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X-gal is an analog of lactose, and therefore may be hydrolyzed by the -galactosidase enzyme which cleaves the
-glycosidic bond in D-lactose. X-gal, when cleaved by
-galactosidase, yields galactose and 5-bromo-4-chloro3-hydroxyindole. The latter then spontaneously dimerizes and is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloroindigo, an intensely blue product which is insoluble. Xgal itself is colorless, the presence of blue-colored product therefore may be used as a test for the presence
of an active -galactosidase. This easy identication
of an active enzyme allows the gene for -galactosidase 1.2.1 Variants
(the lacZ gene) to be used as a reporter gene in various
X-gal has a number of variants, which are similar
applications.[3]
molecules with slight dierences serving mainly to produce colors other than blue as a signal.
1.1
Reaction
1.3 Protein-protein interactions
See also
X-Gluc
References
[1] Horwitz JP and 7 others, 1964. Substrates for cytochemical demonstration of enzyme activity. I. Some substituted 3-indolyl--D-glycopyranosides. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 7: 574-575.
[2] Kiernan JA 2007. Indigogenic substrates for detection
and localization of enzymes. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 82(2): 73-103.
[3] Sandhu, Sardul Singh (2010). Recombinant DNA Technology. I K International Publishing House. p. 116. ISBN
978-9380578446.
[4] 5-Bromo-3-indolyl -D-galactopyranoside. Retrieved 4
February 2014.
[5] Salmon-Gal - PubChem. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
[6] Purple-beta-D-Gal - PubChem. Retrieved 4 February
2014.
[7] 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl--D-glucopyranoside.
Retrieved 4 February 2014.
[8] Green--D-Gal - Biotium, Inc.. Retrieved 4 February
2014.
[9] 4-Methylumbelliferyl -D-galactopyranoside.
trieved 4 February 2014.
Re-
[10] Joung J, Ramm E, Pabo C (2000). A bacterial twohybrid selection system for studying protein-DNA and
protein-protein interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
97 (13): 73827. doi:10.1073/pnas.110149297. PMC
16554. PMID 10852947.
REFERENCES
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