Microsoft Mathematics Add-In

About Microsoft Mathematics Add-in
Microsoft Mathematics is a set of tools that you can use to perform mathematical operations on expressions or
equations in your Word documents and OneNote notebooks.
You can use the extensive collection of mathematical symbols and structures to display clearly formatted mathematical
expressions. You can also quickly insert commonly used expressions and math structures by using the Equation gallery.
You can use Microsoft Mathematics to perform the following tasks:
Compute standard mathematical functions, such as roots and logarithms
Compute trigonometric functions, such as sine and cosine
Find derivatives and integrals, limits, and sums and products of series
Perform matrix operations, such as inverses, addition, and multiplication
Perform operations on complex numbers
Plot 2D graphs in Cartesian and polar coordinates, and 3D graphs in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical
coordinates
Solve equations and inequalities
Calculate statistical functions, such as mode and variance, on lists of numbers
Factor polynomials or integers
Simplify or expand algebraic expressions
Related topics
About case sensitivity
About mathematical expressions and evaluation
Insert an equation or expression

Microsoft Mathematics is flexible in interpreting the mathematical expressions you enter. When you type an expression
and choose to Compute or Graph the expression, Microsoft Mathematics enables only the options that are valid for
your expression.
Microsoft Mathematics evaluates expressions and returns results or answers. The output or result is inserted in a new
Math Zone back into your document.
Related topics
About Microsoft Mathematics Add-in

With one important exception, Microsoft Mathematics tools are not case-sensitive. When you type the name of a
function, it does not matter whether you capitalize the name exactly as it is shown in the help examples. For example,
the function "tan" is the same as "Tan" or "TAN," and the constant that is named "e" is the same as "E."
The one exception applies to variables that you create. Microsoft Mathematics respects the case that you choose for
these variables, so that x and X are considered different variables. This case sensitivity affects graphing. Microsoft
Mathematics uses the lowercase variables x, y, z and ralong with a few othersin graphing. It does not use the
corresponding uppercase variable names X, Y, and Z, which are different variables and treated as constants in
graphing.
Related topics
Inserting an equation or expression

For Microsoft Mathematics to interpret and evaluate your mathematical expression, you must enter it into a region of
your document called the Math Zone. To create a Math Zone, place the cursor where you want to insert the Math
Zone, and then do one of the following:
On the Mathematics tab, click Equation.
On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click Equation.
Press Alt + = on the keyboard.
After you insert a Math Zone, you can type in your expression. You can use any of the following methods to enter a
mathematical expression:
Type directly into the Math Zone. You can use text, symbols, and Math AutoCorrect entries to input your
expression. Microsoft Word and OneNote automatically format parts of your input into mathematical notation. For
example, if you enter \int x^2 dx, it is automatically reformatted as xdx. For more information, search for
"Math AutoCorrect" in Word Help.
Use a preformatted building block expression. For more information, search for "Insert equation" in Word Help.
Use the Math Input Panel in Microsoft Windows 7.
Note
Expressions can't contain conditions. If the expression you enter includes conditions, for example vx, x > 5, Microsoft
Mathematics will return the message "Error in equation."
Related topics
Change the number field over which an expression is

evaluated
You can select to evaluate the functions, expressions, or equations over the real or complex number fields.
On the Mathematics tab, click either Real or Complex to select the corresponding number field.
Notes
Microsoft Mathematics can't solve certain equations if the incorrect number field is selected. For example, the
equation x + 1 = 0 doesn't have a solution over the real number field. Unless you choose the Complex number
field, Microsoft Mathematics displays a message that there are no solutions to the equation.
When you specify the Complex number field, radians are automatically set as the default angle measurement.
A graph can't be plotted when the Complex number field is selected.
Related topics
Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an expression
Specify the number of decimal places displayed in a result
Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an

expression
You can choose the unit that you want to use for angle measure when calculating trigonometric quantities. Radians are
the default unit of measurement.
On the Mathematics tab, click Radians, Degrees, or Gradians to select the unit of angular measurement.
Notes
When you change the unit of angular measurement, all subsequent calculations are performed using that unit of
angular measurement. The change does not affect any existing calculated results in your documents.
When you specify the Complex number field, radians are automatically set as the unit of angle measurement.
Radians must be used as the unit of angle measurement when you perform certain calculations on a trigonometric
function, such as calculating a derivative. You'll see a prompt to change the unit of angle measurement to radians
if it is set to degrees or gradians.
Related topics
Change the number field over which an expression is evaluated

You might want to limit the number of decimal places that are displayed in the result of your calculations.
On the Mathematics tab, click Decimal Places, and then choose between 0 and 13 decimal places.
If you choose Not Fixed, Microsoft Mathematics determines the number of decimal places to display when the
result is in numerical form.
Notes
When you change the number of displayed decimal places, all subsequent calculations use the selected number of
decimal places. The change does not affect any existing calculated results in your documents.
Microsoft Mathematics does not zero-pad whole numbers or decimal numbers with fewer than the selected number
of decimal places. For example, if you choose four decimal places, 5/4 is displayed as 1.25, not 1.2500.
Related topics
Change the number field over which an expression is evaluated
Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an expression
About plotting expressions and equations

You can plot functions or expressions such as sin(x) or and 3x + 4y. You can also plot equations such as y = 4x + 2
or z = rsin( ).
After you plot the expression or equation, you can change the display characteristics of the graph in the following ways:
Show or hide the axes
Show or hide the outer frame
Display the plot as a colored surface or wireframe
Change the proportion of the display or maximize the graph
Adjust the plotting range
Zoom in or out on the plot
Rotate around a plot axis (3D graphs only)
Trace a plot and freeze a trace (2D graphs only)
Adjust the size of the inserted graph by resizing the graph pop-up window
After you make changes to a graph, you can save it to your document as a picture. When you insert a graph, any
changes you make to the source expression are not reflected in the graph. However, you can update how an existing
graph is displayed.
Generally, when you plot a single-variable function in 3D, the value along one of the dimensions is held constant, and
the graph is drawn in terms of the other two dimensions. For example, when you plot sin(x) in 3D Cartesian
coordinates, the value along the y-axis is held constant, and the graph is drawn in terms of x and z.
Microsoft Mathematics determines whether an expression or equation can be plotted in 2D or 3D space, based on the
form of the expression:
You can plot functions, expressions, and equations in 2D or 3D Cartesian coordinates. For example, you can plot y
= 3x in 2D, or z = x + y in 3D.
You can plot both sides of an equation in 2D or 3D. For example, both sides of the equation 4x + 2y = 6 can be
plotted in terms of z: z = 4x + 2y and z = 6.
You can plot in polar coordinates, such as r = sin( ).
You can plot in cylindrical coordinates, such as z = r sin( ).
You can plot in spherical coordinates, such as r = sin( ) + cos(f ).
Equations of more than three variables are considered parametric equations and are plotted in 3D Cartesian
coordinates. Any variables that are not represented by the three Cartesian coordinates x, y, and z are considered
parameters.
Important
Microsoft Mathematics looks for the specific variables x, y, and z (or r, , and f ) to determine the domain over which to
plot an expression or equation. You should always use these variables when you write expressions, to ensure that
Microsoft Mathematics correctly interprets your mathematical constructs.
Related topics
Update a graph
Plot a function, expression, or equation

You can plot a single-variable function (for example, sin(x)), an expression of two variables (for example, 3x + 2y), or
two or more of each by following the same steps. You can also plot a single-variable equation(for example, y = 4x +
3), an equation of two or more variables (for example, 3x + 2xy + 3y + z = 8), or two or more of each.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the function, equation, or expression you want to plot.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Graph, and then click Plot in 2D or Plot in 3D.
Related topics
Plot a parametric expression, equation, or inequality
Update a graph
Plot one or more inequalities
Plot both sides of an equation

You can plot both sides of a one-variable equation in 2D when both sides can be expressed in terms of a second
variable. For example, both sides of the equation 4x + 2 = 6 can be plotted in terms of y: y = 4x + 2 and y = 6.
You can plot both sides of an equation that has two or more variables in 3D when both sides can be expressed in terms
of a common variable.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation you want to plot.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Graph.
3. Click Plot both sides in 2D or Plot both sides in 3D.
Note
When you plot both sides of an equation that has more than two variables, Microsoft Mathematics must be able to
express both sides of the equation in terms of x, y, or z for plotting in Cartesian coordinates, or r for cylindrical or
spherical plotting.
Related topics
Update a graph

You can plot inequalities to observe visually the portion of the number field that satisfies the inequality. You can plot
only inequalities of one or two variables, and the inequalities must be expressed in terms of x and y. Inequalities of
more than two variables are treated as parametric inequalities.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the inequality or inequalities you want to plot.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Graph.
3. To plot a single inequality, click Plot Inequality.
To plot two or more inequalities, click Plot in 2D.
Related topics
Update a graph

A parametric equation is one in which values that are to be plotted are expressed as functions of underlying
parameters. In equations, Microsoft Mathematics treats any variable x, y, and z (or r, , and f ) as a parametric
variable. You can plot expressions of more than three variables and observe how changes in the parametric variables
affect the behavior of the graph over the plotted region.
Variables in inequalities that can be plotted are limited to x and y. Any other variables are treated as parametric
variables.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression, equation, or inequality you want to plot.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Graph, and then click Plot in 3D or Plot Inequality.
3. You can animate the resulting graph to observe how changing the underlying parametric variables changes the plot
of the equation. To animate the graph, do one of the following:
a. Click the arrow next to the parametric variable selection list. This animates the graph through the range
displayed.
b. Move the slider bar to the point in the range that you want to display.
Note
You can change the default beginning and ending animation bounds (0 and 2, respectively) by selecting the value
that you want to change and entering a new value.
Related topics
Update a graph
Update a graph
You can change the display characteristics of a graph in your document.
1. Select the graph that you want to update.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click the arrow at the bottom of the Graph button, and then click Edit Graph.
3. In the Graph dialog box, make any changes necessary.
4. Click Update.
A new picture of the graph is inserted into your document.
Note
You can also double-click the graph to open the Graph dialog box.
Related topics
About computing the results of mathematical functions,

expressions, and equations
You can use Microsoft Mathematics to calculate the results of standard mathematical functions, such as roots,
logarithms, factorials, trigonometric functions, limits, and the sum or product of a series. You can calculate the output
of expressions that contain simple arithmetic and higher-level functions. Depending on the function or expression, the
domain can be real numbers, complex numbers, or both.
Note
When you calculate the value of a function or expression, Microsoft Mathematics inserts into your document a new
Math Zone that contains the output.
Related topics
Calculate the limit of a function
Calculate the value of a mathematical function

1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the mathematical function you want to calculate.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.
Related topics
About computing the results of mathematical functions, expressions, and equations

1. On the Mathematics tab, click the Equation button or press Alt + = to insert a new Math Zone.
2. Enter the expression in the form
(x). For example,

Related topics
Calculate the sum or product of a series

1. For the sum, enter the expression in the form
For the product, enter the expression in the form
. For example,
. For example,

Related topics
.
.
About solving equations and inequalities

You can use Microsoft Mathematics to solve equations and inequalities of one or more variables. When you solve
equations, Microsoft Mathematics provides an exact result when possible. Such a result can include irrational numbers
in non-reduced form, including radicals or constants like p.
Note
When solving parametric equations, under certain circumstances the results will include conditions that the solving
engine has assumed during evaluation. For example, when you solve the equation ax = b for x the result includes the
assumptions that the parametric variables a and b meet the conditions shown:
x=
x=
= 0 and a
= 0 and a
Related topics
Solve an equation or a system of equations
Solve an inequality

Solve an equation of one variable
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation that you want to solve.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute.
3. Click Solve for n, where n is the variable for which you are solving.
Solve a system of equations
1. Select all of the equations that you want to solve simultaneously as a system.
3. Click Solve for m, n, ..., t, where m, n, ..., t are the variables for which you are solving.
Notes
If the system you are attempting to solve contains more unknown variables than equations, a list of variable
combinations to solve for will be displayed, instead of a single solution option. The solutions will be parameterized
in terms of the non-selected variables.
When you solve a system of equations, the solve function solves equations simultaneously. Therefore, for a
solution to exist, it must be valid for all equations simultaneously. For an exact solution to be calculated, there
must be at most as many equations as unknown variables.
Related topics
Solve an inequality
Solve an inequality
You can use Microsoft Mathematics to determine the conditions which satisfy an inequality.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the inequality that you want to solve.
3. Click Solve for n, where n is the variable for which you are solving.
Related topics
About solving equations and inequalities
Test the validity of an equation or inequality

You can test whether an equation or inequality is true or alse. For equations and inequalities, Microsoft Mathematics
tests over the domain of real numbers.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation or inequality that you want to test.
3. Click Algebra, and then click Test.
Note
The Test option is available only if the equation or inequality is true or false for the domain of all real numbers.
Related topics
Expand an expression
Factor an expression or integer
You can use the expand function to compute the expanded form of the product of two or more expressions.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation you want to expand.
3. Click Algebra, and then click Expand.
Related topics

You can use the factor function to factor polynomial expressions or return the prime factors of an integer.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression or integer you want to factor.
3. Click Algebra, and then click Factor.
Note
If the result is the original, unfactored integer, then the integer is prime.
Related topics
About differentiation
Microsoft Mathematics can compute the derivative of a mathematical function or polynomial expression. For functions
of more than one variable, you can compute the partial derivative with respect to the specified variable of
differentiation.
Note
When you differentiate trigonometric functions, Microsoft Mathematics requires that radians are set as the unit of angle
measurement. You will receive a message that prompts you to change the angle measurement to radians if it is set to
degrees or gradians.
Related topics
Calculate derivatives of single-variable expressions
Calculate partial derivatives

1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression for which you want to calculate the derivative.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Differentiate on n, where n is the variable of
differentiation.
Or
2. Enter the expression in differential form, such as
(sin(x)).

Note
To compute second- or higher-order derivates, repeat the process on the result of the first derivation, or directly enter
the nth-order derivative expression, such as
(x + 3x + 4x + 5).
Related topics
Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variable expressions
Calculate a definite integral
Calculate partial derivatives (derivatives of expressions of

two or more variables)
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the equation for which you want to calculate the derivative.
3. Click Differentiate, and then click Differentiate on n, where n is the variable of differentiationthat is, the
variable with respect to which you want to calculate the partial derivative.
Or
2. Enter the expression in differential form, such as
(sin(x) cos(y)).

Note
To compute second- or higher-order derivates, repeat the process on the result of the first derivation, or directly enter
the nth-order derivative expression, such as
(xsin(t)).
Related topics
About differentiation
About integrals
Microsoft Mathematics can calculate the indefinite or definite integral of expressions of one or more variables. The
indefinite integral of (x) is any function whose derivative is (x). When calculating indefinite integrals, Microsoft
Mathematics includes the arbitrary constant "C" in the result. The definite integral is calculated over the entered
bounds.
Note
When you integrate trigonometric functions, Microsoft Mathematics requires that radians are set as the angle
measurement. You will receive a message prompting you to change the angle measurement to radians if it is set to
degrees or gradians.
Related topics
Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variable

expressions
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the expression you want to integrate.
2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Integrate on n, where n is the variable of integration.
Or
2. Enter the expression that you want to integrate in the form (x)dx, such as xdx.
Related topics
About integrals

2. In the Math Zone, enter a definite integral in the form
(x)dx. For example,
3. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute and then click Calculate.

Related topics
dx.
Perform matrix arithmetic

Microsoft Mathematics can calculate the result of simple arithmetical matrix calculations, including addition, subtraction,
and multiplication. You can also calculate the result of raising a matrix to a power.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix or matrices for which you want to calculate the
arithmetic result.
Example:
2. Enter the following matrices into the blank equation box:
Note
To increase the number of columns or rows in a matrix, right-click the matrix, click Insert, and select to add a row
or column.
Related topics
Transpose a matrix
Calculate the determinant, inverse, or trace of a matrix

1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix for which you want to calculate the determinant,
inverse, or trace.
3. Click Matrix, and then choose Calculate Determinant, Invert Matrix, or Calculate Trace.
Note
You can calculate the inverse of a nonsingular, square matrix only. To calculate an inverse, you can also enter the
matrix in the form
Related topics
Transpose a matrix
Perform matrix arithmetic
and then use the Calculate operation.
Transpose a matrix
The transpose of a matrix is the matrix that results from transposing the rows and columns of a given matrix. The a_ij
element of matrix A is mapped to the a_ji element of the object matrix, where i indicates the row number and j
indicates the column number.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the matrix that you want to transpose.
3. Click Matrix, and then click Transpose Matrix.
Related topics
About list operations

A list in Microsoft Mathematics is a collection of elements, separated by commas and surrounded by curly braces. The
elements of the list can be numbers, variables, or expressions, or a combination of all three. In Microsoft Mathematics,
you represent a data set as a list. You can then perform statistical calculations on the data set.
To enter a list, type an opening curly brace ({), enter a series of numbers separated by commas, and then type a
closing curly brace (}).
Notes
Microsoft Mathematics evaluates list elements that it is able to evaluate before it performs requested operations.
For example, it evaluates the cos(p) function before it sorts a list that it contains. The evaluated result will be
included in the sorted list.
Consecutive lists with the same number of members in a single Math Zone are treated as a single list. The value of
the resulting list is the product of the members of all lists. For example, {1,2,3}{2,4,6} is treated as the list
{2,8,18} for statistical and other list operations.
Related topics
Sort a list
Calculate the mean, median, or mode of a list of values
Calculate the sum or product of a list
Sort a list
You can sort a list of values. The elements of the list do not need to be the same type. For example, your list can
consist of real and complex numbers, functions, and variable expressions.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the list that you want to sort.
3. Click List, and then click Sort.
Related topics
Find the minimum or maximum member of a list

1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set on which you want to calculate the mean, median, or
mode.
3. Click List, and then click Mean, Median, or Mode.
Related topics
Sort a list
Find the least common multiple or greatest common factor

of a list of real integers
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set for which you want to calculate the least common
multiple or the greatest common factor.
3. Click List, and then click Least Common Multiple or Greatest Common Factor.
Related topics
Sort a list

The sum calculates the result of adding all the elements of a data set. The product calculates the result of multiplying all
the members of a data set.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set for which you want to calculate the sum or product.
3. Click List, and then click Sum or Product.
Related topics
Sort a list
Find the minimum or maximum member of a list

The minimum and maximum functions operate on the set of all real numbers and expressions that evaluate to real
numbers. If your data set contains other values, the entire list is returned unevaluated.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set for which you want to calculate the minimum or
maximum.
3. Click List, and then click Minimum or Maximum.
Related topics
Sort a list
Calculate the variance or standard deviation

Variance is a statistical measure of the spread or variation of the elements in a data set. Standard deviation is a
statistical measure of the amount by which the elements of a data set differ from the arithmetical mean. The variance is
the square of the standard deviation.
1. Place the cursor in the Math Zone that contains the data set on which you want to calculate the variance or
standard deviation.
3. Click List, and then click Variance or Standard Deviation.
Note
Variance and standard deviation can be calculated for all real and complex numbers, as well as for functions that
evaluate to numerical values. For lists that contain variable expressions or functions that cannot be evaluated
numerically, the variance or standard deviation is calculated in terms of both numerical values and non-reduceable
expressions.
Related topics
Sort a list
Glossary
averagesee mean
Cartesian coordinatesA pair of coordinates that give the location of a point on a plane (relative to an origin and two
perpendicular axes), or a set of three coordinates that give the location of a point in space (relative to an origin and
three mutually perpendicular planes)
combinationA subset that contains a specified number of the elements of a given set, selected without regard to the
order in which they were chosen
complex numberA number in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i = sqrt(-1) , so that bi is imaginary
unless b = 0
coordinateEach of a set of numbers that together describe the exact position of something with reference to a set of
axes
cosineFor a given angle in a right triangle, a trigonometric function equal to the length of the side adjacent to the angle
divided by the hypotenuse
cylindrical coordinatesA set of three coordinates that specify the position of a point in three dimensions by using polar
coordinates in one plane and specifying the perpendicular distance of the point from the plane
derivativeA function derived from another function so that at each point of the original function, the derivative
represents the slope of the original function at that point.
determinantThe value computed from a square matrix that determines whether the matrix is singular (has 0
determinant) or invertible (has non-zero determinant)
domainThe set of possible values that you can specify for an independent variable in a function
equationA mathematical statement that two expressions, usually separated by an equal sign, are of the same value
exponentA number or variable placed to the upper right of a number or mathematical expression that indicates the
number of times the number or expression is to be multiplied by itself
expressionAny combination of constants, operators, and variables that represent numbers or quantities, for example,
(5 + x)
factorOne of two or more numbers or quantities that can be multiplied together to give a specified number or quantity.
For example, 3 and 5 are factors of 15
factorialThe number that results from multiplying a whole number by every whole number between itself and 1
inclusive. The factorial is symbolized by the exclamation point (!). 5 factorial, or 5!, is 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
functionA mathematical relationship between variables in which the value of one variable determines a unique value for
another variable
greatest common factorThe largest number that can be exactly divided into each element of a set of numbers. The
greatest common factor of 12, 60, and 84 is 12. Also called greatest common divisor
hypotenuseThe longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle
identity matrixA square matrix that has the numeral 1 in each position on the principal diagonal and 0 in all other
positions
indefinite integralAlso called an anti-derivative, the indefinite integral of a function is the function that has the original
function as its derivative.
least common multipleThe lowest whole number that is divisible without a remainder by all of the elements of a set of
numbers
limitA number that is arbitrarily close to the value of a given function for all values of the function's independent
variable sufficiently close to, but not equal to, a given number (or positive or negative infinity).
listAn ordered set of elements enclosed in braces
logarithmThe power to which a base must be raised to equal a given number
matrixA rectangular array of mathematical elements. For example, the coefficients of linear equations, whose rows and
columns can be combined with those of other arrays to solve problems
meanThe sum of all the elements of a set divided by the number of elements in the set. Also called arithmetic mean or
average.
medianThe middle value in a set of statistical values that are arranged in ascending or descending order
modeThe value that has the highest frequency within a statistical range. Also called norm
operationA mathematical process in which entities are derived from others through the application of rules, for
example, subtraction, multiplication, or differentiation
operatorA mathematical symbol, term, or other entity that performs or describes an operation, for example, a
multiplication or subtraction sign
parameterIn a mathematical equation, a constant that changes and results in a collection of related curves or surfaces.
For example, in the equation y = mx+b, m and b are parameters
parametricOf or pertaining to parameters
parametric equationAn equation in which values to be plotted are expressed as functions of underlying parameters
polar coordinatesA pair of coordinates that locate a point in a plane by specifying the length of a radius vector and the
angle it makes with a horizontal line
polynomialA mathematical expression that consists of the sum of a number of terms, each of which contains a constant
and variables raised to a positive integral power. Also called multinomial
productThe number that results from multiplying two or more numbers
radian (rad)A unit of angular measurement equivalent to the angle between two radii that enclose a section of a circle's
circumference (arc) equal in length to the length of a radius. There are 2*pi radians in a circle
rangeThe set of values that a function can take on
real numberA number that is either rational or irrational with no imaginary part
seriesA (possibly infinite) sum of indexed terms.
sineFor a given angle in a right triangle, a trigonometric function equal to the length of the side opposite the angle
divided by the hypotenuse
spherical coordinatesA set of coordinates used for locating a point in space representing its distance from some origin
and two angles describing its orientation relative to perpendicular axes extending from that origin
standard deviationA statistical measure of the amount by which a set of values differs from the arithmetical mean,
equal to the square root of the mean of the differences' squares
sumThe number that results from adding two or more numbers
traceThe sum of the diagonal entries of a square matrix
transposeA matrix created by interchanging the rows and columns of a previously given matrix
variableA symbol that represents an unspecified or unknown quantity, such as "a," "b," or "x"
varianceA statistical measure of the spread or variation of a group of numbers in a sample, equal to the square of the
standard deviation
vectorA quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Examples of vectors include force and velocity
y-axisThe vertical axis in a two-dimensional coordinate system, also one of the axes in the three-dimensional Cartesian
coordinate system

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Microsoft Mathematics Add-In

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About Microsoft Mathematics Add-in

About mathematical expressions and evaluation

About case sensitivity

Insert an equation or expression

Change the number field over which an expression is

Set the unit of angular measurement used to evaluate an

Specify the number of decimal places displayed in a result

About plotting expressions and equations

Plot a function, expression, or equation

Plot both sides of an equation

Plot one or more inequalities

Plot a parametric expression, equation, or inequality

About computing the results of mathematical functions,

Calculate the value of a mathematical function

Calculate the limit of a function

(x). For example,

3. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.

Calculate the sum or product of a series

2. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.

About solving equations and inequalities

Solve an equation or a system of equations

Test the validity of an equation or inequality

Factor an expression or integer

Calculate derivatives of single-variable expressions

3. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.

Calculate partial derivatives (derivatives of expressions of

3. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute, and then click Calculate.

Calculate an indefinite integral of single-variable

Calculate a definite integral

(x)dx. For example,

3. On the Mathematics tab, click Compute and then click Calculate.

Perform matrix arithmetic

Calculate the determinant, inverse, or trace of a matrix

and then use the Calculate operation.

About list operations

Calculate the mean, median, or mode of a list of values

Find the least common multiple or greatest common factor

Calculate the sum or product of a list

Find the minimum or maximum member of a list

Calculate the variance or standard deviation

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