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OPHTHALMOLOGYMNEMONICSFORMEDICALEXAMS

Keratoconus

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome

Use CONES

Use ICE

Central scarring and Fleischer ring

Iris Naevus

Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops)

Chandler Syndrome

Nerves prominent

Essential Iris Atrophy

Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze

(Munsons sign)
Striae (Vogts)

Behcet's Disease

Posterior Scleritis

Use ORAL UPSET

Use POST SCLER

Occlusive periphlebitis

Proptosis

Retinitis

Ophthalmoplegia

Anterior uveitis

Swelling of disc

Leakage from retinal vessels

Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign

(fluid in sub-Tenons space)

Ulceration (aphthous/genital)

Subretinal exudates

Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test)

Choroidal foLds

Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism)

Exudative RD

Erythema nodosum

Ring choroidal detachment

Thrombophlebitis

Causes of Choroidal neovascular membrane

with HAMMAR

Causes of trabecular pigmentation

with PIGMENT

Use HAMMAR

Use PIGMENT

Histoplasmosis

Pseudoexfoliation & Pigment dispersion

ARMD

syndrome

Multifocal Choroiditis

Iritis

Myopia

Glaucoma (Post angle closure

Angiod

Glaucoma)

Rupture of the choroid

Melanosis of angle (oculodermal

melanosis)
Endocrine (Diabetes & Addisons
Syndrome)

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Naevus (Cogan-reese syndrome)

Trauma

Sterilization in ophthalmology with

ABCDEFG

Ocular structures derived from

neuroectoderm with MORE

Use ABCDEFG

Use MORE

AUTOCLAVE

Muscles of pupil

BOILING

Optic Nerve

CHEMICALS like Alcohol (Rectified spirit),

Retina (with RPE)

Isopropyl alcohol/CIDEX: 2% Glutaraldehyde

Epithelium of Iris

DRY HEAT temperature of 150C is used for 90

Epithelium of Cilliary Body

minutes
ETHYLENE OXIDE for sterilization of IOL etc.
FUMIGATION of operation theatre/ FORMALIN
vapour
GAMMA-IRRADIATION: Gamma rays from
Cobalt-60

Structures derived from surface ectoderm

Stromal dystrophies

Use S1-L2-E3

Use Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her

Man in LA City

Skin of Eyelids and its derivatives viz. cilia, tarsal

glands, conjunctival gland

Macular dystrophy
Mucopolysaccharide

Lens,

Alcian blue

Lacrimal Gland,
Epithelium of Conjunctiva,

Granular Dystrophy

Epithelium of Cornea,
Epithelium of lacrimal passage

Hyaline material
Masson's Trichrome
Lattice Dystrophy
Amyloid
Congo Red

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OPHTHALMOLOGYMNEMONICSFORMEDICALEXAMS

Drugs causing cataract with ABCD

Causes of Monocular diplopia

Use ABCD

Use ABCD

Amiodarone

Astigmatism

Busulphan

Behavioral: psychogenic

Chlorpromazine

Cataract

Dexamethasone

Dislocated lens

Microtropia with 3 A

Refractive indices of ocular media

Use 3 A

Use 8303 (from anterior to

posterior)

Anisometropia
Angle small

Cornea 1.38

Absent central field (Central suppression

Aq humour 1.33

scotoma)

Lens 1.40
Vit humour 1.33

Types of colorblindness with TuB PaR DoG

Causes of lid retraction with 4 MP

Use TuB PaR DoG

Use 4 MP

TRITANOPIA = BLUE

4M= Marcus Gunn jaw winking

PROTANOPES = RED

syndrome,Myotonic causes like

DEUTERANOPES= GREEN

dystrophia myotonica.Metabolic causes

like uraemia,cirrhosis
4P=Parinaud's syndrome,Parkinson's
Disease/Progressive supranuclear
palsy,Palsy (aberrant III cranial nerve
regeneration)

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Content & veins draining the Cavernous

Sinus with Rule of 3

Causes of pseudotumor cerebri with

" Idiopathic IDEA"

Use Rule of 3

Use " Idiopathic IDEA"

3 Afferent veins: Sphenoparietal sinus (Vault

Idiopathic

veins), Supf Middle cerebral Vein (Brain),

Ophthalmic vein (Orbit)

Infections-Otitis media,mastoiditis,viral

3 Efferent Veins: Superior petrosal sinus, Inferior

infections etc

Petrosal Sinus, Communicating vein to pterygoid

plexus

Drugs-Steroid withdrawal,Vitamin A

3 Contents; Cranial Nerves (III,IV, V1,V2 & VI)

intoxication,Nalidixic

3 Areas Drain into it: Vault Bones, Brain

acid,amiodarone,cyclosporine,minocycli

(Cerebral Hemisphere), Orbit

ne

3 Nerves: Motor(III,IV,VI),Sensory (V1,V2),

Sympathetic

Endocrine-obese,amenorrheic women of
childbearing age, Hypoparathyroidism
Anaemia

Causes of downbeat nystagmus with

DoWNBEAT

Characteristics of congenital
nystagmus with CONGENITAL

Use DoWNBEAT

Use CONGENITAL

Degeneration,Demyelination or Drugs (Lithium)

Convergence & eye closure dampens

Wernicke's Encephalopathy

Oscillopsia absent

Neoplasm or paraneoplastic cerebellar

Null zone that is present,increases

degeneration

foveation time which results in

increased acuity

Brainstem disease (Syringomyelia)

Gaze position does not change the
Encephalitis

horizontal direction of nystagmus

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Equal amplitude and frequency in each

eye

Trauma or Toxin
Near acuity is good

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Inversion of optokinetic response

Turning of head to acheive null point
Abolishes in sleep
Latent (occlusion) nystagmus occurs

"DWARF" for describing Nystagmus

Characteristics of Parinaud's Dorsal

Midbrain Syndrome with "CLUES"

Use "DWARF"

"CLUES"

Direction=plane of movement-horizontal,vertical

Convergence retraction nystagmus

Waveform= Pendular or Jerky

Light Near Dissociation

Amplitude= fine or coarse

Upgaze paralysis

Rest=At primary position or gaze evolked

Eyelid retraction

Frequency= How often the eye moves

Skew deviation

Ocular features of acromegaly with ACROM

Systemic features of Marfan

syndrome with MARFANS

Use ACROM

Use MARFANS

Angioid streaks

Mitral prolapse

Chiasmal syndrome

Aortic dissection

Retinopathy

Regurgitant aortic valve

Optic atrophy,papilloedema

Fingers long (arachnodactyly)

Muscle enlargement

Arm span>height
Nasal voice (high arched palate)

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OPHTHALMOLOGYMNEMONICSFORMEDICALEXAMS

Sternal excavation

Ocular features of Marfans syndrome with

CLUMPS

Angle structures with "I Can See

Till Schwalbe's Line"

Use CLUMPS

Use "I Can See Till Schwalbe's Line"

Cupping (glaucoma)

Iris root

Lattice

Ciliary Body

Upward lens subluxation

Scleral spur

Myopia

Trabecular Meshwork

Cornea Plana

Schwalbe's Line

Sclera blue
MNEMONICS FROM OTHER IMPORTANT TOPICS:
Complications of FALCIPARUM

Clinical Features of Down Syndrome :

FALCIPARUM

SHIT-DOWN-SYNDROME

F-Fever(blackwater)

S- Short neck

A- ARDS

H- Hair thin

L-Low blood sugar

I- IQ level (20-75)

C-Cerebral malaria

T- Transient Leukemoid reaction

I-Infections

D- Duodenal Atresia

P-Pulmonary edema

O- Occiput Flat

A-Anemia

W- Wide Ulnar loop

R-Renal failure

S- Simian crease

U-Urine output decrease

Y- Yellow skin (jaundice)

M-Metabolic acidosis

N- No fertility
D- Delayed fontanelles closure
R- Rolling eye
O- Only male infertility, female fertile
M- Mentally ill
E- Epicanthic folds

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Sarcoidosis Clinical Findings :

Hyperprolactinemia Causes

Use SARCOIDOSIS

Use PROLACTINS

S- Skin findings (Erythema Nodosum, Plaques)

P- Pregnancy

A- Arrythmias

R- Reserpine

R- Renal stone

O- OCPs

C- Cranial Nerve Palsies

L- Lactation

O- Osteoporosis

A- Antidepressant Drugs

I- Interstitial Lung disease

C- Chronic Renal Failure

D- Diabetes Inspidus

T- Tumor of Pituitary

O- Ocular findings (Uveitis, Photophobia)

I- Idiopathic

S- Splenomegaly

N- Nipple Stimulation

I- Inguinal Lymph node enlargement

S- Stress

S- Stridor

Cushing Syndrome Clinical Features

Use MOONS HAPPENED
M- Moon Face
O- Obesity
O- Osteoporosis
N- Neurological Problems
S- Striae
H- Hirsutism , Hypertension
A- Acne
P- Plethora
P- Peptic Ulcer
E- Edema
N- No Sexual Desire (Libido,Impotence)
D- Diabetes Mellitus

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