increase in sweat with odor or mild rashes. If symptoms like headache with nausea and dizziness, or myalgia or arthralgia
(sore muscles or joint pain), or severe fatigue appear, it means that the detoxification and drainage should take place at a slower pace.
In this case, the patient is mobilizing toxins which are not metabolized or excreted with the result that the toxins are deposited in other
compartments, such as the brain, or the connective tissue. In these cases, it is better to give the medications consecutively, meaning
that Nux vomica-Homaccord should be used first, then Berberis-Homaccord and then only Lymphomyosot/Lyphosot. If this is very
severe, then switch to the advanced detox first for a few weeks and then again to the basic Detox-Kit.

Winter 2007

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

THE GENERAL ADVANCED DETOXIFICATION AND SUPPORT


The purpose of this is to support the organs of detoxification, especially in patients with a high toxic burden, or in patients where
the organs of detoxification and drainage are not functioning optimally. This is also true for patients who are debilitated and the
patients in the special groups. In these patients, it is very important not to increase the load of toxins too early, as they often already
have genotoxic effects of toxins or active cancer. For instance, if a patient with breast cancer is highly contaminated with DDT,
which is an estrogenic-like substance, it can act as a promoter for the cancer. Experiments with ovarectomized mice have shown
that the mice can develop breast cancer if they are intoxicated with DDT, then ovarectomized so that there is no internal source of
estrogens. The mice then develop breast cancer from the release of DDT from the tissues.
It is thus wise to go slow in patients with decreased detox ability, or high loads of toxins. Fasting should be avoided in most patients
for this reason as fasting causes a very quick release of toxins from the storage compartments into the bloodstream due to the fact
that there are no immediate toxins coming in from the food, and the elimination and detox organs will then turn their attention
to older stored toxins which may then be released in large amounts at once. This is even more dangerous in obese patients who
have a large reservoir of stored toxins such as the organochlorides in the fat tissue.
The advanced detox products aim to support the major organs of detoxification and drainage. These products are mostly compositum
preparations, which implies that they have a special formulation with plant and mineral material, but also contain organ extracts of
the specific target organs, or tissues which will support the target organs, as well as catalysts and sometimes vitamins in dilution.

FIGURE 4

Targeted organ

Basic support of detox


organs and strong
stimulation of elimination

Liver
Kidney

Nux vomica-Homaccord

Hepar compositum

Berberis-Homaccord

Solidago compositum or
Berberis-Homaccord

Matrix

Lymphomyosot (Lyphosot)
or Galium-Heel

Thyreoidea compositum
or Funiculus umbilicalis suis-Injeel
or Pulsatilla compositum

Cell

Coenzyme compositum
or Ubicoenzyme

Ubichinon compositum and


Coenzyme compositum (or
Ubicoenzyme) or Glyoxal
compositum

Duration of use

Use for 6 weeks. However, use


for 12 weeks in patients who
have had the advanced
support first.

Use for 6 weeks before the


basic support

Dosage

10 drops or 1 tablet of each product 3 times per day or


1 oral vial 3 times per week.

In Your

PRACTICE

Advanced support of
detox organs and mild
stimulation of elimination

The plant material is in a low dilution and has a homeophytotherapeutic effect, while the minerals, catalysts and organ extracts
occur in stimulatory concentrations. These concentrations are the same as in many of the bodys internal messengers such as neurotransmitters and cytokines are present. As every product is designed to target a different organ, the body will not be overloaded
since we are not actively draining in the advanced detoxification protocol. Thus, all products may be administered together at once,
in some water. With low homeopathic dilutions, it is not necessary to wait between the administration of each product. A summary
of the various medications is given in Figure 4.

15

The catalysts play a specifically important role here, and are added to detoxify cellular structures. The action of Glyoxal compositum is thought to be deeper than that of Ubichinon compositum (or Ubicoenzyme). Dr. Hans-Heinrich Reckeweg already postulated that these products have a deep cleansing effect. Glyoxal compositum is used in patients who have a severe cellular toxicity,
such as cancer patients. It is used over longer intervals, together with Ubichinon compositum and Coenzyme compositum (or
Ubicoenzyme). For instance, Glyoxal compositum can be given once per week for 6 weeks together with the other catalysts with
a break of several months in between and then used again.
Thyreoidea compositum or Funiculus umbilicalis suis-Injeel (when Thyreoidea compositum is not available) is used to activate the
matrix and Pulsatilla compositum is especially useful when a patient has been on cortisone.
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5. Carson, Rachel. The silent Spring, Greenwich (Connecticut) 1962.
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13. Poirier LA and Vlasova JT. The prospective role of abnormal methyl metabolism in cadmium toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(suppl 5):793-5.
14. Welshons WV, et al. Large effects from small exposures. Mechanisms for endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity. Environ Health Perspect 2003;111:994-1006.
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16. Bigsby RM, Caperell-Grant A and Madhukar BV. Xenobiotics released from fat during fasting produce estrogenic effects in ovariectomized mice. Cancer Research 1997;57:865-9.

Journal of Biomedical Therapy

8. Hartwig A, et al. Interference by toxic metal ions with a DNA repair and cell cycle control. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(suppl 5):797-9.

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7. Gray LE, et al. Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate,
PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 1999;15:94-118.

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